同等學力申碩英語閱讀理解習題與答案
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篇一：
Astronaut Jim Voss has enjoyed many memorable moments in his career，including three space flights and one space walk. But he recalls with special fondness a decidedly earthbound (為地球所吸引)experience in the summer of 1980，when he participated in the NASA-ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. Voss then a science teacher at West Point，was assigned to the Marshall Space Flight Center’s propulsion(推進)lab in Alabama to analyze why a hydraulic fuel pump on the space shuttle was working so well when previous seals had failed. It was a seemingly tiny problem among the vast complexities of running the space program. Yet it was important to NASA because any crack in the seal could have led to destructive results for the astronauts who relied on them.
“I worked a bit with NASA engineers，”says Voss，“but I did it mostly by analysis. I used a handheld calculator，not a computer，to do a thermodynamic(熱力學的)analysis.”At the end of the summer，he，like the other NASA-ASEE fellows working at Marshall，summarized his f’indings in a formal presentation and detailed paper. It was a valuable moment for Voss because the ASEE program gave him added understanding of NASA，deepened his desire to fly in space，and intensified his application for astronaut status.
It was not an easy process. Voss was actually passed over when he first applied for the astronaut program in 1978. Over the next nine years he reapplied repeatedly，and was finally accepted in 1987. Since then he has participated in three space mission. The 50-year-old Army officer，who fives in Huston，is now in training for a four-month mission as a crew member on the International Space Station starting in July 2000.
Voss says the ASEE program is wonderful for all involved.“It brings in people from the academic world and gives NASA a special property for a particular period of time. It brings some fresh eyes and fresh ideas to NASA，and establishes a link with our colleges and universities，”Voss explains，“There’s an exchange of information and an exchange of perspectives that is very important.”
For the academic side，Voss says，the ASEE program also“brings institutions of higher learning more insight into new technology. We give them an opportunity to work on real-world problems and take it back to the classroom.”
1.Why was the hydraulic fuel pump seal important for the space shuttle?
A. Because previous seals all failed.
B. Because it was very complex in running the space program.
C. Because great care has to be taken of the hydraulic fuel pump sealing.
D. Because any crack in the seals would cause disastrous results for the astronauts.
2.The great significance of Voss’s findings lies in .
Ⅰ. strengthening his determination to join in space flights
�、�. furthering his understanding of NASA
�、�. consolidating his astronaut status in NASA programs
A. Ⅰ only. B. Ⅱ only.
C. Ⅰ，Ⅱ and Ⅲ all included.D. Ⅰ and Ⅱ only.
3.How many flights will Voss have finished if his Four-month mission starting in July 2000 ends up successfully?
A. Three.B. Two.C. Four.D. Five.
4.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to what Voss said on the ASEE program?
A. Fresh members from the academic world participate in the program.
B. The program brings new outlooks to NASA space programs.
C. It is important for the space scientists to exchange information and perspectives.
D. American colleges and universities are a special property of NASA.
5.What does Voss want to stress in the last paragraph?
