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2016公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法解析
距離公共英語(yǔ)考試越來(lái)越近了,為了方便大家復(fù)習(xí),yjbys網(wǎng)小編為大家整理了公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)法的解析,希望對(duì)大家有用!
一、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
I. 要點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ)中有許多短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體,其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,有的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞,有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種:
(1) 動(dòng)詞+介詞
常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后。如:
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 動(dòng)詞+副詞
常見的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞,既可放在副詞前邊,又可放在副詞后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則要放在副詞前邊。如:You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞
常見的有l(wèi)ook down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如:
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞
常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如:You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5) 動(dòng)詞+形容詞
常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞,則賓語(yǔ)可放在形容詞的前邊,也可放在后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則必須放在形容詞前邊。如:
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 動(dòng)詞+名詞
常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如:
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(讓給,暴露) 和 give up(放棄,停止)
put away(放起,收起) 和 put out (撲滅)
turn up(出席,放大) 和 turn on (打開)
keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不讓靠近)
make up(編造,補(bǔ)上) 和 make out(辨認(rèn))
take off(脫,起飛) 和 take out(拿出)
II. 例題
例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析:該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keep up意為"繼續(xù)";give away意為"分發(fā)";lay up"貯藏"。例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A touch B relation C connection D friendship
解析:該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,意為"保持聯(lián)系"。外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)
例3 ____! There's a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析:該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。
二、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
1、由when、as soon as、the minute、the moment、till、until等引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,以及由if、unless、provided that等引起的條件狀語(yǔ)從句常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,而主句則用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。
例:They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams.
2、當(dāng)表示普遍的真理或者眾所周知的客觀事實(shí),常常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例:The earth is round. 地球是圓的。
二、一般過(guò)去時(shí):區(qū)分三個(gè)短語(yǔ)的用法:
1、used to do sth:過(guò)去常常做某事。
2、be/get used to doing sth:習(xí)慣做某事。
3、be used to do sth:被用于做某事。
三、一般將來(lái)時(shí):
1、be to+動(dòng)詞原形:表示安排或計(jì)劃好了的動(dòng)作。例:The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.
2、be about to+動(dòng)詞原形:表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例:The lecture is about to begin.講座即將開始。
3、一些表示動(dòng)作趨勢(shì),如開始、終結(jié),以及一些表示動(dòng)作方向,如往來(lái)的動(dòng)詞,常常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按照安排將于將來(lái)發(fā)生的事情,這類動(dòng)詞常見的有如:start,go,leave,come,arrive等。例:We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我們明天動(dòng)身去北京。
四、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài):
重點(diǎn)區(qū)分when和while引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的用法。
When表示時(shí)間上的點(diǎn),在考試中其引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多翻譯為“這時(shí)?”,主句多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài);while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多翻譯為“正當(dāng)……時(shí)”,該從句用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 例:One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry.
I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis.
五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):
重點(diǎn)區(qū)分have (has) been to:某人去過(guò)某地,表示一種經(jīng)歷,強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài),可以和once,twice,often,never,ever連用;
Have (has) gone to:某人在去某地的途中或已在某地,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。此句型不能與上述時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例:He has gone to America.他已經(jīng)去了美國(guó)。He has been to America twice.他去過(guò)美國(guó)兩次。
六、過(guò)去完成時(shí):
1、強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在另外一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作之前時(shí),用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
2、It was the first/second/last time that? 在該句型,that從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
七、將來(lái)完成時(shí):
常常標(biāo)志性地由by、by the time、by the end of引起一個(gè)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),主句用將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài)。
三、感官動(dòng),使役動(dòng)詞的用法及英語(yǔ)中?嫉膬蓚(gè)句式結(jié)構(gòu)
一、感官動(dòng)詞的用法及其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):在英語(yǔ)中,常見的感官動(dòng)詞有“五看二聽一感覺”(see、watch、look、notice、observe;hear、listen to、feel),在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用動(dòng)詞原形或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),如see sb do/doing sth,改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)則要加to,如sb be seen to do sth.
二、使役動(dòng)詞的用法及其被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):在英語(yǔ)中,常見的使役動(dòng)詞有make、let、have,在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用動(dòng)詞原形做賓補(bǔ),如make sb do sth,改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)則要加to,如sb be made to do sth, 兩種形式都表示使/讓某人做某事的意思。例:We were made to study hardy.我們被要求努力學(xué)習(xí)。
三、英語(yǔ)中常考的句式結(jié)構(gòu)一:sth need/ want/ require doing 某物需要?(=sth need/want/require to be done)(此句式主語(yǔ)為物)例:My room is a mess. It needs tidying up(整理)。
四、英語(yǔ)中?嫉木涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)二:have/get sth done 請(qǐng)/讓別人做某事(have/get后接賓語(yǔ)為物)
例:I have taken many photos. I‘m going to get the filmdeveloped. 五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),其構(gòu)成為:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去動(dòng)詞。例:The work must be finished before lunch. 這項(xiàng)工作必須在午飯前干完。
四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can、could;may、might;must、need;should;ought to,
對(duì)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?计鋬煞矫娴膬(nèi)容,一是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于推測(cè)句型,二是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣(該部分的講解放在虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于對(duì)現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容推測(cè)的常見句型有:
1、Can/may do sth:表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的可能性的推測(cè);
2、Must do sth:表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的肯定性的推測(cè)。
二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于對(duì)過(guò)去內(nèi)容推薦的常見句型:
1、can/may have done sth:表示對(duì)過(guò)去內(nèi)容的可能性;
2、must have done sth:表示對(duì)過(guò)去內(nèi)容的肯定性的推測(cè)。
例:1、Mr Green must have failed to receive my letter, otherwise he would have replied.
2、I believe he must have had an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.
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