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2016職稱英語綜合B級概括大意練習題及答案
2016職稱英語考試時間為3月26日，為了幫助大家能順利通過考試，下面YJBYS小編為大家?guī)砭C合B級概括大意練習題及答案，供大家參考學習，希望對你有幫助!
第一篇
Washoe Learned American Sign Language
(1)An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.
(2)Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.
In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example,Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.
(3) However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners.
He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.
(4) Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.
(5)Debate continues about chimps' understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure-- Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.
23——26概括大意
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2__________
25. Paragraph 3 __________
26. Paragraph 4 __________
A. Reason why not many scientists carry out this research nowadays
B. Report about washoe's progress in learning sign language
C. General information about washoe
D. The gardeners' contributions recognized
E. Debate on chimps' intelligence
F. Washoe's love for three young chimps
27——30完成句子
27. Washoe could make signs to communicate __________.
28. Some scientists doubted __________.
29. Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language __________.
30. The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent __________.
A. if the Gardeners' argument was sound
B. because she was cleverer than other chimps
C. when she wanted to eat
D. while she was at a research center in Ellensburg
E. because she could use sign language to ask for fruits
F. while Washoe was learning sign language
第二篇
Hurricanes (龍卷風)
(1)Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. But in 1953, females names were given because of the unpredictability (不可預知) factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist (性別歧視的) nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.
(2)Hurricanes and typhoons ( 臺風) are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the West Indian word hurricane, meaning "big wind." And if they are Pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning "great wind." To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter.
(3)Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses (凝結(jié)) from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator (赤道) . To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air,the kind of air that can only be found in tropical region.
(4)Scientists have determined that the beat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we don't know how to make sure such great energy work for us.
(5)Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location for several days. It can be maddening (發(fā)瘋的)if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.
(6) The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these,we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again.
23——26概括大意
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2 __________
25. Paragraph 4 __________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. Short history of naming hurricanes
B. Harnessing the hurricane energy
C. Difficulty in forecasting the course of a hurricane
D. Huge energy stored in a hurricane
E. Forecasting a hurricane through satellite watching
F. Different names for the same things
27——30完成句子
27. Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in consideration of__________.
28. Using weather satellites can ensure __________ of hurricanes.
29. Energy specialists may be interested in __________of hurricanes.
30. Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to__________.
A. the timely (及時的) discovery
B. convenience
C. sex equality
D. its connection with humans
E. the huge power
F. its uncertainty
第三篇
Intelligent Machines
(1) Medical scientists are already putting computer chips (芯片) directly into the brain to help people who have Parkinson's disease, but in what other ways might computer technology be able to help us? Ray Kurzweil is author of the successful book The Age of Intelligent Machines and is one of the world's best computer research scientists. He is researching the possibilities.
(2) Kurzweil gets computers to recognize voices. An example of this is Ramona, the virtual (虛擬的) hostess of Kurzweil's homepage, who is programmed to understand what you say. Visitors to the site can have their conversations with her, and Ramona also dances and sings.
(3) Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities. One of his ideas is a "seeing machine". This will be "like a friend that could describe what is going on in the visible world," he explains. Blind people will use a visual sensor (探測器) which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses. This sensor will describe to the person everything it sees.
(4) Another idea, which is likely to help deaf people, is the "listening machine". This invention will recognize millions of words and understand any speaker. The listening machine will also be able to translate into other languages, so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it.
(5) But it is not just about helping people with disabilities. Looking further into the future,Kurzweil sees a time when we will be able to download our entire consciousness onto a computer. This technology probably won't be ready for at least 50 years, but when it arrives, it means our mind will be able to live forever.
