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2017職稱英語(yǔ)備考:如何有效利用歷年真題
真題可以毫不夸張地說(shuō)是我們準(zhǔn)備職稱英語(yǔ)考試的最寶貴資料,通過(guò)對(duì)真題的學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)達(dá)到我們提高應(yīng)試技巧,最終提高我們的考試分?jǐn)?shù),實(shí)際上是我們鉆研歷年真題的真正目的所在。但是很可惜的是,很久以來(lái)很多考生對(duì)真題的研究不夠和重視程度不夠,我們覺(jué)得大家對(duì)真題的使用應(yīng)該是多層次的、徹底的、全方位的,比如說(shuō)做完題目之后一定要對(duì)真題進(jìn)行反復(fù)的精讀,應(yīng)該要做到能夠徹底讀懂吃透真題里面的每一個(gè)印刷符號(hào)!2017職稱英語(yǔ)考試時(shí)間】
原則上來(lái)講,比如說(shuō)我們做一套真題可能只花一個(gè)半小時(shí),但是事實(shí)上大家要真的去鉆研透吸收一套真題里面所有的營(yíng)養(yǎng)和知識(shí)可能需要幾十個(gè)小時(shí),我們才能做到真正的融會(huì)貫通。做完真題之后切忌只對(duì)答案,我們答案的對(duì)錯(cuò)成敗無(wú)關(guān)重要,關(guān)鍵是要把做的真題當(dāng)中錯(cuò)了的或者說(shuō)發(fā)現(xiàn)的有用的知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行提煉、分類、整理,然后才能對(duì)真題進(jìn)行一個(gè)全方位的梳理和吸收。
有些人可能認(rèn)為真題是我們唯一應(yīng)該抓住的東西,或者說(shuō)真題至上這種說(shuō)法,或者說(shuō)只做真題就夠了這種觀點(diǎn),我們認(rèn)為這種說(shuō)法是有一定的合理性,但是也有片面性。如果說(shuō)只是從頭到尾研究真題,同學(xué)們可能會(huì)感覺(jué)到比較乏味,當(dāng)我們把真題所包含的知識(shí)點(diǎn),一個(gè)個(gè)提煉、分類、精讀,就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)歷年出卷的重點(diǎn),難點(diǎn)所在。
拓展閱讀:2017職稱英語(yǔ)備考經(jīng)驗(yàn):怎樣巧記單詞?
一、結(jié)合記憶法
將比較生疏,不常用的單詞放入一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境——句子中,結(jié)合句意來(lái)記憶單詞。遇到此單詞時(shí),若詞義忘記,則可通過(guò)回憶所在句子的意思來(lái)記憶單詞。例如:
slope
n. ①傾斜;坡度;斜度
There is always a certain slope in a ship's deck. 船的甲板總有幾分傾斜。
、谛泵;斜坡
We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我們爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。
vi. 傾斜。
The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 鐵路在此處有輕微的傾斜。
critical
adj. ①批評(píng)(性)的,吹毛求疵的
I don't like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜歡對(duì)每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。
②緊要的,關(guān)鍵的;危急的
His condition is reported as being very critical. 據(jù)報(bào)告他的情況非常危急。
通過(guò)此法來(lái)掌握詞匯,既有助于記住單詞本身的拼寫、拼讀,又可同時(shí)熟悉詞的詞義、詞性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背記單詞效果要好。
二、同類記憶法
將同類詞匯收集在一起,同時(shí)背記。注意,同類詞匯與同義詞不同:同義詞是指意思相同,而同類詞是指基本屬性相同、具體意義的層次,級(jí)別或范圍不同的一類詞匯。
如headmaster和principal是同義詞,都表示,“中小學(xué)校長(zhǎng)”;president和chancellor是同義詞,都表示大專院校“校長(zhǎng)”。這兩組詞是同類詞匯,都表示“校長(zhǎng)”,但具體級(jí)別不同,所以兩組詞不是同義詞。
再如bachelor(學(xué)士)、master(碩士),doctor (博士)三個(gè)詞都表示學(xué)位授予的情況,但具體級(jí)別不同,所以這三個(gè)詞也是一組同類詞匯。
這樣,將同類詞匯放在一起記憶,當(dāng)遇到其中一個(gè)詞時(shí),頭腦中出現(xiàn)的就是一組詞,效率大大提高了。
三、比較記憶法
把同義詞或形似詞放在一起,加以區(qū)別。記憶的過(guò)程是一組組,一對(duì)對(duì)單詞同時(shí)記憶。職稱英語(yǔ)中有很大一部分都是對(duì)同義詞或近義詞的考察,需要平時(shí)進(jìn)行記憶和積累。
例題1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.
