2017年職稱英語(yǔ)《衛(wèi)生類》完形填空練習(xí)題（3篇）
為了大家更好地備考2017年職稱英語(yǔ)考試，yjbys網(wǎng)為大家提供了2017年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類的試題相應(yīng)練習(xí)。以下是完形填空專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題，大家可以多加練習(xí)。
練習(xí)一：
Taking a Nap During the Day
Medical experts say most Americans do not get 51 sleep. They say more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day. They are advising people to sleep lightly before 52 with other activities.
One study earlier this year found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less 53to die of heart disease. The study followed more than 2,300 Greek adults 54 about six years. Adults who rested for half an hour 55 three times a week had a 37 present lower risk of dying from heart disease than those who did not nap.
Study organizers said the strongest evidence was in working men. They said naps might improve 56 by mitigating tension caused by work.
Some European and Latin American businesses have supported the 57 of napping for many years. They urge people to 58 work, go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States, some companies let workers rest briefly in their offices. They believe this reduces 59 and accidents, and 60 increases the amount of work a person can do.
Sleep experts say it is likely that people make more mistakes at work than at other times. They say people should not carry out important duties when they feel 61 And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap. About twenty minutes of rest is 62 you need. Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your effectiveness 63 the end of the day. But experts warn that a nap 64 last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep and waking up will be 65
51
A sweet
B sound
C bad
D enough
52
A checking
B sharing
C continuing
D meeting
53
A lovely
B likely
C fondly
D finely
54
A for
B at
C in
D with
55
A at least
B at most
C at last
D at first
56
A ability
B health
C thinking
D life
57
A experiment
B reform
C idea
D way
58
A repeat
B improve
C change
D leave
59
A work
B mistakes
C energy
D time
60
A never
B seldom
C too
D also
61
A ready
B good
C sleepy
D awake
62
A all
B few
C any
D nothing
63
A unless
B while
C until
D during
64
A would
B may
C might
D should
65
A helpful
B difficult
C easy
D happy
答案與解析
51 D本段第二句說(shuō)“more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day”，引導(dǎo)我們選擇(not)enough。因?yàn)樗卟粔�，才要中�?ldquo;打個(gè)盹”。選項(xiàng)A：文不對(duì)題。選項(xiàng)B：bad(sleep)與上下文不符，因?yàn)橥ㄆ恼聸](méi)有提到過(guò)，中午打盹的原因上晚上沒(méi)有睡好。選項(xiàng)C：明顯不合乎邏輯。“由于沒(méi)有睡不好(即：晚上睡好了)，白天還要補(bǔ)睡一會(huì)兒”，于理說(shuō)不通。所以，惟一合理的選擇是D。
52 C空格52所在句子的意思是：醫(yī)學(xué)專家建議人們?cè)谶M(jìn)行其它活動(dòng)之前，最好小睡一會(huì)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有continuing(選項(xiàng)C)最接近上述的理解。
53 B空格53所在的句子說(shuō)的是“心臟病致死”的問(wèn)題，lovely，fondly和finely分別表達(dá)“可愛(ài)”、“喜歡”和“美好”的意思，明顯不對(duì)。less likely是“可能性較低一些”的意思，選擇likely符合上下文的意思。本段最后一句說(shuō)，成年人白天打盹半小時(shí)，一周三次，其心臟病致死的概率比不打盹的人要低37%。這更證實(shí)了選likely是正確的。
54 A本句的意思是，調(diào)查進(jìn)行了六年。about six years之前要用表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的介詞for。介詞at和with明顯與about six years不搭配，而選項(xiàng)in(about six years)表達(dá)的是未來(lái)的時(shí)間，如：He will come to Beijing in one day or tw0.(他一、兩天之內(nèi)會(huì)到北京。)
55 A at first和at last明顯與本句的意思不符。若選at most(最多)，本句的意思成了“成年人白天打盹半小時(shí)，一周不得超過(guò)三次，其心及臟病致死的概率比不打盹的人要低37%”，意思有點(diǎn)令人費(fèi)解。改說(shuō)成，“一周至少三次”才說(shuō)得通。所以at least是答案。
56 B篇文章在闡述白天打盹有益于健康，選項(xiàng)B是答案。
57 C空格57所在的句子的意思是：多年來(lái)，歐洲和拉丁美洲的一些公司支持白天打盹的?(空格中填哪一個(gè)詞?)。很明顯，空格中填入experiment(試驗(yàn))或reform(改革)則離題太遠(yuǎn)，而way(方式)肯定沒(méi)有idea(想法)好。C是答案。
