定語(yǔ)從句難點(diǎn)分析
定語(yǔ)從句一個(gè)重要語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容,我們來(lái)看看應(yīng)該怎么學(xué)習(xí)!
定語(yǔ)從句難點(diǎn)分析
首先要理解定語(yǔ)從句的概念——修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句?磦(gè)例子:she is the girl (whom) I met at the party.
從定義我們得出
1) 從句是跟在名詞或代詞之后的,并起修飾作用。
2)從句部分須缺成分,所缺的成分由先行詞充當(dāng)。分析先行詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謥?lái)確定用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。
例句中先行詞返回從句應(yīng)為:I metthe girlat the party.
The girl在從句中作賓語(yǔ),因此用關(guān)系代詞whom或省略。
咱們?cè)趤?lái)分析一個(gè)句子:I will never forget the day ____ I went to university
先行詞the day返回從句應(yīng)為:I went to universityon the day.The day在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),因此用when或on which.
再來(lái)看一下幾種定語(yǔ)從句中的稍難現(xiàn)象。
1.關(guān)系代詞前有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)加介詞的情況,如何選擇介詞?
e.g: The man ____ she is married is an engineer.
和她結(jié)婚的那個(gè)人是個(gè)工程師。
把先行詞the man返回從句為:she is married to the man.
和某人結(jié)婚的.固定搭配為:be married to sb因此介詞to不能丟。
先行詞為人,用介詞+whom.先行詞為物,用介詞+which
答案為:to whom
再看幾組:
①This is the book _____ I spent five yuan.
、赥his is the book______I paid five yuan.
、跿his is the book_____I learnt a lot.
完整的從句分別為:I spent five yuanonthe book
I paid five yuanforthe book
I learnt a lotfromthe book
答案為:①on which②for which③from which
由此我們可以看出正確的介詞是根據(jù)從句所要表達(dá)的意思和它的固定搭配選擇的。
2.As的用法
1) As用于限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只用在such ,the same的后面。請(qǐng)看例句:
a.Hewill repeat such points as are discussed in the book.
b.Such a student as works hard will be sure to succeed.
c.He is not the same playboy as we knew.
2) As引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句指代整個(gè)句子可位于句首,而which只能位于句末。
e.g: a. As is known to all, the earth is round.
b.The earth is round, which/as is known to all.
這里區(qū)別開(kāi)三個(gè)常考句式:
、Itis known to allthatthe earth is round.主語(yǔ)從句
、Asis known to all,the earth is round定語(yǔ)從句
③Whatis known to allis thatthe earth is round主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句
3.定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)插入語(yǔ)(sb thinksb knowsb believesb suppose)
時(shí),這類插入語(yǔ)不計(jì)入成分。
e.g:He is the boy____ you think is mary′s brother.
A whoB whomC /D whose
先行詞為the boy ,you think作為插入語(yǔ)不計(jì)入成分,那么the boy就作為從句的主語(yǔ)。答案為A.在做此類含插入語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句是,可直接將插入語(yǔ)刪掉,在看先行詞在從句中作甚么成分以確定關(guān)系詞。
4.以疑問(wèn)句開(kāi)始的定語(yǔ)從句需把疑問(wèn)句先變成陳述句以確定先行詞。
e.g:①I(mǎi)s this the factory____ your father works.
A thatBwhereCon whichD that one
、贗s this factory_____ we visited last year.
A whereBin whichCthe oneD at which
第一句變成陳述句為:This is the factory____ your father works.
先行詞為the factory,返回從句中應(yīng)為:your father works in the factory
因此the factory作了從句的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),選B.
第二句變?yōu)殛愂鼍錇椋簍his factory is____ _____ we visited last year.
主句缺表語(yǔ),也就是說(shuō)從句缺先行詞。在先行詞之后還需關(guān)系詞。那么,這個(gè)題需要先補(bǔ)充先行詞再確定關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)句意:這個(gè)工廠就是去年我們參觀過(guò)的工廠。先行詞應(yīng)為the factory.為了避免重復(fù),我們用the one代替。先行詞返回從句應(yīng)在visited之后作賓語(yǔ)。這樣,關(guān)系詞可用which/that或不填。答案為C.因此,做此類題時(shí)應(yīng)先把一般疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)殛愂鼍湟源_定先行詞再做。
5.That引起的定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。
來(lái)看兩個(gè)例子:①The news ______ he told us was very exicting.
、贖e has brought us the news ____ our team has won the game.
AwhatB asC thatD where
這兩個(gè)從句前都為名詞,有別于主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句。
有必要進(jìn)行比較。第一句的從句缺成分,完整從句為:he told us the news.
需要the news作從句的賓語(yǔ),因此,第一句為定語(yǔ)從句,答案為which/that
或不填。第二句中從句不需要the news充當(dāng)成分,從句完整并且是對(duì)the news
的解釋說(shuō)明,因而此句為同位語(yǔ)從句。只能由that連接。這兩題都選that,
但在第一句中它有指代作用且可以省略。而在第二句中that只起連接作用
不能省略。
6.定語(yǔ)從句與并列句的區(qū)別。
并列句有and, so, but等并列連詞連接或兩個(gè)句子用分號(hào)連接,這時(shí)就不能用引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞了。
e.g:①M(fèi)rLi has three daughters, None of____is an engineer.
、贛r Li has three daughters,but none of _____ is a dancer.
、跰r Li has three daughters;______ are doctors.
從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,①小題是定語(yǔ)從句,故用whom ;②小題有but,是并列句,故填代詞them;③小題是兩個(gè)并列分句,無(wú)需連接詞,缺主語(yǔ),故用none或they.
7.區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句
若是定語(yǔ)從句,則where前必有被修飾的表示地點(diǎn)的名詞;若where前沒(méi)有名詞則視為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。請(qǐng)比較:
、賧ou had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.
定語(yǔ)從句
②you had better make a mark where you have any questions.
地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
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