高中的定語從句
定語從句，一個(gè)簡單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進(jìn)行修飾限定，就叫做定語從句。下面要為大家分享的就是高中的定語從句，希望你會(huì)喜歡！
高中的定語從句1
(一)定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)
1、關(guān)系代詞:who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2、關(guān)系副詞:when, where, why
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首,主句先行詞之后,起著連接先行詞和從句的作用, 同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語)
The comrade with whom I came knows French.(whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語)
3、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法:1)當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)用who 作主語,whom作賓語;2)當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)用which ,可作主語或賓語;3)先行詞為人、物時(shí)用that ,可作主語或賓語;4)whose用作定語,可指人或物;5)關(guān)系副詞when(指時(shí)間,在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語,where(指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語),why(指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語)。
(二)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句
1、限制性定語從句:從句與主句關(guān)系密切,去掉從句,主句意義不完整,甚至不合邏輯。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.(去掉定語從句,意思就不完整)
2、非限制性定語從句:從句對(duì)先行詞關(guān)系不密切,去掉定從句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號(hào)隔開,不能that用引導(dǎo)。
e.g. Tom's father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.(who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來翻譯)
(三)使用定語從句時(shí)特別注意的幾個(gè)問題
1、that與which的區(qū)別。
1)用that而不用 which的情況:
�、傧刃性~為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, …;
�、谙刃性~有最高級(jí)修飾,有序數(shù)詞修飾;
�、巯刃性~有only, very, any等詞修飾;
�、芟刃性~既有人又有物時(shí)。
e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識(shí)的唯一的外國人。
2)用which而不用 that的情況:①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;②代表整個(gè)主句的意思;③介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。
e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格,這使他的父親很生氣。
This is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過的房子。
3)as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)的用法
�、賏s引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常用于the same … as, such … as結(jié)構(gòu)中。
e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend's. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車間使用的這種機(jī)器是中國制造的。
�、赼s引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用來修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型:as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預(yù)料的那樣,他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。
3)as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)與which的區(qū)別
�、佼�(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時(shí),用as;反之,用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
�、诋�(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時(shí),常用which引導(dǎo)。
e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn't like at all.
2. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。
e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語說得很流利。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3.定語從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞,中間由一個(gè)定語、狀語或謂語隔開。
e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can't understand.
4. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用"介詞 + which"來代替。
e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People's Republic of China was founded.
5. 當(dāng)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動(dòng)詞時(shí),短語動(dòng)詞的各個(gè)固定部分不要拆開。
e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6. 介詞在關(guān)系代詞前,只能用which和whom,且不能省略;介詞在句尾,關(guān)系代詞可有which, that, whom, 口語中也可用who,且可省略。
e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.
高中英語定語從句習(xí)題
一、把下列每對(duì)句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句:
1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.
2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.
3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.
4. The students will not pass the exam . They don't study hard.
5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.
6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.
7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.
8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.
9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.
10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.
11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.
12. That's the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.
13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.
14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven't been handed in.
15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.
16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.
17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.
18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.
19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.
20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.
二、根據(jù)句子意思,在第一個(gè)空白處填入介詞,在第二個(gè)填入關(guān)系代詞whom或which:
1. The person ________ ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.
2. The pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.
3. Wu Dong, ________ ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
4. The two things ________ ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.
5. Her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.
6. The stories about the Long March, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.
三、選擇填空:
1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.
A. who B. which C. whom D. when
2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?
A. when B. where C. which D. who
5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.
A. which B. that C. whom D. as
6. Those ____ want to go please sign their names here.
A. whom B. which C. who D. when
7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning?
A. when B. where C. which D. who
8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there?
A. who B. / C. that D. when
9. The man ____ you talked just now is a worker.
A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who
10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father's neighbour.
A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which
11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking
12. The man ____ around our school is from America.
A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed
13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard.
A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who
14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.
A. where B. who C. in which D. which
15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you?
A. that B. whom C. when D. whose
16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. that B. which C. whatever D. all
17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those
18. This is the very letter ____came last night.
A. who B. which C. that D. as
19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I.
A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one
20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.
A. where B. / C. when D. what
21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.
A. where B. that C. which D. on which
22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island.
A. which B. in which C. that D. /
23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.
A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which
24. Do you work near the building ____ colour is yellow?
A. that B. which C. its D. whose
25. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ____ she could turn for help.
A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom
26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago?
A. the one B. which C. that D. where
27. Is this the school ____ we visited three years ago?
A. the one B. where C. in which D. /
28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country?
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise.
A. it B. which C. that D. he
30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people.
A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were
31. I live in the house ____ windows face south.
A. which B. whose C. where D. in that
32. ---- What game is popular with them? ---- The ____ most is tennis.
A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it
33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.
A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which
34. The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
35. Don't forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League.
A. when B. that C. at which D. where
36. I've finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected.
A. which B. as C. that D. it
38. ____ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.
A. What B. As C. That D. Which
39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died during World War Ⅱ.
