人的容貌像文字一樣被識(shí)別認(rèn)知英語美文
Study Shows Faces Are Processed Like Words
盡管文字和人們的容貌兩者看起來是如此不同，但是美國紐約大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們?nèi)涨鞍l(fā)現(xiàn)，容貌和文字一樣，都通過部分被識(shí)別認(rèn)知的，而非被整體識(shí)別認(rèn)知的。
Although they are dramatically different, words and faces are both recognized by parts, according to a study published in February in the Journal of Vision, an online, free access publication of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO).
據(jù)美國“每日科學(xué)”網(wǎng)站日前報(bào)道，人們曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為，人的容貌和文字是通過不同的.方式被認(rèn)知的，其中容貌是通過整體認(rèn)知而文字和其它物體則是通過部分認(rèn)知被人們識(shí)別的。然而，美國紐約大學(xué)的3位神經(jīng)科學(xué)家，Marialuisa Martelli、Najib Majaj和丹尼斯·培里日前通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們是通過字母來識(shí)別文字的，同時(shí)也是通過面部特征來識(shí)別一個(gè)人的容貌。
在試驗(yàn)過程中，研究者要求參與者把注意力集中在一個(gè)黑色圓點(diǎn)上，在黑點(diǎn)的右邊是一個(gè)字母，黑點(diǎn)的左邊是一個(gè)由3個(gè)字母組成的詞語，中間那個(gè)字母和黑點(diǎn)右邊的字母相同。同樣地，在第二組試驗(yàn)中，參與者也被要求把注意力集中在一個(gè)黑點(diǎn)上，黑點(diǎn)右邊是或薄或厚或微笑或生氣的嘴唇，而黑點(diǎn)左邊是一整張面孔。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)組成黑點(diǎn)左邊單詞的字母間隔正常，或一整張面孔呈標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比例時(shí)，參與調(diào)查者很難從他們的周圍視覺對字母或是嘴唇的特征進(jìn)行識(shí)別。培里由此得出結(jié)論，是背景環(huán)境阻礙了識(shí)別過程，同時(shí)影響了要被識(shí)別的東西。
在第二個(gè)試驗(yàn)中，研究者提供給參與者一個(gè)被證實(shí)更容易認(rèn)知的背景環(huán)境。黑點(diǎn)左邊組成單詞的字母被展開，人的容貌特征也相應(yīng)地被分開。在這次試驗(yàn)過程中，參與者發(fā)現(xiàn)認(rèn)清黑點(diǎn)右邊的字母或是辨別嘴唇的特征就變得非常容易了。對此，培里表示，要想識(shí)別一個(gè)單詞或是一個(gè)人的容貌，組成單詞的每個(gè)字母或是面部特征都要與其它字母或特征分隔開。他說：“人的大腦就是部分地來識(shí)別這些物體的，而并非全部。我們的視覺系統(tǒng)認(rèn)知我們世界"非常小的部分"，而我們的大腦將它們集合成構(gòu)成我們環(huán)境的感知物體�！�
Although they are dramatically different, words and faces are both recognized by parts, according to a study published in February in the Journal of Vision, an online, free access publication of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO).
It has been suggested that faces and words are recognized differently, that faces are identified by wholes, whereas words and other objects are identified by parts.
However, Marialuisa Martelli, Najib Majaj, and Denis Pelli, three neuroscientists from New York University, conducted a study that finds individuals use letters to recognize words and facial features to recognize faces.
To reach this finding, experiments were performed in which observers were asked to focus on a black dot, to the right of which was a letter. To the left of the dot was a three-letter word in which the letter to the right was in the middle of that word. The visual experiments also involved manipulated faces and facial features. In this case, observers would focus on a black dot. To the dot"s right were lips that were fat or thin, or smiling or frowning. To the left of the dot was an entire face.
When the words to the left were spaced normally and the face was of normal proportions, subjects had a great deal of difficulty identifying out of their peripheral vision the letter and the characteristics of the lips. Pelli concludes that context hinders identification and crowds what is to be identified.
In a second experiment, the observers were presented with a context that proved to make recognition easier. Where letter identification was involved, the letters comprising the word to the left of the dot were spread out. When faces were involved, the facial features similarly were spread apart. In this experiment, subjects found naming the letter and recognizing the type of lips to the dot"s right far easier. In this case, Pelli notes, to recognize a word or face, each letter or facial feature must be isolated from the rest.
"These measures appear to be identifying what kind of computation is performed by the brain in doing this," says Pelli. The brain, he says, is recognizing these objects by parts, not as wholes. Our visual system recognizes "bite-sized pieces" of our world, and our brain assembles them into the perceptual objects that constitute our environment.
【人的容貌像文字一樣被識(shí)別認(rèn)知英語美文】相關(guān)文章：
像謎一樣的女子美文06-23
經(jīng)典美文：像煙灰一樣松散12-20
像水一樣碎美文05-29
像水一樣軟弱美文隨筆03-27
像風(fēng)一樣飛馳去遠(yuǎn)方經(jīng)典美文09-10
像熬藥一樣熬愛情情感美文03-05
WPS文字怎么識(shí)別圖片中文字09-27
word文字識(shí)別功能怎么開啟09-02
暖人的英語美文08-17