全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試二級(jí)閱讀理解習(xí)題及答案
2016年上半年全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試時(shí)間為3月19日至20日,為了各位考生可以更好地備戰(zhàn)全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試二級(jí)考試,下面YJBYS小編為大家?guī)?lái)2016全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試二級(jí)閱讀理解習(xí)題及答案,供大家參考學(xué)習(xí),預(yù)祝考生備考成功!
(一)
Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word.
Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET l.
Impatience characterizes young intellectual workers.They want to make their mark(31) ___.So it’s important to get(32) ___to them in a challenging manner the idea(33) ___big achievements rarely come easily and quickly.Point out that the little successes are essential.Show that they(34) ___turn become the foundation on(35) ___reputations are built and from which mole important tasks can be accomphished.
A variety of job assignments,including job Or project rotation,also keep a job(36) ___becoming dull.Whereas it’s natural for some individuals to want to move ahead immediately to more difficult assignments,(37) ___proper guidance they call continue to learn and to gain versatility by working on a number of jobs that are essentially(38)——the same complexity.This way they gain breadth,if not depth.
Probably the greatest offense to guard(39) ___when dealing with younger specialists is to reject ideas out of hand.You must listen--and listen objectively——to their suggestions.Avoid(40)——0vercritical.You want to nurture an inquiring mind with a fresh approach. You’ll frustrate it quickly if you revert too often(41) ___“We’ve tried that before and it won’t(42) ___here.”
One sure way to disenchant(43) ___college graduates is flagrantly misusing their talents.Expect them to do some routine work,of course.But don’t make their(44) ___work just one long series of errands.This in—eludes such break—in assignments(45) ___performing routine calculations,digging up(46) ___material,(47) ___0perating reproduction equipment.One large manufacturing company recently interviewed a number of(48) ___engineers who had left them.The company found that the overwhelming complaint was that the company not only did not offer work that(49) ___challenging but also expected(50) ___too little from them in the way of performance.
參考譯文
不耐心是年輕的腦力工作者的特點(diǎn)。他們希望快速成名。因此,給他們講清巨大的成功不會(huì)輕而易舉、快速地到來(lái)很重要。要指出小的成功至關(guān)重要。要跟他們講明這些小成功會(huì)反過(guò)來(lái)成為建立聲譽(yù)的基礎(chǔ),從這些小成功開(kāi)始才能完成更加重要的任務(wù)。多種多樣的工作任務(wù),包括工作或項(xiàng)目輪換也會(huì)防止工作變得乏味。但是,有些人很自然地希望立刻去完成更為艱難的任務(wù),在適當(dāng)?shù)闹笇?dǎo)下,他們可以繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí),繼續(xù)通過(guò)干許多一樣復(fù)雜的工作而獲得多樣性。這樣他們就能有廣度的收獲,如果不是深度上的。也許,在與年輕的專業(yè)人士打交道時(shí)最應(yīng)該防范的就是馬上駁斥其想法。你必須聆聽(tīng)一客觀地聆聽(tīng)他們的建議。避免過(guò)分挑剔。你希望用新的途徑培養(yǎng)一個(gè)好問(wèn)的頭腦。如果你經(jīng)常提到“我們以前已經(jīng)試著這樣做了.但是不管用”就會(huì)很快地挫傷這種好問(wèn)的頭腦。使年輕的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生們清醒過(guò)來(lái)的一種妙招就是公然濫用他們的才能。當(dāng)然要想到他們會(huì)做一些慣常的工作,但是不要使他們的日常工作僅僅成為一長(zhǎng)串令人煩躁的差使,這包括一些像執(zhí)行常規(guī)計(jì)算、挖掘參考材料、操作再生產(chǎn)設(shè)備等等實(shí)習(xí)期任務(wù)。一家大型制造公司最近采訪了許多有前途的工程師,這些工程師都已離開(kāi)這家公司。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)絕大多數(shù)人抱怨公司提供的工作不但沒(méi)有挑戰(zhàn)性,而且對(duì)于他們的表現(xiàn)期望也非常低。
