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定語(yǔ)從句的省略主語(yǔ)

時(shí)間:2024-06-29 00:30:30 飛宇 英語(yǔ) 我要投稿
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定語(yǔ)從句的省略主語(yǔ)

  關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中除作賓語(yǔ)可以省略外,在下列情況下,作主語(yǔ)也可以省略、以下是小編收集定語(yǔ)從句的省略主語(yǔ),一起來(lái)看看吧。

  1.定語(yǔ)從句中含there be,作定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。

  You must make a list of the names of the students there are in your class.

  你必須列一張你班同學(xué)的名單。

  He showed me the difference there is between what is right and what is wrong.

  他給我指出了對(duì)和錯(cuò)的不同之處。

  2.主句以there be開(kāi)始,作定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。

  There is something keeps worrying me.

  有些事一直使我擔(dān)心。

  There is a teacher here can speak Spanish.

  這里有一位老師能說(shuō)西班牙語(yǔ)。

  3.主句以that is/was開(kāi)始的句子中,作定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。

  Thats all is todays homework.

  今天的家庭作業(yè)就是這些。(all后省去that)

  Was that someone posted your letter?

  是有人幫你把信寄走了嗎?(someone后省去that)

  4.主句以here is,here are開(kāi)始,作定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。

  Here is the professor comes from the Oxford University.

  這是從牛津大學(xué)來(lái)的一位教授。(professor后省去who)

  Here are three or four of us got a full mark in the examination.

  我們這里三四個(gè)人考試得了滿分。(us后省去who)

  5.主語(yǔ)以have(意思是“有”)作謂語(yǔ),作定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。如:

  I have two more people should come to help me.

  我還有兩個(gè)人應(yīng)該來(lái)幫助我。(people后省去who)

  We have words to speak to those people will be put to do the work.

  我還有話要對(duì)派去做這工作的人說(shuō)。(people后省去who)

  英語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)省略的情況常見(jiàn)之于口語(yǔ)和非正式英語(yǔ),對(duì)我們作為非本族語(yǔ)言的人來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)該慎用。但是了解這種省略情況是完全必要的,因?yàn)檫@會(huì)有助于我們識(shí)別和理解這種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,提高我們的英語(yǔ)閱讀能力和欣賞水平。

  定語(yǔ)從句省略主語(yǔ)that

  1.關(guān)系代詞which,whom,who,that在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略.

  Here is the man (who/that/whom)youre been looking for.

  以下情況不能省略:

  (1)在介詞+whom與介詞+which中,whom,which不能省略.

  Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers?

  Thatis the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.

  注:當(dāng)介詞放在動(dòng)詞后時(shí),which,whom就可以省略.

  Who is the man (whom) you talked with just now?

 。2)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略.

  Mr Green,whom you know,is the tallest in our school.

  The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see.

 。3)在the same ...as,such...as,as...as,the same...that中,as,that即使作賓語(yǔ),也不能省略I have bought the same bicycle as you have (bought).(指同類(lèi)用as)

  This is the same bookthatI read the day before yesterday.(that指同一個(gè))

 。4)當(dāng)由and,but,or等連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的定語(yǔ)從句修飾一個(gè)先行詞時(shí),第一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞可省,但第二,第三個(gè)不可省略.

  This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting.

  2.當(dāng)that在從句中作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略.

  He is not the man (that) he used to be.

  She is all (that) a teacher should be.

  3.在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)定語(yǔ)從句,或在定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)there be 時(shí),用作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞也可省略.

  There is a man downstairs (who) wants to see you.

  This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library.

  4.狀語(yǔ)的省略

 。1)當(dāng)先行詞是reason,而且定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可用why,that,也可以省略.

  The reason (why/that) he failed was his laziness.

  Thatis the reason (why) I did it.

 。2)當(dāng)先行詞是way,且在定語(yǔ)從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可用in which,that,也可以省略.

  The way (in which/that) these comrades look at problems is wrong.

  Thatwas the way (in which/that) she worked the problem out.

