- 大學(xué)英語四級語法指導(dǎo)詳解 推薦度：
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大學(xué)英語四級語法指導(dǎo)四篇
大學(xué)英語四級常用語法精選
虛擬語氣
that從居中:
wish, would rather (sooner), had better:
I wish I were as strong as you.
I wish I had paid more attention to our pronunciation.
I wish I remembered the address.
I would rather they came tomorrow (you had gone there too).
I had rather (that) you told him than I did.
suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句:
The commander ordered that all civilians (should) be evacuated.
He asked that he be given an opportunity to try.
She urged that he write and accept the post.
it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is necessary, it is important, it has been decided 等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中.
It was arranged that they leave the following week
It will be better that we meet some other time.
suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea等后面的表語從句和同位語從句:
His sole requirement is (was) that thy system be adjusted.
在某些句型中
it is time that
It is time that we went (或should go) to bed.
It is high time we (should) put an end to this controversy.
as if (though) 引起的從句:
They talked (are talking) as if they had been friends for years.
It seems as if it was (were) spring today.
He acts (acted) as if (though) he were (was) an expert.
以lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的從句(這時(shí)謂語多用 should +動(dòng)詞原形):
He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.
He put his coat over the child for fear that (或lest) he should catch cold.
I'll keep a seat for you in case you should need it.
以whatever, whoever, no matter what這類代詞或詞組引起的'從句(這時(shí), 謂語多用may加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成):
Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.
Come what may, we will go ahead. 不管發(fā)生什么情況, 我們都要干下去.
I accept that he is old and frail; be that as it may, he's still a good politician.
我承認(rèn)他年老體衰, 然而盡管如此, 它仍是優(yōu)秀的政治家.
大學(xué)英語四級語法指導(dǎo)一
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動(dòng)詞watch， see， hear; 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈(zèng)送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的.
in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最后，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由于(相當(dāng)于since); ever since 自從…以來。
與that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個(gè)表達(dá)形式：
now that 既然，由于; in that 因?yàn)? except that 除…之外。
except后面加名詞或代詞;except that后面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學(xué)校附屬于北大。
responsible to 對…負(fù)有責(zé)任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 后悔做過某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應(yīng)用語境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業(yè); out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習(xí)。
大學(xué)英語四級語法指導(dǎo)二
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面可以加動(dòng)名詞，就可以加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
動(dòng)作發(fā)出者 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí)：名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在前文中提過時(shí)：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動(dòng)名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點(diǎn)：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動(dòng)含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動(dòng)詞watch， see， hear; 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的'父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈(zèng)送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。
大學(xué)英語四級語法指導(dǎo)三
短語部分沒有獨(dú)立主語，則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動(dòng)詞。
非謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動(dòng)詞中的分詞是用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式。如果是句子的主語發(fā)出動(dòng)作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動(dòng)作不是由句子的.主語發(fā)出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動(dòng)詞：
第一點(diǎn)：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為;這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過的事情。
注意：動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式都是動(dòng)名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面可以加動(dòng)名詞，就可以加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
動(dòng)作發(fā)出者 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí)：名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在前文中提過時(shí)：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動(dòng)名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點(diǎn)：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動(dòng)詞watch， see， hear; 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程;贈(zèng)送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動(dòng)含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
大學(xué)英語四級語法指導(dǎo)四
非謂語動(dòng)詞與獨(dú)立主格：短語，句子(或者句子，短語)
當(dāng)短語部分有獨(dú)立主語，并且該主語不同于句子主語，這時(shí)短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格。(它最明顯的特點(diǎn)是短語部分有獨(dú)立的主語)。
獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞]
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的，正在進(jìn)行的行為;過去分詞表示被動(dòng)的，已經(jīng)完成的行為。 作題時(shí)要通過判斷動(dòng)作與名詞(代詞)之間的關(guān)系來確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)作由名詞(代詞)發(fā)出時(shí)使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動(dòng)者時(shí)則用過去分詞。
1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級中的考點(diǎn)就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別。
獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當(dāng)中作狀語]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當(dāng)于and); be encouraged不會考。
動(dòng)詞不定式有預(yù)示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵(lì);
been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵(lì)完了，與主句的謂語動(dòng)詞相對;being encouraged 正在被鼓勵(lì)
短語部分沒有獨(dú)立主語，則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動(dòng)詞。
非謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞(分詞短語)
句子的主語決定非謂語動(dòng)詞中的分詞是用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式。如果是句子的'主語發(fā)出動(dòng)作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出，則使用過去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動(dòng)詞：
第一點(diǎn)：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為;這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過的事情。
注意：動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式都是動(dòng)名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
2016大學(xué)英語四級聽力10大�？紙鼍翱偨Y(jié)（4）
場景四：購物
1.采購衣服
必備詞匯表
size 型號 come in all sizes 號全
2.采購電器
必備詞匯表
model 款 discount 折扣
latest technology 最新的科技 reduce 減少
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