A. The technological significance of the program.
B. The educational significance of the program.
C. The philosophical significance of the program.
D. The historical significance of the program.
【答案解析】：
宇航員吉姆·沃斯的太空事業(yè)中有很多難忘的時刻，包括三次太空飛行和一次太空行走。但是，在他記憶中，讓他尤其高興的是1980年夏天的那次被地球引力所吸引的經(jīng)歷。那時他參加了NASA-ASEE組織的夏季技能協(xié)作項目。沃斯那時是西點軍校的一名科學教師，他被分配到位于阿拉巴馬州的馬歇爾太空飛行中心的推進器實驗室，去分析為什么當之前的密封墊無法正常工作時，航天飛機上的液壓燃料的密封墊卻工作得如此順利。看上去，這對于運轉一項龐大而復雜的太空計劃工作是個很小的問題。但是，對于美國航空與宇航局來說卻十分重要，因為密封墊上的任何裂縫都可能給依賴它們的宇航員帶來災難性的后果。
“我與NASA的工程師們有過一些合作，”沃斯說，“但是，我主要通過分析工作。我使用手提計算器而不是電腦進行熱力學分析�！蹦莻�夏末，他同一起在馬歇爾工作的其他NASA-ASEE的同事們，以正式的報告和詳細的論文總結了他的發(fā)現(xiàn)。對于沃斯來說，這是一個很有意義的時刻，因為ASEE計劃使他對NASA有了更多的了解，加深了他想到太空飛行的愿望，讓他更想申請當一名宇航員。
這不是個簡單的過程。1978年當沃斯第一次申請參加宇航計劃時，他的申請表被置之不理。接下來的九年里，他反復申請，到1987年時終于被接受了。從那時起，他已經(jīng)參與了三次太空任務。這位50歲的官員居住在休斯敦，現(xiàn)在正在接受訓練，他將作為國際空間站的一名成員執(zhí)行一個開始時間為2000年7月，為期四個月的任務。
沃斯說，ASEE計劃對于所有參與的人來說都是非常棒的�！霸谝粋�特定的時期，該計劃引進了學術界的人士，這給NASA帶來了一筆特殊的財富。它給NASA帶來了一些新觀念和新思想，使得NASA與大專院校建立了聯(lián)系，”沃斯解釋說，“這使他們之間可以進行重要的信息和觀點的交流�！�
沃斯說，對于學術界來說，ASEE計劃也使高等學府對新技術有了更多的了解，我們?yōu)樗麄兲峁┝私鉀Q現(xiàn)實問題的機會，并將這個機會帶回到課堂。
1.【正確答案】D
【考點類型】細節(jié)判斷
【解析過程】液壓燃料的密封墊對于太空飛船非常重要是因為什么?
A. 早期的密封全都失效了。
B. 因為運行太空項目是非常復雜的。
C. 因為人們對于液壓燃料的密封墊非常關注。
D. 因為任何液壓燃料的密封墊的破壞都會給宇航員帶來致命的災難。
線索：文章的第1段提到“Yet it was important to NASA because any crack in the seal could have led to destructive results for the astronauts who relied on them.”表明答案D為正確選項。選項A和B在原文的第1段都提到了，但和題干沒有直接的因果關系，屬于所問非所答。而選項D在原文中也是沒有提到的。
【考點提示】解答任何問題都必須能夠找到原文的線索詞，可以從兩個方面入手：①從文章的結構入手，在讀文章的時候就關注一些關鍵詞，如yet，but，however等相關的詞;②從問題的題干入手，抓住關鍵詞返回原文尋找關鍵的信息線索。
2.【正確答案】D
【考點類型】段落綜合判斷
【解析過程】沃斯發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要意義在于 。
�、�. 加強了他決心參加到太空的航行
�、�. 加強他對于NASA的理解
Ⅲ. 穩(wěn)固了他在NASA項目中宇航員的地位
A. 僅僅Ⅰ正確B. 僅僅Ⅱ正確
C.Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ全都正確D.Ⅰ，Ⅱ全都正確
線索：文章的第2段提到“It was a valuable moment for Voss because the ASEE program gave him added understanding of NASA，deepened his desire to fly in space，and intensified his application for astronaut status.“表明選項D是正確答案。選項Ⅲ和原文中的信息“讓他更想申請當名宇航員”不符合。
【考點提示】解答細節(jié)題必須拿選項和原文的信息進行對照，基本上出題老師都是對原文的信息進行改寫，同義詞替換或句型替換，所以建議同學們在翻譯部分要加強學習句子結構之間相互轉換的能力，比如：被動句和主動句的轉換，雙重否定句到肯定句的轉換等。
3.【正確答案】C
【考點類型】數(shù)字計算
【解析過程】如果沃斯2000年7月開始的為期4個月任務最終取得成功，他就將已經(jīng)完成多少次的飛行任務?
A. 3次B. 2次C. 4次D. 5次
線索：文章的第3段提到“Since then he has participated in three space mission.”和2000年7月的任務相加得出正確答案C。
【考點提示】數(shù)字計算題相對來講是比較容易的一種題型，要求同學們在理解原文具體細節(jié)的基礎之上進行簡單的運算，一般是加減法運算。錯誤選項的設計往往是把原文有的數(shù)字直接提出來，迷惑大家。
4.【正確答案】D
【考點類型】細節(jié)判斷
【解析過程】根據(jù)沃斯在ASEE項目中說的，下面哪句話是錯誤的?