  注意:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),不省略.

  例如:I dont know the waythat/ which leads to the top of the mountains.

  (3)當(dāng)先行詞是time時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可用when,that或省略.

  The second time (that) I saw him was in 1980.

  I dont know the exact time (when/that) the sports meet will take place.

  注意:關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)有時(shí)也不能省略.

  無(wú)特殊情況,關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略。

  解釋一:

  有特殊情況:定語(yǔ)從句中存在插入語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略。

  Globally, tens of millions ofmigrants

  定語(yǔ)從句省略主語(yǔ)that

  一、簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略

  在對(duì)話中,交談雙方都知道談?wù)摰膶?duì)象,則可以省略句子的主語(yǔ),省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象在交際用語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)的很多。

  1. 省略主語(yǔ)

  1)祈使句中的主語(yǔ)通常被省略如:

  (You) Open the door,please.請(qǐng)開(kāi)一下門(mén)。

  2) 其它省略主語(yǔ)多限于現(xiàn)成的說(shuō)法如:

  a) (I) Thank you for your help. 謝謝你的幫助。

  b) (It )Doesn’t matter.沒(méi)關(guān)系。

  2. 省略主謂語(yǔ)或主謂語(yǔ)的一部分

  a) (There is) No smoking. 禁止抽煙。

  b) (Is there)anything else ? 還有其他事嗎 ?

  c) (You come)This way please.請(qǐng)這邊走。

  d) (Will you) Have a smoke ? 抽煙嗎 ?

  3. 省略賓語(yǔ)

  —Do you know Mr. Li ? 你認(rèn)識(shí)李先生嗎?

  — I don’t know (him).我不認(rèn)識(shí)他。

  4. 省略表語(yǔ)

  —Are you thirty ? 你30歲了嗎?

  Yes , I am (thirty). 是的,我是。

  5. 同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分

  —Are you feeling better now? 你覺(jué)得好些了嗎 ?

  —(I am feeling ) Much better(now) 好多了。

  (I wish) Good luck (to you) .祝你好運(yùn)/祝你順利。

  二、并列復(fù)合句中的省略

  在并列句中后邊的分句可以省略與前邊分句中相同的成分。如:

  a) The boy picked up a coin in the roadand (the boy ) handed it to a policeman.

  這個(gè)男孩在馬路上拾起一枚硬幣并把他交給了警察。

  b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .

  你的建議使我高興但使湯姆生氣。

  c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework.

  湯姆肯定一直在打籃球,瑪麗一直在寫(xiě)作業(yè)。

  d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.

  高秀敏出生于1959年,傅彪出生于1963年。

  三、主從復(fù)合句中的省略

  1.狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

  一般說(shuō)來(lái)省略現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語(yǔ)從句中:

  1)由 when,while,as,before,after,till,until, once等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;

  2)由whether,if,unless 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句;

  3)由though , although ,even if,whatever等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;

  4)由 as,than 等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句;

  5)由as,as if,as though 等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句。

  上述狀語(yǔ)從句在省略時(shí)應(yīng)遵循下面原則:當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞be。如:

  a) Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .

  龐龍?jiān)?jīng)是個(gè)工人,現(xiàn)在變成一位著名的歌手。

  b) Work hard when (you are) young ,or youll regret.

  趁年輕要努力學(xué)習(xí),要不然你會(huì)后悔的。

  c) He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something .

  他到處看似乎在找什么東西。

  d) While (he was) holding talks with President Hu Jintao , US President George W. Bush thanked China for it s important role in the Six-Party Talks.

  e) The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected .

  這次展覽比被預(yù)料的有趣的多。

  f) Olympic gold medal list hurdler LiuXiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.

  奧林匹克金牌獲得者跨欄運(yùn)動(dòng)員劉翔張開(kāi)嘴好像要說(shuō)什么。

  注意:

  1) 當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí),間或也有這樣的省略,如:

  Her father told her to be careful when (she was) crossing the street.