A. started
B. finished
C. changed
D. made
答案:B
例題2:Michael is now merely a good friend.
A. largely
B. possibly
C. just
D. rarely
答案:C
Merely/ only/ just
四、構(gòu)詞法記憶法
通過(guò)掌握構(gòu)詞法來(lái)記憶單詞。英語(yǔ)主要有三種構(gòu)詞法:
1)轉(zhuǎn)化,即由一個(gè)詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個(gè)詞類。例如:
picture (n)畫-picture (v)描繪
water (n)水-water (v)澆水
例題1: He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct.
A. behavior
B. style
C. mode
D. attitude
答案:A
解釋:
Conduct (v.)引導(dǎo),管理,為人,傳導(dǎo)
Conduct (n.)操守,行為
Conductor (n.)列車員,售票員,指揮者,導(dǎo)體等
Semi-conductor 半導(dǎo)體
例題2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類C級(jí))
A. suffer
B. accept
C. receive
D. endure
答案:D
解釋:
bear (n.)熊
bear (v.)負(fù)擔(dān), 忍受, 帶給, 具有, 擠
2)派生,即通過(guò)加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞,例如:
happy→ unhappy(加前綴) happiness(加后綴)
例題1: The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類C級(jí))
A. promote
B. paint
C. polish
D. produce
答案:D
例題2: Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類C級(jí))
A. mental
B. physical
C. natural
D. hard
答案:B
man-, manu- =hand
manage(管理), manual(體力的,手冊(cè)), manuscript(手寫稿), manufacture(生產(chǎn)), manumit(釋放)
例題3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類C級(jí))
A. every year
B. severely
C. actively
D. every month
答案:A
Ann= year
Anniversaire (French)
Anniversary, annals(編年史), annuity(年金)
3)合成,即由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞。例如:
wood(木) cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)
pea(豌豆) nuts(堅(jiān)果)→ peanut(花生)
例題1: In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.
A. judgement
B. result
C. decision
D. event
答案:B
五、根義記憶法
利用根義代替記憶多義,可以解決“沒(méi)有生詞”卻老讀不懂的問(wèn)題。
比如要問(wèn)immediate(ly)是否已記住,回答當(dāng)然是肯定的。那么就請(qǐng)看下面三個(gè)“沒(méi)有生詞”的片段:
a) The woman walks immediately behind the car.
b) She is my immediate neighbor.
c) the immediate cause
若沒(méi)有讀懂,那么就請(qǐng)看immediate(ly)根義
中間沒(méi)有間隔(地)
1)(時(shí)間)立刻;
2)(空間)緊挨,通接,緊跟,
3)(關(guān)系)直接
例題1:He will leave immediately.
A. far away
B. right away
C. right here
D. soon
答案:B
例題2:Can you follow the plot?
A. change (www.yingyukaoshi.com0
B. investigate
C. understand
D. write
答案:C
請(qǐng)看下面幾句中的follow 分別都是什么意思?
She went into the building, followed by a group of students.
The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.
I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.
六、幾組對(duì)容易混淆詞進(jìn)行特別記憶
(1)有些字可當(dāng)形容詞又可當(dāng)副詞,例如: early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; deep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc.
We had an early breakfast. (形容詞)
We went by a fast train. (形容詞)
We had breakfast early. (副詞)
Don't speak so fast.(副詞)
(2)有些形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加, 不過(guò)在字義上不同。
(A) easy “安適地”; easily “容易地”:
Stand easy!
He's not easily satisfied.
(B) clear ( = completely “完全地”; clearly“顯然地”;)
The bullet went clear through the door.
The thieves got clearly away.
(C) high “高”; highly “很;非常”;
The birds are flying high.
He was highly praised for his work.
(D) Slow 和 slowly當(dāng)副詞時(shí)同義, 但 slow比 slowly語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng).
I told the driver to go slow(er).
Drive slowly round these bends in the road.
(E) hard “辛苦地”; hardly “幾乎不”;
He works hard. (= He is a hard worker.)
He hardly does anything nowadays. (= He does very little nowadays.)
(F) just “剛才;僅”; justly “公正地”;
I've just seen him.
He was justly punished.
(G) late “遲”; lately (= recently)“最近地”;
He went to bed late.
I haven't seen Mr. Green lately.
(H) Pretty (= fairly, moderately)“十分,頗”; prettily (= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”;
The situation seems pretty hopeless.
She was prettily dressed.
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