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獨(dú)立主格與獨(dú)立成分的辨析

　　導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)不是主謂完整的簡(jiǎn)單句，而只是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，而獨(dú)立成分是與全句沒有語(yǔ)法關(guān)系的句子成分。下面由YJBYS小編告訴大家如何辨析獨(dú)立主格與獨(dú)立成分，歡迎參考!

　　1.當(dāng)分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為介詞或連詞，此時(shí)也無需考慮主謂一致的問題。如：

　　considering/ given(that)…考慮到… supposing/provided/providing(that) 假設(shè)/使…，等等。

　　Supposing you are wrong, what will you do then?

　　假設(shè)你錯(cuò)了，你接下來會(huì)做什么? ( supposing為連詞，也可用suppose)

　　Supposing it should rain, we would still go.

　　即使下雨，我們還是會(huì)去。(虛擬)

　　I’ll go fishing provided (that) it is fine tomorrow.

　　如果明天天氣好的話我就去釣魚。

　　Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.

　　考慮到他們沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這工作已做的很不錯(cuò)了。(given為介詞，“考慮到”)

　　Considering that Frank did not have the potential to do the important work well, the boss fired him.鑒于弗蘭克沒有潛力把那件重要的工作做好，老板解雇了他。

　　2.有些固定短語(yǔ)是帶to的不定式，表明說話人的立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度，在句中作獨(dú)立成分。

　　這些短語(yǔ)有：to be honest(老實(shí)說)，to be sure (確實(shí))， to be true (真的),

　　to tell (you) the truth (說實(shí)話)， to cut a long story short (長(zhǎng)話短說)，to be frank (with you) (坦率地說)，to make matters / things worse (更糟糕的是)，to begin with(首先),

　　to be exact(確切地說), to do him justice (公平對(duì)待，盡量利用) 等等。

　�、賂o tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word spelling.

　　說實(shí)話，我犯了一個(gè)拼寫錯(cuò)誤。

　　②To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment to me.

　　我對(duì)這個(gè)劇非常失望。

　　③To make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work.

　　情況更糟的是，許多男人都去城市找工資較高的工作，而留下附近村莊的婦女來繼續(xù)承擔(dān)修復(fù)工作。

　　The car burns more fuel, but ___ all things into consideration, it’s still a good car.

　　A. taken B. having taken C. taking D. to take

　　答案解析：選D，獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)。

　　這輛汽車耗油量較大，但是綜合整體情況來看，它仍不失為一部好車。

　　有些分詞短語(yǔ)的形式是固定的，不受上下文影響，可以獨(dú)立存在，因此被稱為獨(dú)立成分。它并不表示句子主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，而是表示說話人的態(tài)度，它在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，作為習(xí)慣用法或固定短語(yǔ)，用來修飾整個(gè)句子。

　　這些短語(yǔ)有：Generally speaking (總的說來)，F(xiàn)rankly/properly speaking (坦率/恰當(dāng)?shù)卣f)，Judging from/by (從……判斷)，Supposing (假設(shè))，taking… into consideration(考慮到)等等。

　　① Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.

　�、� 總的說來，這條規(guī)則很容易懂。

　　Generally speaking, the novel is not very interesting.

　　總的來說，這本小說不是很有趣。

　�、� Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.

　　總的來說，女生比男生更謹(jǐn)慎。

　　④ Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?

　　說到旅游，你去過北京嗎?

　　④Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.

　　由他所說的來判斷，他一定是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。

　�、軯udging from her face, she must be ill.

　　從她的臉色看，她一定生病了。