A. 來自于學術領域的新成員參加該項目。
B. 項目將給NASA太空項目帶來新的前景。
C. 交流信息的觀點對于太空科學家非常重要。
D. 美國學院和大學是NASA的一個特殊財產(chǎn)。
線索：文章的第4段提到“It brings in people from the academic world and gives NASA a special property for a particular period of time.”表明僅僅是在一段時間內，該項目給NASA提供了一個特殊的財產(chǎn)(美國學術界)，所以選項D是對原文信息的擴大化，或者把原文的信息絕對化了。
【考點提示】根據(jù)題目的順序和原文的段落對應，然后再進行對照，選擇出正確答案。還是上邊提到的，出題的老師就是利用同義詞替換等一些方法迷惑同學們，這其實是閱讀的一個基本功。另外，有的選項比較絕對化而且不符合常識，那么該選項就不會是正確答案。
5.【正確答案】B
【考點類型】主旨推論
【解析過程】沃斯在最后一段強調的是什么?
A. 項目的技術重要性。 B. 項目的教育重要性。
C. 項目的哲學意義上的重要作用。D. 項目的歷史意義。
線索：文章的第5段提到“brings institutions of higher learning more insight into new technology. We give them an opportunity to work on real-world problems and take it back to the classroom.”表明選項B是正確答案。其他幾個選項是原文沒有提到的。D選項比較具有迷惑性，從常識講“歷史意義”可能是對的，但文章沒有提到，所以是不正確的。
【考點提示】緊扣原文的信息對比、審查、判斷，才能最終保證得出正確的答案。而且，要注意看似正確的選項，原文沒有提到是一定不可以選擇的，正確答案必須有它的出處。
篇二：
Visual impairment(視覺障礙)carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment until adequate orientation and mobility skills have been established. Because observational skills are more limited，self-control within the immediate surroundings is limited. The visually impaired person is less able to anticipate hazardous situations or obstacles to avoid.
Orientation refers to the mental map one has of one’s surroundings and to the relationship between self and that environment. The mental map is best generated by moving through the environment and piecing together relationships，object by object，in an organized approach. With little or no visual feedback to reinforce this mental map，a visually impaired person must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues. Landmarks and clues enable visually impaired persons to affirm their position in Space.
Mobility，on the other hand，is the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one point to another within one’s physical and social environment. Good orientation skills are necessary to good mobility skills. Once visually impaired students learn to travel safely as pedestrians(行人)they also need to learn to use public transportation to become as independent as possible.
To meet the expanding needs and demands of the visually impaired person，there is a sequence of instruction that begins during the preschool years and may continue after high school. Many visually impaired children lack adequate concepts regarding time and space or objects and events in their environment. During the early years much attention is focused on the development of some fundamental concepts，such as inside or outside，in front of or behind，fast or slow，movement of traffic，the variety or intersections，elevators or escalators，and so forth. These concepts are essential to safe，efficient travel through familiar and unfamiliar settings，first within buildings，then in residential neighborhoods，and finally in business communities.
1.How can we increase the visually impaired person’s ability to travel through his physical and social environment?
A. By helping him develop adequate orientation and mobility skills.
B. By teaching him to learn observational skills.
C. By warning him of hazardous situations or obstacles.
D. By improving his visual ability.
2.The visually impaired person’s position in space .
A. is not determined by memory but by physical landmarks and clues
B. is located in relation to other items in his mental map
C. enables him to construct the mental map
D. reinforces the mental map of his surroundings
3.Mobility skills which the visually impaired person is learning refer to the ability .
A. to travel as a dependent tourist
B. to travel as a pedestrian and a passenger
C. to travel as a pedestrian with a company
D. to travel within the safe physical and social environment
4.In the passage，the author insists that .
A. visually impaired children go to school for survival
B. the needs and demands of visually impaired children expand
C. visually impaired children acquire the fundamental concepts for safe mobility
D. preschool children receive the instruction in the concepts of time and space or objects and events
5.What is the author mainly talking about in the passage?
