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考研英語(yǔ)翻譯要訣
在英譯漢過(guò)程中,有些句子可以逐詞對(duì)譯,有些句子則由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的表達(dá)方式不同,就不能用"一個(gè)蘿卜一個(gè)坑"的方法來(lái)逐詞對(duì)譯。原文中有些詞在譯文中需要詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換和結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換,才能使?jié)h語(yǔ)譯文通順自然。下面小編為大家搜索整理了考研英語(yǔ)翻譯要訣，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞
1、名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞
經(jīng)典例題: Interest in historical methods has arisen,less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
分析:interest在原文中是名詞,而在譯文中為了符合中文的表達(dá)方式,在不改變意思的前提下,將它改成動(dòng)詞。
參考譯文: 人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法,主要是因?yàn)槭穼W(xué)家們內(nèi)部分歧過(guò)大,其次才是因?yàn)橥饨绮⒉徽J(rèn)為歷史是一門(mén)學(xué)科。
經(jīng)典例題: With the click of a mouse,information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven_and_a_half times around the earth per second.
參考譯文: 只要一點(diǎn)鼠標(biāo),來(lái)自世界另一端的信息便會(huì)以每秒繞地球七周半的驚人速度傳輸?shù)侥愕碾娔X屏幕上。
2、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞
經(jīng)典例題: Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
參考譯文: 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流動(dòng)(現(xiàn)代交通工具使大量人口流動(dòng)變得相對(duì)容易)所造成的種種問(wèn)題也會(huì)增加社會(huì)壓力。
經(jīng)典例題: Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
參考譯文: 醫(yī)生們說(shuō)他們不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。
Success is dependent on his effort.
參考譯文 成功與否取決于他的努力。
3、副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞
經(jīng)典例題: She opened the window to let fresh air in.
參考譯文: 她把窗子打開(kāi),讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來(lái)。
4、介詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞
經(jīng)典例題: Many laboratories are developing medicines against AIDS.
參考譯文: 許多實(shí)驗(yàn)室正在研制治療艾滋病的藥物。
經(jīng)典例題: "Coming!"Away she skimmed over the lawn,up the path,up the steps,across the veranda,and into the porch.
參考譯文: "來(lái)了!"她轉(zhuǎn)身蹦著跳著地跑了,越過(guò)草地,跑上小徑,跨上臺(tái)階,穿過(guò)涼臺(tái),進(jìn)了門(mén)廊。
轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
1、動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
經(jīng)典例題: The university aims at the first rate of the world.
參考譯文學(xué)校的目標(biāo)是世界一流。
經(jīng)典例題: The net and electronic commerce will foster a large number of free_fancers,and this will affect social structure in a big way.
參考譯文: 網(wǎng)絡(luò)和電子商業(yè)將會(huì)造就一大批自由職業(yè)者,從而將對(duì)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
經(jīng)典例題: Numerous abstentions marked the French elections.
參考譯文: 這次法國(guó)選舉的特點(diǎn)是棄權(quán)的人多。
2、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
經(jīng)典例題: They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.
參考譯文: 他們盡了最大努力幫助病號(hào)和傷號(hào)。
經(jīng)典例題: The different production cost is closely associated with the sources of power.
參考譯文: 生產(chǎn)成本的差異與能源密切相關(guān)。
3、代詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
經(jīng)典例題: According to a growing body of evidence,the chemicals that make up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and fluids,ending up in your body.
分析: your body直譯是"你的身體",而細(xì)讀原文,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)your body是泛指人體。作者為了引起與讀者的共鳴,用了與讀者更息息相關(guān)的your。在翻譯時(shí),應(yīng)將此代詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞,體現(xiàn)其真實(shí)含義。
參考譯文 越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明,許多塑料制品的化學(xué)成分會(huì)移動(dòng)到食物或流體上去,最終進(jìn)入人體內(nèi)。
經(jīng)典例題: Though we can't see it,there is air all around us.參考譯文雖然我們看不見(jiàn)空氣,可我們周?chē)教幎加锌諝狻?/p>
4、副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
經(jīng)典例題: The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure1.
參考譯文 圖一所示是這種新型機(jī)器的簡(jiǎn)圖。
經(jīng)典例題: Internally the earth consists of two parts,a core and a mantle.參考譯文地球的內(nèi)部由兩部分組成:地核和地幔。
轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞
1、副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞
經(jīng)典例題: The engineer had prepared meticulously for his design.
參考譯文: 工程師為這次設(shè)計(jì)做了十分周密的準(zhǔn)備。
經(jīng)典例題: When tables and other materials are included,they should be conveniently placed,so that a student can consult them without turning over too many pages.
參考譯文: 當(dāng)書(shū)中列有表格或其他參考資料時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)將這些內(nèi)容編排在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?以便使學(xué)生在查閱時(shí),不必翻太多的書(shū)頁(yè)。
2、名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞
經(jīng)典例題: Most teenagers feel no difficulty in learning and operating computers.
參考譯文: 絕大部分青少年在學(xué)習(xí)和操作電腦方面并不覺(jué)得困難。
經(jīng)典例題: The instrument has been welcomed by users because of its stability in serviceability,reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance.
參考譯文: 該儀器性能穩(wěn)定,操作可靠,維護(hù)方便,因而受到用戶(hù)的歡迎。
轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞
形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞
經(jīng)典例題: The wide application of electronic machines in scientific work,in designing and in economic calculations will free man from the labor of complicated computations.
參考譯文: 在科學(xué)研究、設(shè)計(jì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)算方面廣泛地應(yīng)用電子計(jì)算機(jī)可以使人們從繁重的計(jì)算勞動(dòng)中解放出來(lái)。
經(jīng)典例題: By dialing the right number,you may be able to select a play,golf lesson or lecture in physics,from a pre-taped library in a remote city,for showing on your home screen.
翻譯要做好當(dāng)然主要還需要加強(qiáng)詞匯基礎(chǔ),可以多看看考研大綱詞匯排查文檔。