定語從句重難點(diǎn)
定語從句的重難點(diǎn)有哪些?大家知道嗎?下面小編為大家?guī)矶ㄕZ從句重難點(diǎn)，僅供參考，希望能夠幫到大家。
定語從句重難點(diǎn)
1. 做定語從句試題的基本方法
In fact the man didn’t understand the three questions ______ were asked in French.
A. where B. who C. in which D. which
此題應(yīng)選 D。從句子成分看, 修飾 questions 的定語從句缺主語, 所以不能選 A(where), C(inwhich)。又因?yàn)檫@里的先行詞(questions)是指事不是指人, 所以只能選D(which)不能選B(who)。
考生在做定語從句試題時(shí), 大體上要分清以下幾點(diǎn)：
1. 是定語從句還是其它從句( 從句意和句法 功能等方面去考慮)。
2. 是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇主要看關(guān)系詞在句中的句法 功能。一般說來, 關(guān)系代詞(that, which, who, whom 等)主要用作主語和賓語;關(guān)系副詞(when, where, why)主要用作狀語;作定語時(shí)用whose。
3. 受定語從句修飾的先行詞是指人(who, whom, that) 還是指物(that, which);是作主語(who, that, which)還是作賓語(which, whom, who)等。
4. 關(guān)系代詞可否省略(在通常情況下, 只有限制性定語從句中用作賓語的關(guān)系代詞才能省略)。
5. 是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句 (關(guān)系代詞that以及關(guān)系副詞why等均不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)。
6. 在“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)中, 介詞的正確選擇(主要看相關(guān)名詞和動詞的習(xí)慣搭配)。
2. 能用what引導(dǎo)定語從句嗎
He told me all ______ he had seen there.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
此題應(yīng)選A。容易誤選C。這里的B(which), D(when)比較好排除。
選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò), 因?yàn)楫?dāng)先行詞為不定代詞 all, little, much等時(shí), 要用關(guān)系代詞 that, 不用which。
選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò), 因?yàn)樗顷P(guān)系副詞, 只能在定語從句中作狀語, 而這里的定語從句缺賓語(即seen缺賓語), 所以不能選D。
至于選項(xiàng)C(what), 是考生最容易出錯(cuò)的, 這是因?yàn)榭忌谄綍r(shí)的閱讀中, 經(jīng)�？梢砸姷筋愃七@樣的句子：
He told me all he had seen there.
He told me what he had seen there.
由于沒有完全理解, 結(jié)果將以上兩類句型混在一起。
選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)的原因在于what不是關(guān)系詞, 所以它不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。但值得注意的是：what有時(shí)相當(dāng)于“名詞(先行詞)+關(guān)系代詞”：
他把一切都給了我。
正：He gave me what he had.
正：He gave me everything that he had.
這就是你要的東西。
正：This is what you want.
正：This is the thing that you want.
以上實(shí)例告訴我們, what 有時(shí)相當(dāng)于“先行詞+關(guān)系代詞”, 同時(shí)這也告訴我們, 這樣用的 what 前不能再有先行詞(即：what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句)。
3. 不要一見到時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)名詞就用where, when
a. I will never forget the days ______ I lived in the country.
b. I will never forget the days ______ I spent in the country.
A. that, that B. when, when C. that, when D. when, that
此題應(yīng)選D。容易誤選B�？忌e(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為, 時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)名詞后的定語從句就一定要用關(guān)系副詞when或where 來引導(dǎo)。注意在選擇關(guān)系副詞when 時(shí), 考生要明確兩個(gè)問題：一是先行詞是否是指時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞, 二是when, where在定語從句中是否用作狀語。
a句中的定語從句主語和賓語齊全, 所以可用表時(shí)間的狀語(when), 而b句中的定語從句, 顯然 spent缺賓語, 所以選關(guān)系代詞that。
考生從以上分析中應(yīng)明確這樣一點(diǎn)：選擇關(guān)系詞時(shí)一定要看它在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么成分。尤其是當(dāng)先行詞為表時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí), 千萬不要想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為一定要用關(guān)系副詞when和where來引導(dǎo)定語從句。再如：
1. a. This is the school ____ I studied last year.
b. This is the school ____ I visited last year.
A. that, that B. where, where
C. that, where D. where, that
2. a. I still remember the time ____ he was born.
b. I still remember the time ____ he told me.
A. that, that B. when, when
C. that, when D. when, that
答案：1. D 2. D
4. that與which
a. Those are the very words ______ he used.
b. This is the question about ______ we’ve had so much discussion.