A. Visual impairment and memory.
B. The visually impaired person’s physical and social environment.
C. Mental development of the visually impaired person.
D. Orientation and mobility of the visually impaired person.
【答案解析】：
有視覺障礙的人如果沒有掌握足夠的定位和移動技能，他們在自然和社會環(huán)境中的行走能力會減弱或受到限制。因為在臨近的環(huán)境中的自控能力受到限制，觀察能力就更加受到限制，有視覺障礙的人不能預見應該避免的危險情況或障礙。
定位指的是一個人根據(jù)自己周圍的環(huán)境以及他自身與這一環(huán)境的關系在大腦中形成的一張腦部圖。通過在環(huán)境中移動，將環(huán)境中各個物體之間的關系一個一個地聯(lián)系起來，就能夠最好地形成這種腦部地圖。很少或根本沒有視覺反饋來加強這種腦部地圖的話，有視覺障礙的人就必須依靠對關鍵性地標的記憶和其他線索。地標和線索使有視覺障礙的人能夠確定他的位置和空間。
另外，移動指的是一個人在自然和社會環(huán)境中安全、有效地從一點向另一點行走的能力。良好的定位技能對良好的移動技能是必要的。一旦有視覺障礙的學生學會像行人一樣安全行走，他還需要學會使用公共交通工具，以便盡可能地獨立。
為了滿足有視覺障礙者不斷增長的需求，人們制訂了一系列的培訓計劃，這種培訓開始于學前階段并持續(xù)到中學畢業(yè)。許多有視覺障礙的兒童對其環(huán)境中的空間或物體以及事件缺少適當?shù)母拍�。在早期階段，培訓的重點應該放在一些基本概念的學習上，比如里或外、前或后、交通工具運行得快或慢、線路變化或交叉路口、電梯或自動扶梯等。這些概念對安全、有效地穿行于熟悉或不熟悉的環(huán)境至關重要，首先是有關建筑物內的概念，然后是有關其住宅區(qū)附近的概念，最后是有關商業(yè)區(qū)的概念。
1.【正確答案】A
【考點類型】細節(jié)判斷
【解析過程】我們如何能幫助那些有視覺障礙的人提高他們在周圍的環(huán)境中的能力?
A. 幫助他們發(fā)展充分的定位和移動的技能。
B. 教給他們學習觀察的技能。
C. 警告他們危險的環(huán)境和障礙。
D. 提高他們的視覺能力。
線索：文章的第1段提到“Visual impairment(視覺障礙)carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment until adequate orientation and mobility skills have been established.”表明A是正確答案。選項B和選項C是問題產(chǎn)生的原因，而不是解決該問題的辦法。
2.【正確答案】B
【考點類型】細節(jié)判斷
【解析過程】有視覺障礙的人在空間的位置 。
A. 不是被記憶力而是被身體特征和線索所決定
B. 通過他腦部圖中的其他事物關系定位
C. 使他能夠形成腦部圖
D. 強化他有關周圍環(huán)境的腦部圖
線索：文章的第2段提到“Orientation refers to the mental map one has of one’s surroundings and to the relationship between self and that environment. The mental map is best generated by moving.”表明選項B是正確答案。選項A和原文的第2段“...a visually impaired person must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues. Landmarks and clues...”相反。
3.【正確答案】D
【考點類型】細節(jié)判斷
【解析過程】有視覺障礙的人學習的移動技能指的是 。
A. 作為一個獨立旅行家旅行的技能
B. 作為一個行人和乘客行走的能力
C. 作為一個帶同伴的行人行走的能力
D. 在安全的自然和社會環(huán)境下行走的能力
線索：文章的第3段提到“Mobility，on the other hand，is the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one point to another within one’s physical and social environment.”表明選項D是正確答案。
4.【正確答案】D
【考點類型】細節(jié)判斷
【解析過程】本文作者強調 。
A. 有視覺障礙的孩子為了生存應該上學
B. 視覺上的需求損害了兒童的發(fā)展
C. 有視覺障礙的人獲得基本的安全移動的概念
D. 學齡前的兒童應該得到有關時間、空間或事物等概念的培訓
線索：文章的第4段提到“...These concepts are essential to safe，efficient travel through familiar and unfamiliar settings...”表明選項D是正確答案。
5.【正確答案】D
【考點類型】主旨判斷
【解析過程】本文作者主要談論的是 。
A. 視覺障礙和記憶力
B. 視覺障礙的人的自然和社會環(huán)境
C. 視覺障礙的人的智力發(fā)展
D. 有視覺障礙的人的定位和移動
從整體上看，文章討論了視覺障礙的人的方位確定和移動。
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