58 D從上下文判斷，空格58的詞應(yīng)該與“中止(work)”有關(guān)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有l(wèi)eave合乎這一條件。而其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng)repeat(重復(fù))、improve(改進(jìn))和change(改變)與后半旬的go home and have a nap搭不上。
59 B前面一句說(shuō)，美國(guó)有些公司讓職員在辦公室打個(gè)盹，這樣可以減少些事故等。填入空格59的詞應(yīng)該與accidents(事故)一樣，是一個(gè)負(fù)面意思的詞。mistakes(選項(xiàng)B)符合這個(gè)條件，是答案。reduce work/energy time都不合理。
60 D打個(gè)盹有兩個(gè)好處：1)可以減少錯(cuò)誤和事故;2)可以增加工作效率。從上下文判斷，選also。too從詞義上說(shuō)也可以，但用法上有問(wèn)題，因?yàn)?ldquo;…this…too increases the amount…”把too置于動(dòng)詞increases之前很少見(jiàn)。never和seldom的意思與上下文不匹配。
61 C前半句說(shuō)，“people should not carry out important duties…”，后半句自然會(huì)想到“when they feel sleepy”。而when they feel ready good happy都說(shuō)不通。
62 A本句的意思是：大約20分鐘的打盹是你所需要的。所以，About twenty minutes of rest is few/any/nothing you need與上述意思不符，只有until(the end of the day)才說(shuō)得通。
63 C前半句說(shuō)，“(指打盹)”后面接不搭配，只有C才是答案。
64 D本句的意思是：專家警告說(shuō)：打盹不能(或不應(yīng)該)超過(guò)30分鐘。這題選should最合適。
65 B本句表達(dá)的意思應(yīng)該是上一句“A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep”引出的結(jié)果。打盹時(shí)間長(zhǎng)了，就會(huì)進(jìn)入深睡狀態(tài)，很難醒過(guò)來(lái)。選difficult是合適的，其它三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思脫離了上下文，不會(huì)是答案。
練習(xí)二：
An Intelligent Car
Driving needs sharp eyes,keen ears,quick brain,and coordination(協(xié)調(diào))between hands and the brain.Many human drivers have all(51)and can control a fast-moving car.But how does an intelligent car control itself?
There is a virtual(虛擬的)driver in the smart car.This virtual driver has"eyes,""brains,""hands"and"feet,"too.The minicameras(52)each side of the car are his"eyes,"which(53)the road conditions ahead of it.They watch the(54)to the car's left and right.There is also a highly automatic driving(55)in the car.It is the built-in computer,which is the virtual driver's"brain."His"brain"(56)the speeds of other moving cars near it and analyzes their positions.Basing on this information,it chooses the(57)path for the intelligent car,and gives instructions to the "hands"and"feet"to act accordingly.In this way,the virtual driver(58)his car.
What is the virtual driver's best advantage?He reacts(59).The minicameras are bringing(60)continuously to the "brain."It completes the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds.(61),the world's best driver needs at least one second to react.Besides,when he takes(62),he needs one more second.
The virtual driver is really wonderful.He can reduce the accident(63)considerably on expressways(高速公路).In this(64),can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place?Experts(65)that we cannot do that just yet.His ability to recognize things is still limited.He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.
51.A.these B.them C.this D.that
52.A.in B.above C.to D.on
53.A.change B.observe C.improve D.meet
54.A.police B.traffic C.pets D.trees
55.A.button B.door C.system D.activity
56.A.calculates B.reaches C.gathers D.reduces
57.A.different B.narrow C.same D.right
58.A.stops B.finds C.controls D.selects
59.A.quickly B.cleverly C.virtually D.safely
60.A.ideas B.news C.memory D.images
61.A.so B.However C.Besides D.Therefore
62.A.action B.role C.decision D.notice
63.A.investigation B.prevention C.rate D.report
64.A.case B.method C.manner D.file
65.A.expose B.warn C.hope D.wish
答案:
51.A 52.D 53.B 54.B 55.C
56.A 57.D 58.C 59.A 60.D
61.B 62.A 63.C 64.A 65.B
練習(xí)三：
Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found
The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis. Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their 1 .Two million people die 2 it. The disease has 3 with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis.