A. that, that B. which, which C. that, which D. which, that
此題應(yīng)選C。關(guān)于先行詞是指物的名詞時(shí), 其定語從句是用that還是用which來引導(dǎo), 情況比較復(fù)雜：在通常情況下, 兩者有時(shí)可換用;但有時(shí)只用which(主要是引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句和直接放在介詞后作賓語);而有時(shí)則只用that 而不用which, 主要有以下情況：
1. 先行詞是下列不定代詞或受其修飾時(shí) all, much, few, little, none, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing)等：
All [Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必須做。
2. 先行詞有the very, the only, the same等修飾時(shí)：
This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有這一個(gè)。
3. 先行詞有最高級或序數(shù)詞(包括last, next)等修飾時(shí)：
This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 這是我用過的最好的詞典。
4. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)：
China is not the country (that) it was. 中國已不是過去的中國了。
5. 先行詞是一個(gè)既指人又指物的并列詞組時(shí)：
We talked about the persons and things that most impressed us. 他們談?wù)摿宋覀冇∠笞钌畹娜撕褪隆?/p>
5. who 與 that
Who ______ has seen him do not like him?
A. that B. who C. he D. she
此題應(yīng)選A。其余幾項(xiàng)均有可能被選。當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí), 引導(dǎo)定語從句是用who還是用that, 主要應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1. 在通常情況下, 兩者�？蓳Q用。
2. 在下列情況, 兩者都可用, 但用that比who更常見：
(1) 先行詞是all, nobody, no one, someone, anyone等時(shí)：
All that heard him were delighted. 所有聽了他講 話的人都很高興。
Have you met anybody that has been to Paris? 你 遇見過去過巴黎的人嗎?
(2) 先行詞受序數(shù)詞, 最高級以及only, same等修飾時(shí)：
He’s the only one among us that knows French. 他是我們中間唯一懂法語的人。
3. 在下列情況通常只用that：
(1) 當(dāng)先行詞是一既指人又指物的并列詞組時(shí)：
He made a speech on the men and things that he’d
seen abroad. 他就在國外見到的人和事作了報(bào)告。
(2) 當(dāng)先行詞是who時(shí)：
Who that has sympathy can laugh on that occasion?
有同情心的人誰會在那個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)笑呢?
(3) 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)：
Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 湯姆這孩子已不是以前那個(gè)樣子了。
6. 是非限制性定語從句還是并列句
—He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ were popular.
—It’s the same with his wife. She wrote some plays, but none of ______ was a success.
A. these, them B. which, which C. those, which D. which, them
此題應(yīng)選 D。很容易誤選A, B。選對該題的關(guān)鍵是：要注意前面一句的 none of...沒有并列連詞(說明它才是非限制性定語從句, 所以其后填which), 而后面一句的.none of...前有一并列連詞but(說明它與前面一句構(gòu)成并列句, 所以其后填them)。請做以下類似題(注意and, but等的有無)：
1. a. He has two sons, but neither of ___is clever.
b. He has two sons, neither of ____ is clever.
A. them, them B. whom, whom
C. them, whom D. whom, them
2. a. Mr Smith made a lot of money, most of____ was spent helping the poor.
b. Mr Smith made a lot of money, and most of____ was spent helping the poor.
A. it, it B. which, which C. it, which D. which, it
類似地, 以下一題也與but, and這類詞的有無相關(guān)：
3. ____many times, but he still couldn’t remember.
A. Having been told B. Being told
C. Having told D. He was told
答案：1. C 2. D 3. D
7. 你會用關(guān)系代詞as嗎
Don’t make friends with such young men ______ don’t work hard.
A. that B. as C. who D. they
此題應(yīng)選B。容易誤選A, C。句中的as是關(guān)系代詞, 句意為：不要跟工作不努力的人交朋友。此句也可換成：
正：Don’t make friends with young men who [that] don’t work hard.
正：Don’t make friends with those young men who [that] don’t work hard.
as用作關(guān)系代詞(用作主語或賓語), 主要用法如下：
1. 用在such, same, as等之后, 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句：
Don’t talk about such things as you don’t under-stant. 不要談你不懂的東西。
Such men as (= Those men who) heard him praisedhim. 聽過他談話的人都稱贊他。
I told him the same story as you told me. 我給他講的故事與你給我講的故事一樣。
2. 單獨(dú)用作關(guān)系代詞, 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 可放在主句之前(常譯為“正如”)或之后(常譯為“這一點(diǎn)”)：
As has been said before, grammar is not a set ofdead rules. 正如前面所說, 語法不是一套死規(guī)則。
He was a foreigner, as (=which) I knew from hisaccent. 他是個(gè)外國人, 這從他的口音可以得知。
If he comes late, as is usual, for another time, wewill not receive him. 如果他再像以往那樣遲到, 我們就不接待他了。
8. the way后可接how引導(dǎo)的定語從句嗎
That is ______ the boy spoke to the teacher.
