2016托業(yè)考試閱讀資料：簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀

　　簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀(Jane Austen，1775年12月16日-1817年7月18日)是英國(guó)聞名女性小說(shuō)家，她的作品首要關(guān)注鄉(xiāng)紳家庭女性的婚姻和糊口，以女性特有的詳盡入微的不雅察看力和活躍滑稽的文字真實(shí)地描畫(huà)了她四周世界的小****。

　　Jane Austen (1775-1817) is one of the most famous of all English novelists, and today her novels are more popular than ever, with several recently adapted as Hollywood movies. But we do not have many records of what she looked like. For a long time, the only accepted image of Austen was an amateur sketch of an adult Austen made by her sister Cassandra. However, recently a professionally painted, full-length portrait of a teenage girl owned by a member of the Austen family has come up for sale. Although the professional painting is not titled Jane Austen, there are good reasons to believe she is the subject.

　　簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀是最有名的英國(guó)小說(shuō)家之一。時(shí)至今日，她的作品變得更受接待了，稀有部被好萊塢改編成片子了�？墒菍�(duì)于她的長(zhǎng)相卻沒(méi)有太多的記實(shí)。很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)刻以來(lái)，獨(dú)一被認(rèn)可的奧斯汀的畫(huà)像是她妹妹卡桑德拉畫(huà)的�？墒沁@幅成年奧斯汀素描并不是出自于專(zhuān)業(yè)畫(huà)家。然而，比來(lái)一副奧斯汀家族成員持有的畫(huà)像想要出售。這幅出自專(zhuān)業(yè)畫(huà)家之手的全身畫(huà)像膳縵沔是一個(gè)少女奧斯汀。盡管這幅專(zhuān)業(yè)畫(huà)作上并沒(méi)有寫(xiě)有簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀，可是我們?nèi)允怯凶銐虻睦碛上嘈女?huà)上的人就是她。

　　First, in 1882, several decades after Austen’s death, Austen’s family gave permission to use the portrait as an illustration in an edition of her letters. Austen’s family clearly recognized it as a portrait of the author. So, for over a century now, the Austen family itself has endorsed the claim that the girl in the portrait is Jane Austen.

　　首先，在1882年，在奧斯汀棄世幾十年后，奧斯汀家族曾經(jīng)授權(quán)這幅畫(huà)作為她出書(shū)的手札集上本人畫(huà)像。奧斯汀家族當(dāng)然能夠確認(rèn)脹均畫(huà)就是作者。所以，一個(gè)多世紀(jì)曩昔了，奧斯汀家族仍是為這幅畫(huà)背書(shū)，認(rèn)為這個(gè)女孩就是簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀本人。

　　Second, the face in the portrait clearly resembles the one in Cassandra’s sketch, which we know depicts Austen. Though somewhat amateurish, the sketch communicates definite details about Austen’s face. Even though the Cassandra sketch is of an adult Jane Austen, the features are still similar to those of the teenage girl in the painting. The eyebrows, nose, mouth, and overall shape of the face are very much like those in the full-length portrait.

　　第二，這幅畫(huà)上人物的面龐和卡桑德拉畫(huà)的那幅畫(huà)很相似，而卡桑德拉的畫(huà)作上的人物確定是奧斯汀。盡管卡桑德拉的畫(huà)作略顯業(yè)余，可是仍是很好地描畫(huà)了奧斯汀面部的細(xì)節(jié)的。盡管卡桑德拉的畫(huà)描畫(huà)的是成年簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀，可是面部細(xì)節(jié)仍是同這幅畫(huà)上少女奧斯汀很是相似的。眉毛、鼻子、嘴和整個(gè)輪廓都跟這幅全身畫(huà)作很是相似。

　　Third, although the painting is unsigned and undated, there is evidence that it was painted when Austen was a teenager. The style links it to Ozias Humphrey, a society portrait painter who was the kind of professional the wealthy Austen family would hire. Humphrey was active in the late 1780s and early 1790s, exactly the period when Jane Austen was the age of the girl in the painting.

　　第三，機(jī)關(guān)這幅畫(huà)沒(méi)有簽名也沒(méi)有日期，可是確信這幅畫(huà)的繪制時(shí)刻是奧斯汀少女時(shí)代。這幅畫(huà)從氣概上看是奧扎厄斯·漢弗里的作品。他是一個(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)受雇于奧斯汀這樣富有家族的上流社會(huì)肖像畫(huà)家。漢弗里活躍時(shí)代是1780末到170歲首，而這個(gè)時(shí)代剛好恰是簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀十幾歲的時(shí)代。

　　閱讀部門(mén)需要提取的不雅概念是：

　　- Main point: 有一副畫(huà)膳縵沔的人物是簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀

　　- Sub point 1: 這幅畫(huà)獲得了奧斯汀家族的認(rèn)可

　　- Sub point 2: 面龐同簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀的另一幅畫(huà)很像

　　- Sub point 3: 氣概上看是奧扎厄斯·漢弗里的作品，此人活躍時(shí)代簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀的春秋同畫(huà)作相符

　　聽(tīng)力材料：

　　The evidence linking this portrait to Jane Austen is not at all convincing. Sure, the painting has long been somewhat loosely connected to Austen’s extended family and their descendents, but this hardly proves it’s a portrait of Jane Austen as a teenager. The reading’s arguments that the portrait is of Austen are questionable at best.

　　所有證實(shí)這幅畫(huà)上人物是簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀的證據(jù)都是不足信的。當(dāng)然，這幅畫(huà)持久以來(lái)同奧斯汀家族極其兒女連結(jié)著某種意義上的聯(lián)系�？墒�，這都不足以證實(shí)畫(huà)中問(wèn)人是少女簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀。

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