答案及解析
31.fast 【解析】由上一句句意“不耐心代表了年輕的腦力工作者們的特點(diǎn)。”可知,本句“他們想…成名”中的空處應(yīng)填“快速地”。
32.across 【解析】9et across意為“使(觀點(diǎn)等)被理解或接受,講清自己的意思”,此句意為“給他們講清巨大的成功不會(huì)輕易、快速地到來(lái)很重要。”
33.that 【解析】參見(jiàn)32題解析,idea與big achievements rarely come easily and quickly是同位語(yǔ),故此空應(yīng)填that,引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。
34.in 【解析】in turn意為“轉(zhuǎn)而,反過(guò)來(lái)”,此旬意為“給他們講明這些小成功成為建立聲譽(yù)的基礎(chǔ),而且從這些小成功開(kāi)始更重要的任務(wù)才能被完成。”。外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
35.which 【解析】“聲譽(yù)建立的基礎(chǔ)”英語(yǔ)表達(dá)為“the foundation on which reputations ale built”,which指代foundations。
36.from 【解析】keep sth.from doing sth.意為“防止某事…”,為固定短語(yǔ)。
37.under 【解析】under guidance意為“在…指導(dǎo)下”,為固定短語(yǔ)。
38.of 【解析】be of the same...意為“是一樣…”,此句意為“…在正確的指導(dǎo)下,他們能繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí),繼續(xù)通過(guò)干許多一樣復(fù)雜的工作而獲得多樣性!
39.against 【解析】guard against意為“防止,防范,警惕”,為固定短語(yǔ),against也可以省略。
40.being 【解析】avoid doing sth.意為“避免…”,avoid后必須跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。be overcritical意為“過(guò)分挑剔的”。
41.to 【解析】revert to意為“重想,重提”,此句意為“如果你經(jīng)常提到‘我們以前已經(jīng)試著這樣做了,但是不管用’就會(huì)很快地挫傷這種好問(wèn)的頭腦”。
42.work 【解析】本句意為“我們以前已經(jīng)嘗試過(guò),但是不…。”顯然,此空處應(yīng)填“奏效,起作用”,英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)這一含義最地道的詞就是work。
43.young 【解析】本文均是在講年輕的腦力工作者,故此空所應(yīng)填的用于修飾“college graduates”的`詞也應(yīng)是“年輕的”。
44.daily 【解析】此句意為“但是不要使他們的…工作僅僅成為一長(zhǎng)串令人心煩的差使!憋@然,此空應(yīng)填“每日的,日常的”。
45.as 【解析】such…as意為“這樣的…如”。此空后為并列的三個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ),即“如”后跟的例舉事項(xiàng)。
46.reference 【解析】這三個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)意為“執(zhí)行日常運(yùn)算、挖掘…材料、操作再生產(chǎn)設(shè)備”。顯然,“參考材料”最合適。
47.and 【解析】這三個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)是并列的,故中間的連詞只能用and。
48.promising 【解析】此旬意為“一家大制造公司最近采訪了許多…的工程師,這些工程師都已離開(kāi)這家公司!庇缮舷戮渑袛,此空處填“有希望的,有前景的”最合句意。
49.was 【解析】此空顯然應(yīng)是句子的謂語(yǔ)成分,應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。
50.far 【解析】可用于修飾“too little”的只能是far,意為“太少,特別少”。
(二)
Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word.
Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET l.
Pollution is a“dirty”word.To pollute means to contaminate-topsoil or something by introducing impurities which make(31) ___unfit or unclean to use.Pollution comes in many forms.We see it,smell it,(32) ___it,drink it,and stumble through it.We literally lived in and breathe pollution,and(33) ___surprisingly,it is beginning to(34) ___our health,our happiness,and our civilization.