A. whose B. that C. whom D. who
40. I have bought two pens, ____ write well.
A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which
41. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind?
A. why B. which C. for that D. of which
42. He failed in the exam, ____ proves that he wasn't working hard enough.
A. which B. what C. it D. that
43. During the week ____ he tried to collect materials for his article.
A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followed
44. ____ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.
A. It B. Which C. As D. That
45. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ____ his father expected.
A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what
46. We should read such books ____ will make us better and wiser.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me.
A. when B. as C. whose D. what
48. He is absent ____ is often the case.
A. what B. which C. who D. as
49. It is the first time ____ I have come to your city.
A. that B. which C. what D. when
50. Who ____ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.
A. who B. that C. whom D. which
51. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life.
A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who
52. This is the only book ____ I can find.
A. that B. which C. it D. with which
53. I don't like ____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
54. That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
56. There was ____ to prevent the accident.
A. something could do B. anything we could do
C. nothing we couldn't do D. nothing we could do
高中的定語從句2
一、概說
定語從句即指在主從復(fù)合句用作定語的從句。定語從句通常修飾名詞或代詞，對(duì)它進(jìn)行限制、描繪和說明。受定語從句修飾的詞語叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞語叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞按其性質(zhì)又分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞不僅引導(dǎo)定語從句，同時(shí)還在定語從句充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。
如：The girl who spoke is my best friend. 講話的姑娘是我最好的朋友。
此句中，who spoke是由關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，用以修飾先行詞the girl，同時(shí)who 在定語從句中用作主語。
This is the town where I was born. 這就是我出生的城市。
此句中，where I was born是由關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，用以修飾先行詞the town，同時(shí)where在定語從句中用作狀語。
二、關(guān)系詞的用法與辨析
1. 關(guān)系詞的用法
關(guān)系詞分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞主要的有 that, who, whom, whose, which, as 等，其中who和whom 只用于指人，which和as 只用于指事物，whose和 that既可于指人也可用于指物，它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句可用作主語、賓語、表語或定語;關(guān)系副詞主要有when, where 和why，其中when表示時(shí)間，where表地點(diǎn)，why表原因，它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句中均用作狀語：
A plane is a machine that can fly. 飛機(jī)是一種能飛行的機(jī)器。(that指物，在從句中用作主語)
I have forgotten everything that I learnt at school. 我把學(xué)校學(xué)的所有東西都給忘了。(that指物，在從句中句作賓語)
The man who lives in that house is my uncle. 住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔。(who指人，在從句中作主語)
The house whose windows are broken is empty. 破了窗戶的那座房子是空的。(whose指物，在從句中作定語)
There are some students whose questions I can’t answer. 有些學(xué)生提出的問題我回答不了。(whose指人，在從句中作定語)
He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起來那么傻。(as指人，在從句作表語)
2. 關(guān)系詞的選擇
選擇關(guān)系詞可考慮以下四點(diǎn)：
(1) 一看先行詞的意義，即分清先行詞是指人、指物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是原因(如指物時(shí)不能用who或whom，指人時(shí)通常不用which等)。
(2) 二看關(guān)系詞的句功功能，即分清關(guān)系是擔(dān)任什么句子成分，是作主語還是賓語、是作定語還是狀語等(如作定語通常用whose，有時(shí)也用which;作狀語要用when, where, why)。
(3) 三看定語從句的種類，即分清是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句(如that和why通常不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)。
(4) 四看文體，即分清是正式文體還是非正式文體，是書面語體還是口語體。
3. 關(guān)系詞的辨析
(1) 關(guān)于關(guān)系代詞that與which的區(qū)別、that與who的區(qū)別、who與whom的區(qū)別、as與which的區(qū)別等。
(2) 關(guān)系副詞when, where與why的'區(qū)別是：when用于指時(shí)間，where用于指地點(diǎn)，why用于指原因：
1980 was the year when he was born. 1980是他的出生年。
This is the room where he lived. 這就是他曾住過的房間。
These are the reasons why we do it. 這些就是我們這樣做的理由。
三、關(guān)系詞的省略
關(guān)系詞有時(shí)可以省略，但這只限于限制性定語從句中，在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞則不可省略。
1. 關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)的省略
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which和that在定語從句中用作動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞位于句末時(shí)的介詞賓語時(shí)，可以省略：
Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎?
Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 剛才和你講話的人是誰?