23——26概括大意
23. Paragraph 2 __________
24. Paragraph 3 __________
25. Paragraph 4__________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. A new pair of ears
B. Computers that can communicate
C. Everlasting consciousness on a computer
D. Time to break off a friendship
E. An author and researcher
F. A new pair of eyes
27——30完成句子
27. Ray Kurzweil works with computers to help people __________.
28. Ramona is able to understand__________.
29. Blind people will be able to see the world with__________.
30. People without hearing problems may also be interested in using __________.
A. what you say
B. a pair of sunglasses
C. the listening machine
D. a visual sensor
E. who have disabilities
F. living forever in a computer
答案與解析
第一篇
23.C。第一段主要介紹黑猩猩Washoe的出生地、死亡年齡、被帶到美國學習美式手語等情況。用General Information about Washoe來概括是很準確的。
24.B。第二段的關(guān)鍵句是：“In l969，the Gardners described Washoe’s progress in a scientific report.”隨后的句子簡略介紹了Washoe的學習情況和結(jié)果，如已學會250個單詞，并能用手語表達“該吃飯了”等概念。所以選項B是答案。
25.E。第三段介紹了對Gardener夫婦發(fā)表的報告的兩種不同的解讀。一派認為Washoe的手語能力只是機械重復、死記硬背、物質(zhì)激勵的結(jié)果，不是智能的表現(xiàn)。另一派認為這是智能的表現(xiàn)，其證據(jù)是Washoe還能教三個小猩猩學習手語。爭論的焦點是黑猩猩有沒有智能。選項E用debate來概括上述爭論，很恰當。
26.A。第四段解釋了為什么現(xiàn)在從事這項研究的科學家人數(shù)不多，部分原因是由于研究周期太長，所以答案為A。
27.C。題干：Washoe能通過手勢來交流。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第二段第四句，由該句可知答案為C。
28.A。題干：有些科學家懷疑。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第三段的上半段說了一些科學家對Gardener夫婦的實驗的解讀所持懷疑態(tài)度。題干中出現(xiàn)的doubted引導我們選A。
29.D。題干：Washoe教三只年幼的黑猩猩手語。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第三段的最后兩句，即“He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensbur9，Washington.There，Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees，which are still alive.”所以答案為D。
30.E。題干：實驗認為Washoe是有邏輯思維能力的。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第二段第四句：“She could request foods like apples and bananas.”根據(jù)全段意思和上述句子，選擇E是正確的。
第二篇
23.A。該段中names反復出現(xiàn)，所以names是文章中的核心詞，借助段首句和段末句的句意判斷，答案應(yīng)為A。
24.F。除了選項F以外，其余選項中的核心詞，如：hamess，forecast，store，satellite等，在文章中均沒有出現(xiàn)。
25.D。該段落中“能量”一詞頻繁出現(xiàn)，所以該詞是該段的中心詞，故可以判斷答案為B和D的可能性很大。再借助段首句和段末句的句意判斷，答案應(yīng)為D。
26.C。段首句中就出現(xiàn)了“預測”(predicting)和“困難”(difficult)，所以被選項中C和E可能是答案選項，而E中的“衛(wèi)星”在該段落中根本沒有出現(xiàn)，所以C是答案。
27.C。題干：颶風有著男性和女性的名字是考慮到__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第一段的最后一句“In l979，realizing the sexist(性別歧視的)nature ofsuch names，the lists were expanded to include both men and women.”故判斷答案為C(性別平等)。
28.A。題干：使用天氣衛(wèi)星能保證颶風的__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第六段第二句：“With these.we can see the storms form and track them fully,from birth to death.”所以答案為A。
29.E。題干：能源專家可能對颶風的__________感興趣。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第四段最后兩句，由該處提到颶風中包含的能量，可知答案為E。
30.F。題干：科學家們不能準確預測颶風的行程是因為__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第5段“Predicting the path ofa hurricane is one ofthe most difficult tasks for forecasters.It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph.But not always.”可知答案為F。
第三篇
23.B。文章第二段所舉的例子說“她被設(shè)置為可以理解你所說的話。網(wǎng)站的訪問者可以和她談話，Ramona也跳舞唱歌”。因此B項“計算機能夠交流”概括了本段大意。
24.F。文章第三段主要闡述的是視覺機器，如“這機器像一個朋友一樣，能夠描述在有形世界里正在發(fā)生的事情……該傳感器將向佩戴者描述它看到的一切”。因此F項“一雙新眼睛”概括了本段大意。
25.A。文章第四段主要闡述的是聽覺機器，因此A項“一雙新耳朵”概括了本段大意。
26.C。文章第五段主要談到“我們將能把所有意識下載到電腦里……就意味著我們的頭腦能夠永遠活下去”。因此C項“計算機上永恒的意識”概括了本段大意。
27.E。題干：Ray Kurzweil研究計算機幫助人們__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第三段和第四段提到的“Kurzweil uses this technology to help people with physical disabilities”和“Another idea,which is likely to help deafpeople”。因此E項“有殘疾的人”符合文章內(nèi)容。
28.A。題干：Ramona能夠理解__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第二段提到的“who is programmed to understand what you say”。故A項“你所說的話”符合文章內(nèi)容。
29.C。題干：盲人能夠通過__________看到世界。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第三段提到的“Blind people will use a visual sensor which will probably be built into a pair of sunglasses”，可知C項“一副墨鏡”符合文章內(nèi)容。
30.C。題干：沒有聽力問題的人也有興趣使用__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第四段提到的“The listening machine will also be able to translate into other languages.so even people without hearing problems are likely to be interested in using it…”，故C項“聽覺機器”符合文章內(nèi)容。
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