Current treatments take at least six months. Patients have to 4 a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop 5 they feel better. Doing that can 6 to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how 7 it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients 8.It would also mean 9 infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others.
The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They 10 the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might 11 about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these 12 would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve.
The World Health Organization 13 the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make 14 they continue treatment.
Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research 15 new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.
注釋：
1.World Health Organization (WHO):世界衛(wèi)生組織
2.Harvard University ( = Harvard)：(美國(guó))哈佛大學(xué)
3.DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course):短期直接觀察治療
4.Global Alliance for TB Drug Development:全球結(jié)核病藥物開(kāi)發(fā)聯(lián)盟
練習(xí)：
1. A. kidneys B. lungs C. bones D. livers
2. A. with B. without C. of D. out of
3. A. increased B. decreased C. changed D. disappeared
4. A. make B. take C. try D. test
5. A. as if B. as though C. as far as D. as soon as
6. A. refer B. apply C. lead D. amount
7. A. effective B. ineffective C. expensive D. inexpensive
8. A. cured B. to cure C. being cured D. having been cured
9. A. many B. more C. few D. fewer
10.A. provided B. introduced C. tested D. tempted
11.A. bring about B. contributed to C. promote D. prevent
12.A. increases B. reductions C. creations D. collections
13.A. developed B. invented C. delayed D. refused
14. A. easy B. uneasy C. sure D. unsure
15. A. with B. to C. onto D. into
答案與題解：
1.B結(jié)核病多發(fā)于肺部,這是一般的常識(shí)。
2. C die of意思是“死于某種疾病”，其他三個(gè)介詞都不與die搭配。
3.A本句后半部說(shuō)到艾滋病的傳播和抗藥型結(jié)核病的出現(xiàn),那么根據(jù)推理,結(jié)核病自然應(yīng)該增加,而不可能“減少”或“消失”。至于“變化”,不應(yīng)該是結(jié)核病本身發(fā)生變化,而應(yīng)該是發(fā)病率發(fā)生變化。
4.B從本句的前后句可以推測(cè)到本句想說(shuō)的是“病人每天必須服用幾種抗生素藥物”，而服藥只能選擇take,其他幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞都不合適。
5.D答題時(shí)請(qǐng)注意句首的But這個(gè)詞,顯然與上句意思發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折,而四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中as if、as though都是“仿佛,宛如”的意思，as far as則是“至于……,就……而言”的意思,填在這里均不合適,只有as soon as (“一……就……”)才恰當(dāng)。
6. C本空白處后面有介詞to,雖然這幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)均可與to連用,但意思各不相同:refer to:“談及”，“參考”;apply to:“接洽”，“適用于”;lead to:“導(dǎo)致”;amount to:“合計(jì),總共達(dá)……”，只有選擇lead才能使本句意思完整、準(zhǔn)確。