A. how B. the way how C. that D. which
此題應(yīng)選 A。容易誤選B。誤認(rèn)為the way(表方式)后應(yīng)接how引導(dǎo)的定語從句(因?yàn)閔ow可用來表方式)。
其實(shí)考生只要回憶一下我們學(xué)過的關(guān)系副詞便知道：在現(xiàn)代英語中關(guān)系副詞只有when(表時(shí)間), where(表地點(diǎn)), why(表原因)等幾個(gè), 根本沒有how這個(gè)關(guān)系副詞, 所以它自然就不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。要表示類似本題的意思, 可用以下句型：
那就是他說話的樣子。
正：That’s how he spoke. (表語從句)
正：That’s the way he spoke.
正：That’s the way (that) he spoke.
正：That’s the way (in which) he spoke.
誤：That’s the way how he spoke.
我不喜歡他那樣笑她。
正：I don’t like the way he laughs at her.
正：I don’t like the way(that) he laughs at her.
正：I don’t like the way (in which) he laughs at her.
誤：I don’t like the way how he laughs at her.
他同我們說話的方式值得懷疑。
正：The way he spoke to us was suspicious.
正：The way (that) he spoke to us was suspicious.
正：The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.
誤：The way how he spoke to us was suspicious.
9. whose可以指物嗎
I saw some trees ______ leaves were black with disease.
A. its B. whose C. his D. the
此題應(yīng)選B。容易誤選A。許多考生認(rèn)為, 關(guān)系代詞whose和who, whom一樣, 只能指人, 不能指物。
事實(shí)上, 用作關(guān)系代詞的 whose 與 who, whom不一樣, 它不僅可以指人也可以指物(用作定語)：
There are some students whose questions I can’tanswer. 有些學(xué)生的問題我不能回答。
Can you see the mountain whose top is coveredwith snow? 你看得見山頂上覆蓋著雪的那座山嗎?
Here is a word whose meaning escapes me. 這里有一個(gè)詞, 我一下想不起它是什么意思了。
當(dāng)先行詞為物時(shí), 其后引導(dǎo)定語從句的 whose+n. 也可換成 the+n. +of which / ofwhich+the+n. ：
窗戶破了的那座房子是空的。
正：The house whose windows are broken is empty.
正：The house the windows of which are broken is empty.
正：The house of which the windows are broken is empty.
但是如果 whose所修飾的名詞中心詞之前有數(shù)詞或其它限定詞, 則不用 whose, 而用of which：
There I saw a large talbe, two legs of which were broken. 在那里我看見有一張大桌子, 其中有兩條腿斷了。
10. 不要在定語從句使用與關(guān)系代詞同義的人稱代詞
—This is the book that I have read ______ dozens of times.
—But I have never read ______.
A. it, × B. ×, it C. it, it D. ×, ×
此題應(yīng)選B。容易誤選C。本題第二句填代詞it, 這容易理解。而第一句不能填 it, 則是考生很容易忽視的。顯然第一句中的 that I have read dozens of times 是修飾 thebook 的定語從句, 此句中的動詞read不能再接用 it作賓語, 因?yàn)樗延匈e語that(也可省略)。
在做有關(guān)定語從句的試題時(shí), 考生千萬不要在定語從句中重復(fù)使用與關(guān)系詞(或先行詞)指代相同的人稱代詞：
我們昨晚看的電影很精彩。
誤：The film we saw it last night was wonderful.
正：The film we saw last night was wonderful.
剛才同你講話的那個(gè)人是誰?
誤：Who’s the man you just talked to him?
正：Who’s the man you just talked to?
你昨天借給我的書很有趣。
誤：The book you lent it me yesterday was very interesting.
正：The book you lent me yesterday was very interesting.
他就是去年死了妻子的那個(gè)人。
誤：He is the man whose his wife died last year.
正：He is the man whose wife died last year.
11. 要分清是定語從句還是其它從句
—Is this room ______ he lived in last year?
—Is this the room ______ he lived in last year?
A. that, that B. the one, the one C. that, the one D. the one, that
此題應(yīng)選D。容易誤選A。為了便于分析, 我們先將以上兩句還原成陳述句(注意is的位置)：
(1) This room is _____ he lived in last year.
(2) This is the room ____he lived in last year.
第1)句填the one, 用作表語, 其后的 (that) he livedin last year是用以修飾the one 的定語從句。此句若直接填that, 則不是定語從句(因?yàn)闆]有先行詞), 而是表語從句。
但是由于引導(dǎo)表語從句的that不能充當(dāng)句了成分, 而其后的介詞in又缺賓語, 所以導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤。
第2)句填 that, 它是關(guān)系代詞, 用以引導(dǎo)定語從句(he lived in last year)修飾the room。
請做以下類例試題：
(1) —Is this the book _____ you want to buy?
—Is this book _____ you want to buy?
A. that, that B. the one, the one
C. that, the one D. the one, that
(2) —Is this room ___ he lived in 5 years ago?
—Is this the room ___ he lived in 5 years ago?
A. that, that B. the one, the one
C. that, the one D. the one, that
答案：1. C 2. D
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