2017職稱英語試題
應(yīng)試者應(yīng)能綜合運用英語語言知識和閱讀技能來理解專業(yè)的或一般內(nèi)容的英語書面材料。閱讀能力主要包括以下幾個方面：1、掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意;、了解闡述主旨的事實和細(xì)節(jié);3、利用上下文猜測某些詞匯和短語的意義;4、既理解個別句子的意義，也理解上下文之間的意義關(guān)系;5、根據(jù)所讀材料進行判斷和推論;6、領(lǐng)會作者的觀點、意圖和態(tài)度。
Going Her Own Way選擇她自己的路
When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education. Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school, though some attended private Catholic "finishing" schools. There they learned a little about music, art, needlework, and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria — or her mother. By this time, she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark.
當(dāng)她12歲的時候， 瑪利亞做出了她人生道路的第一個重要決定。她決定繼續(xù)讀書。對于大多數(shù)來自中產(chǎn)階級家庭的女孩子來說，小學(xué)畢業(yè)就都選擇待在家里，盡管有一些參加了教會辦的女子精修學(xué)校。在那她們學(xué)習(xí)一些音樂、藝術(shù)、針線活，以及如何禮貌交談。這些并不是瑪利亞所感興 趣的或者可以說也不是她媽媽感興趣的。此時，她對待學(xué)習(xí)更加認(rèn)真。她不停地讀書，他走到哪里就把書帶到哪里。有一次她甚至把數(shù)學(xué)書帶到了劇院里，設(shè)法在黑暗中學(xué)習(xí)。
Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school, something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time, there were two types of high schools： the "classical" schools and the "technical" schools. In the classical schools, the students followed a very traditional program of studies, with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature, and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.
瑪利亞知道她想要繼續(xù)正規(guī)學(xué)習(xí)。她想要到公立高中去學(xué)習(xí)， 很少有女孩子這樣做。 在當(dāng)時的意大利， 有兩種形式的高中，一種是傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校，另一種是 技術(shù)類學(xué)校。在傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校中，學(xué)生們都依照一種非常 傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方式學(xué)習(xí)，包含拉丁語、希臘語及文學(xué)課，還有意大利的文學(xué)與歷史。極少數(shù)能繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的女孩們也大多選擇這類學(xué)校。
Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modern than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages, mathematics, science, and accounting2. Most people — including Maria's father—believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore, they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.
但是瑪利亞打算去技術(shù)類學(xué)校。技術(shù)類學(xué)校比傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校要現(xiàn)代得多，他們提供的課程有現(xiàn)代語言、數(shù)學(xué)、自然科學(xué)，以及會計學(xué)。包括瑪利亞父親在內(nèi)的大部分人都認(rèn)為，女孩子是不可能弄明白這些科目的。 另外，他們也認(rèn)為女孩子不適合學(xué)習(xí)這些。
Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school, she had to win her father's approval. She finally did, with her mother's help, though for many years after, there was tension in the family. Maria's father continued to oppose her plans, while her mother helped her.
瑪利亞并不在乎適合與否。數(shù)學(xué)和自然科學(xué)是她最感興趣的學(xué)科。但是在她報名之前她必須爭得她父親的同意。最后在她母親的幫助下她成功了，盡管過去很多年她的家庭關(guān)系依然很緊張。她的父親一直地 反對她的計劃，而她的母親卻幫助她。
In 1883, at age thirteen, Maria entered the "Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti" in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects, the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.
1883年，瑪利亞13歲的時候考取了羅馬的Regia Scuola Tecnica MichelangeloBuonarroti學(xué)校。她在這 個學(xué)校的經(jīng)歷對我們來說難以想象。盡管課程包括現(xiàn)代學(xué)科，而教學(xué)方式卻是十分傳統(tǒng)的。學(xué)習(xí)包括記憶長長的詞條和事件，然后向老師復(fù)述。學(xué)生們不會以任何的方式被提問或是自己思考。老師非�？量蹋n 堂紀(jì)律十分嚴(yán)格，未達標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或者不守紀(jì)律的學(xué)生會被給予嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。
discipline n紀(jì)律，學(xué)科，訓(xùn)練，懲罰
punishment n懲罰，嚴(yán)厲對待，虐待
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