2. 關(guān)系代詞作表語時(shí)的省略
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中用作表語時(shí)，可以省略：
China is not the country (that) it was. 中國已不是過去的中國了。(that作表語)
3. 關(guān)系代詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)的省略
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中用作賓語補(bǔ)足時(shí)，可以省略：
I’m not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所認(rèn)為的那個(gè)瘋子。(that作賓語補(bǔ)語)
4. 關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)的省略
一般說來，關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)是不能省略的，但是在以下兩種特殊情況，也可省略：
(1) 當(dāng)定語從句為there be 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，作主語的that可以省略：
I’ve told you all (that) there is to tell. 該告訴的我都告訴你了。
(2) 當(dāng)主句為there be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，在定語從句中作主語的that, which, who有時(shí)可省略：
There’s a gentleman (who) wants to see you. 有一位先生要見您。
(3) 當(dāng)主句為it is結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，在定語從句中作主語的that也可省略：
Here’s a little book (that) will tell you how to raise roses. 這是一本關(guān)于玫瑰花栽培的小冊(cè)子。
5. 關(guān)系副詞when的省略
用作時(shí)間狀語的關(guān)系副詞when通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于day, year, time等少數(shù)幾個(gè)詞后時(shí)可以省略(也可換成that)：
That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出國了。
I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們見面的那一天。
6. 關(guān)系副詞where的省略
用作地點(diǎn)狀語的關(guān)系副詞where通常不能省略，但有一種特殊情況，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少數(shù)幾個(gè)詞后時(shí)可以省略(也可換成that)：
This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 這就是他們昨天碰頭的地方。
Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有沒有一個(gè)什么地方可以讓我躺一個(gè)小時(shí)?
7. 關(guān)系副詞why的省略
關(guān)系副詞why通常只用于the reason后引導(dǎo)定語從句，且通常可換成that或for which，均可省略：
That’s the reason (why, for whih, that) he reads on Qisu English APP. 這就是他在奇速英語APP上讀時(shí)文的原因。
四、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句
1. 形式不同
限定性定語從句主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開，口語中使用時(shí)也不停頓;而非限定性定語從句與主句之間通常有逗號(hào)隔開，口語中使用時(shí)有停頓。
2. 功能不同
限定性定語從句用于對(duì)先行詞的意義進(jìn)行修飾、限制和識(shí)別，如果去掉，就會(huì)造成句意不完整或概念不清;而非限定性定語從句用于對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整：
People who take physical exercise live longer. 進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人活得長些。(若把從句去掉句子就失去意義)
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓，下星期回來。(若把從句去句子意義仍然完整)
3. 翻譯不同
在翻譯定語從句時(shí)，一般把限定性定語從句翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前，而把非限定性定語從句與主句分開：
He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽車被竊的那個(gè)人。
I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀請(qǐng)了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。
4. 含義不同
比較：
I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一個(gè)醫(yī)生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一個(gè))
I have a sister ,who is a doctor. 我有一個(gè)姐姐，她是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的。(只有一個(gè)姐姐)
5.先行詞不同
限定性定語從句的先行詞只能是名詞或代詞，而非限定性定語從句的先行詞則可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是短語或句子;另外，當(dāng)先行詞為專有名詞或其他具有獨(dú)一無二性的普通名詞時(shí)，通常要用非限制性定語從句，而不用限制性定語從句：
Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得開車很快，這是很危險(xiǎn)的。(which指drive too fast)
He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改變了主意，這使我很生氣。(which指整個(gè)主句)
Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我們的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行詞為專有名詞，要用非限制性定語從句修飾)
Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. (先行詞為表獨(dú)一無二意義的普通名詞，要用非限制性定語從句修飾)
6. 關(guān)系詞不同
關(guān)系詞that和why可用于限制性定語從句中，通常不用于非限制性定語從句;另外，在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞有時(shí)可以省略，而在非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞一律不省略。
五、緊縮的定語從句
1. 關(guān)于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式”
該結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于正式文體中，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被緊縮的定語從句：
She must have time in which to grow calm. 她必須有冷靜下來時(shí)的時(shí)間。
Allow me one minute in which to change my clothes. 給我一點(diǎn)時(shí)間換衣服。
He was miseralbe unless he had neighbours with whom to quarrel. 他要是沒有鄰居吵架就難受。
注意，該結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞不能沒有，也不能位于不定式后面：
在那兒孩子們有個(gè)玩耍的花園。
正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)
正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (較正式)
正：There the children had a garden to play in. (較口語化)
誤：There the children had a garden which to play in.
2. 將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞短語
有時(shí)為了簡潔起見可將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)化為分詞短語作定語：
Who’s the girl who is sitting beisde Jim? / Who’s the girl sitting beside Jim? 坐在吉姆旁邊的女孩是誰?
Most of the people who were invited to the party were teachers. / Most of the people invited to the party were teachers.
Anyone who touches that wire will get a shock. / Anyone touching that wire will get a shock.任何人觸到那根電線都會(huì)遭到電擊。
注意，并非所有的定語從句都能轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞短語，比如那些不能后置定語的分詞短語就不能與定語從句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換：
誤：This is the boy being from the country. (being引出的分詞短語通常不用定語，除非它是構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞)
正：This is the boy who is from the country. 這是來自鄉(xiāng)下的那個(gè)男孩。
誤：We caught the thief having stolen the car. (現(xiàn)在分詞完成式不用作定語，即使換成一般式也不對(duì)，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時(shí)它不能先于謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生)
正：We caught the thief having stolen the car. 我們抓住了偷汽車的小偷。
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