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大學(xué)英語六級(jí)語法
上學(xué)的時(shí)候，很多人都經(jīng)常追著老師們要知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧，知識(shí)點(diǎn)就是一些�？嫉膬�(nèi)容，或者考試經(jīng)常出題的地方。哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)能夠真正幫助到我們呢？以下是小編精心整理的大學(xué)英語六級(jí)語法，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
1) 一般否定句
I don‘t know this. No news is good news.
There is no person /not a person/not any person in the house.
2)特指否定
He went to his office, not to see him.
I am sorry for not coming on time.
I don‘t think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.
3)部分否定
I don‘t know all of them.
I can‘t see everybody/everything.
All the answers are not right.(并非所有答案都對(duì)。)
All is not gold that glitters. (閃光的不一定都是金子。)
Both of them are not right.(并非兩人都對(duì)。)
4)全體否定
None of my friends smoke.
I can see nothing/nobody.
Nothing can be so simple as this.
Neither of them is right.
5) 延續(xù)否定
You didn‘t see him, neither/nor did I.
You don‘t know, I don‘t know either.
He doesn‘t know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of French.
6) 半否定句
We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.
I know little English.
I saw few people.
7) 雙重否定
You can‘t make something out of nothing.
What‘s done cannot be undone.
There is no sweet without sweat.
No gain without pains.
I can‘t help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.
No man is so old but (that) he can learn.
8)排除否定
Everyone is ready except you.
He did nothing but play.
But for your help, I couldn‘t do it.
9)加強(qiáng)否定
I won‘t do it at all.
I can‘t see it any more.
He is no longer a boy
大學(xué)英語六級(jí)基礎(chǔ)語法知識(shí)：主謂倒裝
主謂倒裝
主語和謂語是句子的核心，它們之間有兩種語序：一是主語在謂語之前稱為自然語序(Natural Order);二是主語在謂語之后則稱為倒裝語序(Inverted Order)。而倒裝語序中又有全部倒裝(Full Inversion)和部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)兩種情況。
首先，在全部倒裝的句子中，要把整個(gè)謂語放在主語的前面去而構(gòu)成倒裝語序。
例如：
There are large numbers of students in the lecture hall.
(在There be…的句式中，There只是個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞而不是主語，真正的主語是后面作表語的名詞或者名詞短語。因此，There be…的句式都是全部倒裝的句子。)演講廳里有大量的學(xué)生。
When he ran to the door, there stood a mid-aged man with a lantern in his hand .
(此句是為了"描述情節(jié)的需要"，把倒裝當(dāng)著修辭的手段而寫成了全部倒裝句。句子的主語是a mid-aged man，謂語是stood 。)當(dāng)他向房門跑去時(shí)，那兒正立著一位手里拿著一盞燈籠的中年男人。
另外，在部分倒裝的句子中，只把謂語的一部分(如情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、或是系動(dòng)詞be)放到主語的前面去，構(gòu)成倒裝語序。例如：
Are you going to take part in the football match against Accounting Department on Friday afternoon? (句子的謂語是are going to take part，are是句子的謂語的一部分;句子的主語是you 。所以，此句是部分倒裝的句子。疑問句都是部分倒裝句。)你打算去參加星期五與會(huì)計(jì)系進(jìn)行的足球賽嗎?
Hardly could he finish his test paper when the school bell rang .(由于語法要求的原因，本句寫成了部分倒裝的句子。它的自然語序應(yīng)該是：When the bell rang, he could hardly finish his test paper.)他還未做完試卷，下課鈴就響了。
了解了倒裝語序的構(gòu)成情況后，我們?cè)賮砜纯吹寡b語序在各種不同類句子中的使用情況：
A. 在疑問句中
各種疑問句一般地說都是倒裝語序。例如：
Will they come to see us this weekend ? 這個(gè)周末他們將來看我們嗎?
Are you talking about the film you saw last Monday ?
你們是在談?wù)撃銈兩现芤豢吹哪遣侩娪皢?
Can you speak another foreign language except English?
除開英語，你還能說另一種外語嗎?
Where did you buy the dictionary, in the book store nearby or in Xinhua bookstore?
你在哪兒買的這本詞典，是在附近的書店還是在新華書店?
She is not a student, isn‘t she ? 她不是個(gè)學(xué)生，對(duì)嗎?
B. 在感嘆句中
某些感嘆句也用倒裝語序。例如：
Isn‘t it a beautiful garden ! 多么美麗的花園啊!
What a beautiful garden it is ! 多么美麗的花園啊!(在這種句式中，主語在謂語之前，屬于自然語序。對(duì)于主語和謂語而言，語序沒有倒裝。)
Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him !
你見過那個(gè)孩子像他這么調(diào)皮!
C. 在陳述句中
陳述句在一般情況下用自然語序;但由于英語語法的某些原因，陳述句也要使用倒裝語序。這些原因大致可以歸納
1) 為了避免句子部分內(nèi)容不必要的重復(fù)，常用"so + be動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語"或"neither / nor + be動(dòng)詞(助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+主語"的倒裝句式。其中第一個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的肯定情況相同"， 第二個(gè)句式表示"與前面所述的否定情況相同"。例如：
His brother is a college student; so is mine.
他弟弟是大學(xué)生，我弟弟也是。
His brother is not a college student; nor is min .
他弟弟不是大學(xué)生，我弟弟也不是。
He used to have his further study abroad; so did I.
他曾去國(guó)外深造過，我也去過。
He didn‘t use to have his further study abroad; neither did I.
他沒去國(guó)外深造過，我也沒有。
One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; so can his wife.
我的一個(gè)朋友會(huì)說三門外國(guó)語，他的妻子也會(huì)。
One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages; neither can his wife .我的一個(gè)朋友不會(huì)說三門外國(guó)語，他的妻子也不會(huì)。
They are now preparing for their final examinations; so are we .
他們正在為期末考試作準(zhǔn)備，我們也一樣。
They are not now preparing for their final examinations; nor are we .
他們沒在為期末考試作準(zhǔn)備，我們也沒有。
2)具有否定意義的詞或短語置于句首時(shí)(除否定詞修飾主語外)，句子一般要寫成部分倒裝句。這類詞或短語常見的有：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner … (than), hardly … (when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。例如：
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .
她還沒來得及坐下來，就聽見有人敲門。
Not until twelve o‘clock did he go to bed last night .
他昨晚直到十二點(diǎn)鐘才睡覺。
Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before .
我的妹妹們以前從未去過香港。
No sooner had I returned home from New Zealand than I bought a house and went to live there.我從新西蘭一回國(guó)，就買了一棟房子并在那兒住下了。
So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.
就我所知，瑪利幾乎很難回來看她媽媽。
Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fall . (否定詞修飾主語時(shí)，句子不用倒裝。) 去年秋天，這兒幾乎沒下一滴雨。
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