  當(dāng)她過(guò)馬路時(shí)父親告訴她要當(dāng)心。

  2) 當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)是 it,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中又含有系動(dòng)詞be 時(shí),可以把it和系動(dòng)詞be一起省略。如:

  Unless (it is) necessary ,youd better not refer to the dictionary.

  如果沒(méi)有必要,你最好不要查字典。

  2.定語(yǔ)從句中的省略

  1) 一般說(shuō)來(lái),在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞 that,which, whom 可以省略。如:

  Is this reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

  這就是他在會(huì)上解釋他工作中粗心的原因嗎?(2002上海春季)

  注意:

  在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞 which ,whom 不可以省略。試比較:

  Tom (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.(whom可以省)

  你昨天見(jiàn)到的湯姆病倒了。

  Tom , whom you saw yesterday ,fell ill.( whom不可以省)

  湯姆病倒了,你昨天見(jiàn)到他了。

  2)在口語(yǔ)和非正式用語(yǔ)中,關(guān)系副詞when ,where , 和 why 經(jīng)常用that 來(lái)代替,甚至還可省略。如:

  a) He wants to find a good place (where/that) we can have a picnic during the “golden week ”holiday .

  他想找一個(gè)能在黃金周期間野餐的好地方。

  b) Could you tell us the reason(why/that)he was so unhappy ?

  你能告訴我們他為什么如此不高興嗎?

  3)當(dāng)先行詞為表示方式的 the way 時(shí) ,從句不能用 how 來(lái)引導(dǎo) ,應(yīng)該用that 或in which ,或?qū)⑺鼈內(nèi)渴÷。如?/p>

  I dont like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.我不喜歡你嘲笑他的行為。

  3.賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略

  1)在及物動(dòng)詞后面所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中,連詞that 一般可以省略.

  但如果及物動(dòng)詞后面是由that引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列的賓語(yǔ)從句,那么只有第一個(gè)that可以省略。如:

  a) I think (that) the reform of the renminbis exchange rate is necessary.

  我認(rèn)為人民幣兌換率的改革是必要的。

  b) He said (that) the Anti-secession lawhad been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order

  2)由 which , when ,where , how,和 why 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,可以全部或部分省略。如:

  a) I know that NBA star Yao Ming will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will come to our city).

  我知道NBA明星要到我們城市來(lái)但我不知道他什么時(shí)候來(lái)。

  b) He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why (he wants to move abroad).

  他想搬遷到國(guó)外但他的父母想知道為什么。

  4. should的省略

  在與suggest ,request ,order,advise 等詞相關(guān)的名詞性從句中,須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式“should +動(dòng)詞原形”,should可以省略。如:

  Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year (should) last long in various forms.

  法國(guó)總統(tǒng)希拉克建議中法文化年以各種各樣的形式長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)。

  5.主句省略多用于句首

  如:

  (It is a ) Pity that I didn’t go to Marys birthday party yesterday.

  很遺憾,我昨天沒(méi)有去參加瑪麗的生日聚會(huì)。

  6.在答語(yǔ)中,主句可全部省略。

  如:

  —Why were you absent from school last Friday ?

  上周五你為什么沒(méi)有上學(xué)?

  —(I was absent from school) Because my mother was ill.

  因?yàn)槲覌寢尣×恕?/p>

  四、動(dòng)詞不定式省略,只保留to 的場(chǎng)合

  1. 不定式作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。

  這些動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有:love,like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean , try , oblige , advise ,persuade , agree , want , afford , forget , remember , try , manage等。如:

  a)— You should have thanked her before you left .你本該在離開(kāi)前謝謝她。

  —I meant to,but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.

  —我本打算這么做,但當(dāng)我就要離開(kāi)的時(shí)候我卻找不到她了。

  b) You can do it this way if you like to.

  如果你想做,你可以這么做。

  2. 不定式作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)。

  這些動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有:ask , tell ,advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit , forbid,expect, order ,warn 等。如 :

  a) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ,but his mother told him not to (ride his bicycle in the street).