Once we thought of pollution(35) ___meaning simply the smog--the choking,stinging,dirty(36) ___that hovers over cities.But air pollution,while it is(37) ___the most dangerous,is only one type of contamination among several(38) ___attack the most basic life functions.
Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides,man has polluted the land,(39) ___the wildlife.By(40) ___sewage and chemicals into rivers and lakes,we have contaminated our(41) ___water.We are polluting the oceans,too,killing the fish and(42) ___depriving ourselves(43) ___an invaluable food supply.
Part of the problem is our exploding(44) ___.More and more people are producing more wastes.But this problem is intensified by our“throw—away”technology.Each year Americans(45) ___of 7 million autos,20 million tons of waste paper,25 million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cans.We throw away gum wrappers,newspapers,and paper plates.It is no longer wise to(46) ___anything.Today almost everything is disposable. (47) ___of repairing a toaster or a radi0,it is easier and cheaper to buy another one and discard the old,even(48) ___95 percent of its parts may still be functioning.Baby diapers,which used to be made of reusable cloth,are now paper throw-aways.Soon we will wear clothing made of(49) ___:“Wear it once and throw it away”will be the slogan of the fashionable consciousness.
Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump,or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem?(50) ___,solutions are in sight.A few of them are positively ingenious.
參考譯文
污染是一個(gè)“骯臟”的詞語(yǔ)。污染就是弄臟——表土或什么東西,通過(guò)引進(jìn)雜質(zhì)使其不健康或不潔。污染可以有很多形式。我們可以看見(jiàn)它,聞到它,嘗到它,喝到它,從它中間掙扎走過(guò)。我們簡(jiǎn)直生活在污染中,呼吸著它,毫不奇怪,它開(kāi)始威脅我們的健康、我們的幸福和我們的文明。
我們?cè)?jīng)把污染只是想成煙霧——盤(pán)旋在城市上空的那種嗆人、刺鼻、骯臟的空氣。但是空氣污染雖然是最為危險(xiǎn)的,但也只是幾種攻擊最基本生活功能的污染之一。
通過(guò)不加控制地使用殺蟲(chóng)劑。人類(lèi)已經(jīng)污染了土地,殺死了野生動(dòng)物。通過(guò)將污水和化學(xué)物質(zhì)傾倒進(jìn)河流和湖泊,我們已經(jīng)污染了我們的飲用水。我們也正在污染海洋,殺死魚(yú)類(lèi),因而剝奪了我們那無(wú)價(jià)的食物供應(yīng)。
人口的爆炸也是引起污染的原因之一。越來(lái)越多的人正在制造越來(lái)越多的垃圾。但是,這一問(wèn)題被我們的“一次性”技術(shù)加劇了。每年美國(guó)人都要扔掉700萬(wàn)輛汽車(chē)、2,000萬(wàn)噸廢紙、2,500萬(wàn)磅牙膏皮和4,800萬(wàn)個(gè)罐子。我們還扔掉口香糖包裝紙、報(bào)紙和紙盤(pán)。再次利用已經(jīng)不再明智了。今天。幾乎所有東西都可以扔掉。比起修一臺(tái)烤箱或收音機(jī),買(mǎi)一臺(tái)新的、扔掉舊的更容易、更便宜,雖然它95%的部件仍可以使用。嬰兒尿布以前用循環(huán)使用的布制成,現(xiàn)在都變成紙質(zhì)的一次性產(chǎn)品了。不久我們就會(huì)穿上紙質(zhì)的衣服:“穿一次就扔掉”將成為流行意識(shí)的口號(hào)。
所有這些到什么時(shí)候才能結(jié)束?我們是不是正在把世界變成一個(gè)巨大的垃圾場(chǎng),或者我們還有沒(méi)有希望解決污染問(wèn)題?幸運(yùn)的是,已經(jīng)有了解決問(wèn)題的辦法,有幾種辦法還十分具有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性