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英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)材料及答案
從秦朝到晚清，朝廷將人民分為四個(gè)階級(jí):地主、農(nóng)民、工匠和商人。下面有小編整理的關(guān)于社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)的英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯材料，歡迎大家閱讀!
社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)
從 秦朝到晚清，朝廷將人民分為四個(gè)階級(jí):地主、農(nóng)民、工匠和商人。地主和農(nóng)民構(gòu)成了兩個(gè)主要的階級(jí)，而商人和工匠們則歸到兩個(gè)較小的階級(jí)。從理論上講，除了 帝位，其他身份都不能世襲(hereditary)。當(dāng)擁有大量土地和半農(nóng)奴(semi-serfs) 的顯赫家族出現(xiàn)時(shí)，封建主義(feudalism)就會(huì)局部復(fù)辟。他們控制著朝廷重要的.民事和軍事職位，并將任職這些職位的機(jī)會(huì)對(duì)本宗族的成員敞開(kāi)。自唐代開(kāi)始，朝廷改革了科舉制度(imperial examination system),試圖根除這種現(xiàn)象。
參考翻譯
From the Qin Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty,the Chinese government divided Chinese people into four classes:landlord, peasant, craftsman and merchant.Landlords and peasants constituted the two major classes, while merchants and craftsmen were collected into the two minor ones.Theoretically,except for the position of the Emperor, nothing was hereditary.There was a partial restoration of feudalism when eminent families with large amounts of land and huge number of semi-serfs emerged.These families dominated important civilian and military positions of the government,making the positions available to members of their own families and clans.Since the Tang dynasty,the government reformed the imperial examination system as an attempt to root out this phenomenon.
翻譯講解
1.從理論上講，除了帝位，其他身份都不能世襲:“從理論上講”可翻譯為theoretically;“帝位”可翻譯為the position of the Emperor;“世襲”可用 hereditary 表達(dá)。
2.顯赫家族:可翻譯為eminent family。
3.封建主義局部復(fù)辟:可用partial restoration of feudalism表達(dá);其中“局部的”可翻譯為partial。
考公熱
1、國(guó)家考試自古以來(lái)就存在，它可以追溯到唐朝時(shí)期，那時(shí)國(guó)家考試被稱為科舉考試。
2、雖然時(shí)代已經(jīng)改變，但人們成為官員的愿望卻越來(lái)越強(qiáng)烈。
3、通常意義上，國(guó)家公務(wù)員享有著較高的社會(huì)地位、權(quán)利與聲望，意味著穩(wěn)定的`收入，令人羨慕的醫(yī)療、養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃及其他方面的舒適生活。
4、特別是在這個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不景氣的時(shí)代，公務(wù)員對(duì)于很多人來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)很有吸引力的職業(yè)。
5、這股熱潮在未來(lái)幾年里還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。
參考翻譯
Country examination was always there, and it could be dated from the Tang dynasty when it was called Imperial examination.
Although the times have changed, the wish to be an official is becoming stronger.
Generally, civil servant can enjoy a higher social status, greater power and prestige and means a stable income, enviable healthcare and pension programme, as well as other comforts of life.
It’s quite an appealing career option to many people, especially in this age of sluggish economy.
This craze in civil servant test will continue in the following years.
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