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托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作素材：友誼與競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 推薦度：
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2017年托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作熱門(mén)素材

　　導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：素材可以讓你的托福英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作人眼前一亮，下面是YJBYS小編整理的2017年托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作熱門(mén)素材，歡迎參考!

2017年托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作熱門(mén)素材

　　Part One

　　托福寫(xiě)作素材模板：智慧城市的興起

　　素材段落

　　With the widespread application of sophisticated information and communication technologies, the concept of creating a ‘smart city’ has been proposed as the ultimate goal that large cities would seek in their future development. A ‘smart city’ could largely improve the quality of life and the performance of urban services. For example, it has brought local residents a more efficacious and user-friendly public transportation system. In Barcelona, a new bus network has been designed to utilize vertical, horizontal and diagonal routes with a number of interchanges, based on the analysis of the most common traffic flows. Also, when smart traffic lights are set up and traffic management software is installed, the number of green lights on each street has been optimized to avoid traffic congestion as well as to allow ambulances to reach incidents without any delay.

　　單詞和詞組

　　sophisticated 精密的、尖端的'

　　=advanced, updated

　　✎ sophisticated techniques

　　✎ sophisticated medical equipment

　　efficacious 有效的

　　=effective, efficient

　　✎ an efficacious cure for fatal diseases

　　a number of 許多

　　=many, numerous

　　✎ 修飾“可數(shù)名詞”：a large number of, a great many of

　　✎ 修飾“不可數(shù)名詞”：a large amount of, a great deal of

　　✎ 修飾“可數(shù)名詞”或“不可數(shù)名詞”：plenty of, a large quantity of, a variety of, a wealth of

　　Part Two

　　托福寫(xiě)作素材模板：有機(jī)食品和健康

　　素材段落

　　Organic food is much healthier than conventional food due to its higher levels of antioxidants and lower levels of pesticides. Antioxidants have been linked to a lower risk of cancer and other diseases in humans. Scientists have discovered that organic food contains an average of 17% more antioxidants than conventional food. The reason for this is because plants naturally produce antioxidants to defend themselves against pests and diseases. When pesticides are applied to plants, they lose their need to generateantioxidants for their own defenses. It is also important to note that pesticide residues are found to be three to four times more likely on conventional food as compared to organic food. This data is based on a recent study conducted by Dr. Benbrook from the Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources at Washington State University. Pesticide residues can cause dizziness and headaches (as their acute effects) and neurological problems and birth defects (as their long-term effects).

　　單詞和詞組

　　defend … against … 防御、抵制

　　=protect/safeguard … from …

　　✎ defend national security against invasion

　　generate 產(chǎn)生、形成

　　=produce, form, create

　　✎ Nuclear energy, instead of fossil fuels, should be used to generate electricity in future years.

　　話題詞匯

　　有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的 nutritious

　　改善健康 improve health

　　養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習(xí)慣 form a healthy diet

　　有機(jī)食品 organic food