考研英語完型填空�？嫉膬�(nèi)容有哪些
我們在進行考研英語完型填空的復(fù)習(xí)時，需要了解清楚有哪些�？嫉膬�(nèi)容。小編為大家精心準備了考研英語完型填空�？嫉闹攸c，歡迎大家前來閱讀。
考研英語完型填空常考的知識點
1.引語
文章中出現(xiàn)的引語基本上都是考點，只是采用不同的題型而已，如推理引申題、句意理解題、作者意圖題等等。特別注意首段引語的三種作用：第一，作為支持作者觀點的論據(jù);第二，作為作者批判的靶子;第三，給出文章大背景。
2.例子
例子經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在命題中，而且題型多為作者觀點態(tài)度題。此類題型主要針對文章中所舉之例的作用進行發(fā)問。
我們應(yīng)該注意例子的出現(xiàn)無非有兩種情況：一是先提觀點后舉例;二是先舉例后提出觀點。而該觀點就是作者引用例子所要說明或反駁的。因此見到例子后，我們應(yīng)該迅速查找其上下文，目的必在其中。通過歷年真題分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)先提觀點后舉例的情況占多數(shù)。
3.長難句
考點一般集中在長難句上。這些句子的共同點就是同位語、定語和分句很多;主語和謂語之間的距離很遠，還時常伴有插入成分。主要考查句子之間的指代或邏輯關(guān)系，以引申推理題、事實細節(jié)題等多種形式出現(xiàn)。理解長難句的要領(lǐng)就是先找出主干，化繁為簡，然后再看各個分句或修飾成分與它的關(guān)系。
4.轉(zhuǎn)折處或?qū)Ρ忍?/p>
在歷年考題中，轉(zhuǎn)折和對比一直受到命題者的青睞。文章通過however,but,infact,yet等邏輯詞進行轉(zhuǎn)折,轉(zhuǎn)折后的'內(nèi)容常常是作者真正表達的內(nèi)容。對比常用unlike,different from,until,not so much as等詞語引導(dǎo)，考的是對比雙方的屬性。對轉(zhuǎn)折題，我們要著重把握作者轉(zhuǎn)折后的觀點。對于文章中出現(xiàn)的將兩種人或兩種觀點進行對比時，我們要準確把握每一種的特點，避免被張冠李戴的選項迷惑。
5.因果句
(1)出這類題時,文章中一般都since,for,because,as,therefore,result in,originatefrom這些標(biāo)志詞。沒有標(biāo)志詞的就需要通過上下文推出二者的因果關(guān)系。
(2)當(dāng)有多種原因時，主要原因�？肌�
6.段首段尾�？�
考點一般是段首句的總覽全局，段尾句的提煉、理解，或者段首段尾相呼應(yīng)表達的文章主題。
7.類比比喻
議論文和說明文在論證說明事理的時候均很抽象。
為了讓讀者更形象地理解一些抽象的內(nèi)容，文章常采用類比的手法。形象的類比不僅有助于將抽象的道理闡釋清楚，更可以讓讀者加深印象。類比在文中有兩種體現(xiàn)方式，一是明喻，即A像B一樣;二是暗喻，說A是B，由于暗喻更加隱蔽，近年來命題專家越來越趨向于在暗喻內(nèi)容上設(shè)問。
8.復(fù)指處
考點是復(fù)指代詞或與復(fù)指副詞作用相同的詞。1996以前此類題目大多是直接問考生文章某句中的it或that指代什么。近幾年此類題目的問法開始轉(zhuǎn)向隱蔽。我們在遇到此類題時應(yīng)該記住，題目的答案所在位置必定在復(fù)指詞的上文中。因此，只需返回原文，在復(fù)指詞上方掃描即可找到正確答案。
有目的性的去復(fù)習(xí)才是正確的復(fù)習(xí)之路，因此考生要著重注意考研英語完型填空�？家c。
考研英語閱讀有效的復(fù)習(xí)方法
一、詳讀重點
重點：就原文而言，就是文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容和態(tài)度;就答題而言，就是問題所對應(yīng)的原文的出題句。以這個標(biāo)準來衡量，需要重點閱讀的原文詞句就不會很多，因為文章后面只有五道題，它們對應(yīng)的原文在五句左右，為了回答文章后面的問題，需要重點閱讀原文的下列內(nèi)容：
1.宏觀方面--①文章結(jié)構(gòu);②文章主題句;③各段首末句;④作者態(tài)度。
2.微觀方面--①有轉(zhuǎn)折處;②重要標(biāo)點;③句子主干。
二、略讀細節(jié)
相對于論點而言，論據(jù)是細節(jié)性的，如果明白論點，論據(jù)可以讀得較快;相對于段落主題而言，解釋段落主題的支持句是細節(jié)性的�？梢月宰x的細節(jié)包括例子和解釋。
三、跳讀修飾
細節(jié)性的修飾，只對論點起次要的補充說明作用，第一遍閱讀時可以跳過。此外，這些細節(jié)性的東西通常也不出題，即使涉及問題，到時候看也來得及�？梢蕴x的細節(jié)包括：
1.兩個逗號之間的問題。
2.兩個破折號之間的問題。
3.人物的頭銜。
4.并列敘述。
考研英語作文豐富句型的技巧
▶1. 主動句變被動句
“英文多被動，漢語多主動”，還需要警惕名詞與動詞之間暗含的“主被動”關(guān)系。
Eg1: It is said that …據(jù)說/相傳
Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …
Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建議
Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激
Eg5：Students should study hard.
Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.
▶2. 簡單句變從句
名詞性從句，含主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句四種;定語從句;狀語從句
A. 主語從句：
Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.
Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it為形式主語;that從句為真正主語)
B.賓語從句：
Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.
Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.
Eg3：明智的人不為別人的想法所影響。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.
C. 表語從句：
Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.
Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.
D. 同位語從句
Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (該句中a dream = that 從句，)
Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.
E. 含同位語句式
A.人 身份
Eg. I am convinced that …
As a college student, I am convinced that …
I, as a college student, am convinced that …
B. 物 性質(zhì)
Eg. A strong will brings us power …
As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…
A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…
插入語
Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.
The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.
Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.
The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.
Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.
Others, even so, hold a different view.
Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽車跟很多其他事物一樣，具有兩面性)
Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.
F. 定語從句：
步驟：1)先寫出正確簡單句，確定被修飾成分(中心名詞)
2)在中心名詞后加入定從，關(guān)系詞who, whose, whom, where, which, when
Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.
Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?
▶3. it 句式
A. 形式主語 it is +被動/形容詞/名詞+that從句/to do …
Eg1：It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …
Eg2：It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do
Eg3：It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …
Eg4：It is useless/useful doing sth.
B. 形式賓語
Eg1：An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.
Eg2：An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.
Eg3：A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.
▶4. 強調(diào)句
A. 強調(diào)謂語：
Eg1：I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.
Eg2：Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.
Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.
B. 強調(diào)句式：It is/was +被強調(diào)成分+that/who+句子其他成分。
【步驟】
a. 先寫出正確的簡單句、并列句或復(fù)合句，明確單句的各個成分。
b. 在被強調(diào)成分(除謂語和補語外)兩邊添加it is/was 和that/who， 其他成分不變，必要時調(diào)整順序。
【強調(diào)句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who結(jié)構(gòu)，整個句子無冗余或成分殘缺。
Eg1：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.
Eg2：Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
(強調(diào)句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
Eg3：The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
▶5. 倒裝
A. 表否定的副詞、短語或狀語位于主語之前或句首，主句半倒裝(一般疑問句語序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,
Eg1：I will never agree. Never will I agree.
B. Only +狀語位于句首，主句半倒裝。
Eg1：When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.
Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.
Eg2：When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.
Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.
Eg3：By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.
Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.
C.As/though倒裝形式
Eg1：Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Eg2：Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.
Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.
Eg3：Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
▶6.雙重否定：
Eg1：no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.
In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.
Eg2：A strong will is very important.
The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.
Eg3：Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
▶7. Ving/ved 狀語
A. 兩個動作同時發(fā)生且主語一致，將次要動作寫成v-ing或v-ed形式做狀語，即動作與邏輯主語之間為主動關(guān)系時寫成v-ing形式、為被動關(guān)系是寫成V-ed形式。
Eg1：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.
I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.
Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.
Eg2：When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.
B.兩個動作主語一致，但前后發(fā)生，則可將先發(fā)生的動作寫成Having +ved形式。
Eg1：He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.
Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.
▶8. 排比結(jié)構(gòu)
Eg1：Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)
Eg2：We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)
Eg3：作為一種重要素質(zhì)，自信帶給我們力量、喚起我們對生活的熱愛、幫助我們戰(zhàn)勝困難。
As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.
考研英語中應(yīng)用文寫作，通過模板句型，經(jīng)典的例句完全可以得到比較理想的分數(shù)，因為“言簡意賅”就是它的特點。而大作文對于語言表達上的要求要高幾個level，只是模式化的文字已經(jīng)不足以打動考官，需要在原有的結(jié)構(gòu)上進一步創(chuàng)新，讓考官看的跌宕起伏，還是昏昏欲睡才是高低分的關(guān)鍵所在。
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