2016英語四級(jí)時(shí)態(tài)匯總
想要學(xué)好英語四級(jí)怎么能不知道這些時(shí)態(tài)呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
基本形式(以do為例)：
第三人稱單數(shù)：does(主語為非第三人稱單數(shù)); 肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他; He works for us.
否定句：主語+don„t/doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他; He doesn't work for us.
一般疑問句：Do/Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。
肯定回答：Yes，(+ 主語+do/does).
否定回答：No，(+主語+don't/doesn't.)
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句語
Does he work for us? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't
What does he do for us? He works for us.
2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)
用法：現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
主語+be+v.ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式(其中v表示動(dòng)詞)
表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或最近在做的事。
例如：I am buying a book. 第一人稱+am+doing+sth
第二人稱+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)
第三人稱+is+doing+sth 例：He is working.
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+過去分詞(done)
�、倏隙ň洌褐髡Z+have/has+過去分詞+其他
②否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他
�、垡话阋蓡柧洌篐ave/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他
�、芴厥庖蓡柧洌禾厥庖蓡栐~+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他\ He has worked for us for ten years. Has he worked for us for ten years.
4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have been doing)
用法：表示某一動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)間，延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今，或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。
例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前為止，我們一直在處理那個(gè)項(xiàng)目，已經(jīng)花了一個(gè)多月時(shí)間了。)
注意事項(xiàng)：與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)：在從過去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間里，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
例：1997年6月四級(jí)第45 題
It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.
A) had leaked B) is leaking
C) leaked D) has been leaking
從本題上下文看，這兩個(gè)句子的意思是：“看來，這個(gè)管道漏油已有一段時(shí)間了，我們將不得不拆卸機(jī)器排除故障。”第二句表示將要采取的措施。第一句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在第二句之前，并且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在為止仍在繼續(xù)。因此，空格中需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。D) has been leaking是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此是本題的答案。有11%的考生誤選了B) is leaking。由于本句有時(shí)間狀語for some time，表示謂語動(dòng)作延續(xù)，謂語不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，必須用和完成時(shí)有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。有些考生誤選了C) leaked或A) had leaked。是因?yàn)樗麄儧]有注意到本題第二句是一般將來時(shí)，所以第一句的謂語不能用過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)。
5. 一般過去時(shí)be動(dòng)詞+行為動(dòng)詞的過去式.
否定句式：在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn„t，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞，或was/were+not; was或were放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞
例如： Did he work for us? He didn't work for us. He worked for us.
6. 過去完成時(shí)(had done)
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had+過去分詞(done)
�、倏隙ň洌褐髡Z+had+過去分詞+其他
②否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他
�、垡话阋蓡柧洌篐ad+主語+過去分詞+其他 肯定回答：Yes,主語+had 否定回答：No,主語+hadn't
�、芴厥庖蓡柧洌禾厥庖蓡栐~+一般疑問句(had+主語+過去分詞+其他) 語法判定:
( 1 ) by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. ( 2 ) by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如：
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
7. 過去將來時(shí)
過去將來時(shí)(would/ should do)
用法：表示從過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事。
be(was，were)going to+動(dòng)詞原形
be(was，were)about to+動(dòng)詞原形
be(was，were)to+動(dòng)詞原形
肯定句：主語+be(was，were)going to+動(dòng)詞原形～.
否定句：主語+be(was，were)not going to+動(dòng)詞原形～.
疑問句：Be(Was，Were)+主語+going to+動(dòng)詞原形～?
肯定句：主語+would(should)+動(dòng)詞原形～.
否定句：主語+would(should)not+動(dòng)詞原形～.
疑問句：Would(Should)+主語+動(dòng)詞原形～?
He would work for us.
例：I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.(我星期四說我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。)
8. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/ were doing)
肯定句：主語+was/were+doing+其它
否定句：主語+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑問句及答語：Was/Were+主語+doing+其它 ;答語：Yes,I主語+was/were./No,I主語+wasn't/weren't.
特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+doing+其它 He was working when he was alive.
9. 一般將來時(shí)
am/are/is+going to+do 或 will/shall+do
am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do;
一般將來時(shí)的表達(dá)方法 be going to +動(dòng)詞原形
be +不定式,be to+動(dòng)詞原形,be about to +動(dòng)詞原形
be able to +不定式 be about to+動(dòng)詞原形 will + 動(dòng)詞原形;
例如：He is going to work for us. He will work for us;
He is coming.這是特殊的用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表達(dá) 將來時(shí)態(tài) 的例子!!
例：1999年6月四級(jí)第65題
I was _______ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.
A) in B) to C) at D) on
答案是D)。on the point of doing 是固定詞組，意思是“正要、打算”。全句的意思是：“當(dāng)他的信到的時(shí)候我正要打電話給他。”
注意事項(xiàng)：
在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞(immediately, the moment, directly)等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)性或動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，可用完成時(shí)。
例：I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回來的時(shí)候，他的身體已經(jīng)好多了。)
10. 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
將來進(jìn)行時(shí)(will be doing)
用法：強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。
主語+will + be +現(xiàn)在分詞
He will be working for us.=He will work for us.
例：Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.(別擔(dān)心，你不會(huì)認(rèn)不出她的。她到時(shí)會(huì)穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。)
注意事項(xiàng)：由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)融合在一起的，所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)，可參考"一般將來時(shí)"和"現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)"的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。
11. 將來完成時(shí)
(shall)will+have+動(dòng)詞過去分詞
before+將來時(shí)間或by+將來時(shí)間
before或by the time引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)的從句
He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.
12)將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
主語+ shall/will have been doing
例：By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. (到下個(gè)月底為止，這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.
翻譯為：他最近一直在為我們工作(過去在工作，現(xiàn)在在工作，將來還會(huì)工作)
13)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
had been +-ing 分詞
例：He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.
14) 過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
should(would)+be+現(xiàn)在分詞
He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
例：The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.(政府承諾說第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。)(此句的時(shí)間狀語是具體的將來時(shí)間，所以最好用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。)(此句為被動(dòng)語態(tài))
15) 過去將來完成時(shí)
should+have been+現(xiàn)在分詞用于第一人稱
would have been+現(xiàn)在分詞用于其他人稱
例：I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.(我堅(jiān)信到那年年底為止，那個(gè)軟件的新版本將被開發(fā)出來。但是我錯(cuò)了。)(此句為被動(dòng)語態(tài))
16) 過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：should have been doing , would have been doing
例：They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. (他們說到第二個(gè)月底為止，這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。)
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