  男孩想在街上騎他的自行車(chē),但他母親不讓。

  b) She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to (come).

  她想來(lái),可是她父母不讓。

  3. 不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)。

  常見(jiàn)的形容詞有:happy,glad ,eager , anxious , willing , ready等。如:

  — I will be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat ?我要出差,你能幫我照顧一下我的貓嗎?

  — Not at all. I would be happy to (look after your cat).沒(méi)關(guān)系,我很愿意。

  4. 不定式作某些復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)時(shí)。常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)如:be able to,be going to, have to, ought to, used to等。如:

  He doesn’t like fish but he used to .

  他現(xiàn)在不喜歡吃魚(yú),但過(guò)去喜歡。

  注意:但不定式后有be,have時(shí),也保留be和have。如:

  ——Are you a quite man?你是個(gè)安靜的人嗎?

  ——No, I am not. But I used to be.不,不是。但是我曾經(jīng)是。

  五、動(dòng)詞不定式to 的省略

  1. 主語(yǔ)部分有to do,系動(dòng)詞 is 或 was 時(shí) ,作表語(yǔ)的不定式通常省去to。如:

  The only thing you have to do is press the button.你必須做的惟一事情是按按鈕。

  2. 作介詞but ,expect ,besides 的賓語(yǔ),前面又有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 do時(shí),不定式通常省去to。如:

  He said that Ben had nothing to do except push a pro-“independence” timetable.

  3. 主語(yǔ)部分暗含to do,表語(yǔ)中的不定式通常省去to。

  如:All I want (to do) is go to school and study hard .

  我想要(做)的就是上學(xué),努力學(xué)習(xí)。

  4. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定式并列時(shí),其后的不定式符號(hào)可以省略,但有對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí)不可省略。

  如:It is easier to say than to do .

  說(shuō)起來(lái)容易,做起來(lái)難。

  5. 在would rather…than… 等結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式符號(hào)常常要省略。

  如:I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.

  我寧愿呆在家也不愿去看電影。

  6. 在see ,watch ,notice ,hear,listen to ,look at ,feel ,have, make, let ,observe 等詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)省略不定式符號(hào)to。

  如:I saw her enter the room.

  我看見(jiàn)她進(jìn)入了房間

  7. why (not) do 結(jié)構(gòu) 中,不定式也不帶to。

  如:Why not join us ?

  為什么不加入到我們的行列里來(lái)呢?

  六、虛擬條件句中的省略

  在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中,可省去if,此時(shí),須把were、had或shoud提到主語(yǔ)前,

  如:If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

  = Were I a teacher, I would be stric twith my students.如果我是老師,我會(huì)對(duì)我的學(xué)生非常嚴(yán)格。

  七、so和not的替代性省略

  為了避免重復(fù)前面所說(shuō)過(guò)的內(nèi)容,替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句。可與believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I’m afraid等連用。

  如:——Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? 你猜他會(huì)參加婚禮嗎?

  —— I suppose not.我猜不會(huì)。

  八、其他一些省略結(jié)構(gòu)

  1. 名詞所有格修飾的名詞,若表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過(guò)的事物時(shí),常?梢允÷。

  如:We spent the weekend at the Marys.

  我們?cè)诂旣惣疫^(guò)的周末。

  2. What和 how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中,常可省略主語(yǔ) it 和be動(dòng)詞

  如:a) What a wonderful victory (it is )for Tom !

  這對(duì)Tom來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)多么大的勝利呀!

  b) How beautiful (it is ) to be treated like a normal child.

  被當(dāng)作一個(gè)正常孩子對(duì)待對(duì)他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。

  3. 情景會(huì)話中,在不引起歧義的情況下,答語(yǔ)常常省略主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),而只保留對(duì)方希望了解的內(nèi)容。

  ——How many copies do you want? 你想要多少冊(cè)?

  ——(I want) Three copies,please. 三冊(cè)。

  ——Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎?

  ——No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall). 從沒(méi)去過(guò)。

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