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怎樣翻譯復雜的中文句子
我曾寫過一個帖子,介紹如何將一個復雜的英文句子翻譯成中文。昨天我收到網友“CQ美眉”的郵件,她請我再寫一個帖子,介紹如何將一個復雜的中文句子翻譯成英文,也就是再寫一個相反的帖子。這位網友還特意給我提供了一個例句,請看下面:
每一個人,作為社會的一個成員,有權享受其人格和尊嚴的自由發(fā)展所必需的社會、經濟、文化權利,這些權利是通過國家努力和國際合作來實現(xiàn)的,并且與所在國家的組織、資源、現(xiàn)狀相一致。
對于這種比較復雜的中文句子,在正式翻譯成英文句子之前,應當按照它的含義,將它劃分成不同的部分,以便我們確定英文句子的結構。我首先將這個中文句子劃分成6個部分,請?zhí)貏e注意,第4部分嵌套在第3部分中間。
、倜恳粋人,②作為社會的一個成員,③有權享受 [④其人格和尊嚴的自由發(fā)展所必需的] 社會、經濟、文化權利,⑤這些權利是通過國家努力和國際合作來實現(xiàn)的,⑥并且與所在國家的組織、資源、現(xiàn)狀相一致。
這樣劃分之后,我初步決定,將第4、5、6部分翻譯成三個定語從句,用來修飾第3部分的最后一個單詞rights,請看:
、貳veryone
、赼s a member of society
、踚s entitled to the social, economic and cultural rights
、躻hich are necessary to the unrestrained development of his/her personality and dignity
⑤which are realized through national effort and international cooperation
、辸hich are concordant with the organization, resources and situation of each country.
不過,在英語中,通常是一個定語從句修飾一個名詞,很少有三個定語從句修飾一個名詞,因此我臨時決定,將第4部分改寫成一個短語,將第5、6部分合并成一個定語句子,請看:
①Everyone
、赼s a member of society
③is entitled to the social, economic and cultural rights
、躰ecessary to the unrestrained development of his/her personality and dignity
、輜hich are realized through national effort and international cooperation and concordant withthe organization, resources and situation of each country.
最后,將這5個部分組合起來,就是這個中文句子的英文譯文。
Everyone, as a member of society, is entitled to the social, economic and cultural rightsnecessary to the unrestrained development of his/her personality and dignity, which arerealized through national effort and international cooperation and concordant with theorganization, resources and situation of each country.
另外,LT論壇的ptbptb網友另提供的一個版本如下:
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled torealization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with theorganization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rightsindispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.
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