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定語(yǔ)從句作狀語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)從句是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句,其作用是作定語(yǔ)修飾主句的某個(gè)名詞性成分,相當(dāng)于形容詞,所以又稱為形容詞性從句,一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。定語(yǔ)從句作狀語(yǔ)又是怎樣的情況?下面我們?nèi)タ纯窗?
定語(yǔ)從句作狀語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語(yǔ),修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞.定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ).
1)when,where,why 關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。
例如:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候.Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關(guān)系副詞 that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when,where,why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略。
例如:His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了.He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方.
定語(yǔ)從句講解與練習(xí)
一.定義:
在復(fù)合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。
二.特點(diǎn):
1.先行詞:定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞
2. 關(guān)聯(lián)詞:
1)引出定語(yǔ)從句,并作從句的一個(gè)成分。可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)可省略。
2)關(guān)聯(lián)詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)聯(lián)詞位于先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間。
關(guān)系代詞:that, which, who, whom, whose代指先行詞。
關(guān)系副詞:when, where, why作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
三.基本結(jié)構(gòu):
先行詞+關(guān)聯(lián)詞+定語(yǔ)從句剩余部分
四.關(guān)系代詞的`用法:
1. that 和which
that指人或物,作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)可省略,主語(yǔ)不能。
Which指物,不指人,作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)可省略,主語(yǔ)不能。
His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.
Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?
The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.
注意:The room in which I live is very big. (在介詞后面不能用that)
2.只能用that不能用which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句:
1) 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句只能用that
This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.
2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句只能用that
The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.
3)先行詞被the only,the very 或the same等修飾,定語(yǔ)從句只能用that引導(dǎo)。
It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.
Where is the very book (that) I bought just now?
This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.
4)先行詞為everything,something,anything,all,none,much,little,few等不定代詞時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句只能用that
I want everything (that) I want.
I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.
5)先行詞被不定代詞all, any, no, every, little, much, many修飾時(shí),只能用that
Here is all the money (that) I have.
6)先行詞是同時(shí)含有“人和物”的名詞時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句只能用that
I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.
7)定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞為the one 時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)
Is it the one(that)you want?
8)為了避免重復(fù),在疑問詞who之后,用that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
Who is the girl that won the first place?
3. who和whom
who指人,在句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)可省略。
Whom指人,在句中只能作賓語(yǔ),可省略,但在介詞后面不能省略。
Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to?
The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.
=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.
五.關(guān)系副詞的用法:
1. when指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. when=on which
2.where 指地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
3.why指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),其先行詞只有表示原因的reason一詞.
We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.
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