7.A只要用心注意上面那句話就可以很容易地找到答案,顯然本句想說(shuō)“現(xiàn)在有一項(xiàng)新的研究想評(píng)估這種速效治療劑究竟效力有多大”。
8. A本句考查的是語(yǔ)法。根據(jù)所給的動(dòng)詞,我們可以猜到本句想說(shuō)的是“Joshua Salomon 說(shuō),療程較短的治療計(jì)劃可能意味著不僅僅是更多病人被治好”。這里從語(yǔ)法分析,應(yīng)該是缺一個(gè)定語(yǔ)修飾patients。cure是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,病人應(yīng)是被治療者。B項(xiàng)to cure不能表示被動(dòng);C和D雖然有表示被動(dòng)的意思,但是C是“正在被治療”，D是“已經(jīng)被治療”，二者隱含的時(shí)態(tài)在這里均不合適,只有A才是恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
9.D前句說(shuō)到更多病人可以被治愈,根據(jù)推理,后句應(yīng)該是“將感染傳遞給別人的傳染病人就會(huì)更少”，因?yàn)榍昂髢删鋵?shí)際上具有因果關(guān)系。這里必須用比較級(jí)fewer,因?yàn)閒ew是表示“不多的,幾乎沒(méi)有的”(=not many),而fewer則只是與以前比較“更少”，并沒(méi)有明確多少。
10.C只有填C項(xiàng)tested (“檢驗(yàn)”)才能符合上下文意思,其他三項(xiàng)不僅詞義不合適,詞的用法也不對(duì)。
11.D空白處的上一句實(shí)際上起到提示作用兩個(gè)月的治療方案可以防止大約20%的新病例”，后句自然應(yīng)是“也可能防止大約20%的結(jié)核病死亡”。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)詞義均相反。
12.B上面兩句說(shuō)到“可以防止大約20%的新病例和可能防止大約20%的死亡”，這自然是“降低”，絕不可能是“增加”,更不是“創(chuàng)作品”、“收藏品”。
13.A空白處的上一句實(shí)際上也起到提示作用,可以推測(cè),本句應(yīng)該是“制訂DOTS計(jì)劃”，而四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)有“制訂”的意思,計(jì)劃也不可能是“發(fā)明”，從上下文分析,更不可能是“推遲”或“拒絕”。
14.C DOTS計(jì)劃土中就包含“直接觀察”的意思,本句中也說(shuō)到“衛(wèi)生工作者監(jiān)督結(jié)核病人每天服藥”，目的自然是要“確信他們繼續(xù)治療”,C項(xiàng)make sure正是“確信”的意思。
15.D research 后面常用on 或into,偶爾也用for 或after,例如:a research for/after facts (對(duì)事實(shí)的調(diào)查)，但不與其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)連用。
譯文：第一篇 找到速效治療可以更好控制結(jié)核病
世界衛(wèi)生組織估計(jì)全球大約三分之一的人感染類導(dǎo)致結(jié)核病的病菌。大多數(shù)時(shí)候，這種感染是不活躍的。但是每年大約有800萬(wàn)結(jié)核病病例，通常是在肺部。200萬(wàn)人因此喪命。結(jié)核病發(fā)病率由于艾滋病的傳播和抗藥型結(jié)核病的出現(xiàn)而增加。
目前的治療至少需要6個(gè)月。患病者不得不每日服用多種抗生素藥品。許多人在稍感舒適后就停止使用藥品，這么做可能導(dǎo)致抗藥性感染。公共衛(wèi)生專家一致認(rèn)為針對(duì)結(jié)核病的速效治療劑將會(huì)更加有效果。現(xiàn)在有一項(xiàng)研究評(píng)估這種速效治療劑究竟效力有多大。這項(xiàng)研究由美國(guó)哈佛大學(xué)國(guó)際衛(wèi)生方面的教授率領(lǐng)。Joshua Salomon說(shuō)，療程較短的治療計(jì)劃可能不僅僅意味著更多病人被治好，也意味著將感染傳給別人的病人會(huì)更少。
研究者們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)類一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)模型來(lái)檢測(cè)兩個(gè)月治療計(jì)劃的效果。他們以東南亞目前的結(jié)核病情況來(lái)檢驗(yàn)這個(gè)模型�？茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)月的治療可以防止大約20%的新病例，也可能防止大約25%因結(jié)核病引起的死亡。這個(gè)模型表明，如果速效治療可以在2012年前研發(fā)出來(lái)并大規(guī)模使用的話，減少結(jié)核病例在2012年到2030年間就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。
世界衛(wèi)生組織在1990年制訂類DOTS計(jì)劃，DOTS意指短期直接觀察治療。衛(wèi)生工作者監(jiān)督結(jié)核病人每天服藥，以確信他們繼續(xù)治療。
今年年初，一個(gè)國(guó)際組織同盟宣布類一項(xiàng)擴(kuò)大DOTS的計(jì)劃。這個(gè)十年計(jì)劃也旨在自助新結(jié)核藥品的研究�，F(xiàn)在四種最常用的藥品也有四十多年的歷史類。全球結(jié)核病藥物開(kāi)發(fā)聯(lián)盟宣稱它的長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)是找到一種治療方法，可以通過(guò)十次劑量就有效果。
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