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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法高中定語(yǔ)從句

時(shí)間:2021-07-05 15:42:15 英語(yǔ) 我要投稿

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法高中定語(yǔ)從句

  英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)分屬兩種不同的語(yǔ)系,其差別很大,翻譯起來(lái)有諸多困難,英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句的漢譯便是困難之一。由于定語(yǔ)從句在英語(yǔ)中應(yīng)用十分廣泛,因此,我們必須想辦法、找方法、尋規(guī)律,從而很好地解決它。如下是小編給大家整理的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法高中定語(yǔ)從句,希望對(duì)大家有所作用。

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法高中定語(yǔ)從句

  一、定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

  1、一共有9個(gè):who, whom ,whose, that,which, when,where, why,as

  與名詞從句相比:定從不能由what和how引導(dǎo);which的含義改變;定從內(nèi)部的介詞可以放引導(dǎo)詞前。

  2、引導(dǎo)詞的功能有哪些?

 。1)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

 。2)代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。(先行詞在從句中不再出現(xiàn))

  二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵

  1、首先,要能判斷出該從句是什么從句:

 。1)放句首沒(méi)有用逗號(hào)分開的,一般是主語(yǔ)從句,也有可能是狀語(yǔ)從句,但從句結(jié)束后若有體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞,則一定是主語(yǔ)從句。

  (2)放及物動(dòng)詞后,若及物動(dòng)詞不是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),后面一定是賓語(yǔ)從句;若該及物動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),后面一般是主語(yǔ)從句(It+ is + adj/n./done+that/whether/when…)或狀語(yǔ)從句。

 。3)放be動(dòng)詞后,后面一定是表語(yǔ)從句,但 “It is/was + 從句(被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分) + that”是強(qiáng)調(diào)句(強(qiáng)調(diào)句中“非謂語(yǔ)”)。

 。4)放名詞后,一般是定語(yǔ)從句,但若該名詞有“內(nèi)涵/內(nèi)容”(fact/truth/news/information/ problem/suggestion), 則很可能是同位語(yǔ)從句。

 。5)用逗號(hào)分開的從句,一般是狀語(yǔ)從句或 as/which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,也要注意用放在句中用逗號(hào)分開的“插入語(yǔ)”(however, for example,believe it or not等)。

  2、其次,判斷出是定語(yǔ)從句后可以用“三個(gè)優(yōu)先”法做題:

 。1)優(yōu)先選擇含whose的選項(xiàng),能與空格后的名詞構(gòu)成“某人的某物”搭配,一般就是答案;

 。2)優(yōu)先選擇含介詞的選項(xiàng),然后看該介詞與從句中的謂語(yǔ)是否能構(gòu)成符合邏輯的搭配;

 。3)用逗號(hào)分開的定從,優(yōu)先考慮as和which,若該空能翻譯為“一件事”而從句意思是通順的,則放句首就用as,句末用which(若該空能翻譯為“如同”“像…一樣”則應(yīng)用as)

  3、再次,做定語(yǔ)從句題可以用“三問(wèn)法”來(lái)檢測(cè)是否出錯(cuò):

 。1)先行詞本身是否為特殊的詞?

  way+ in which/that/省略

  指物的不定代詞:anything, one, some,many, a lot, all, both, that等 + that

  指人的不定代詞或數(shù)詞:one, those, anyone, two等 + who

  既有人又有物: + that

  “抽象的地點(diǎn)”condition, situation,case, point + where

  “抽象的時(shí)間”one’s stay/visit + when

  在特定語(yǔ)境中可以作“地點(diǎn)/位置”理解的詞:trousers/ sleeves + where

 。2)先行詞前面有無(wú)特殊的詞?

  有不定代詞修飾:all/every/little/much+ …+ that

  有最高級(jí)/序數(shù)詞修飾:the best/second … + that

  有just the/ the very/ the only/ the last等修飾:+ that

  有who/which疑問(wèn)詞:+ that(避免重復(fù))

  有the same/ such/ as修飾:一般+ as

 。ㄗ⒁猓 ①第一個(gè)as是否為一個(gè)以as結(jié)尾的搭配,如regard…as;

 、趨^(qū)分such…as(定從)與such …that“如此…以至于”)

 。3)先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分?

  注意:從句中spend后的“時(shí)間”,以及visit后的“地點(diǎn)”,不是狀語(yǔ),而是賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)該用不定代詞

  4、只能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句有哪些情況?

  先行詞前為all, everything, nothing,something, anything, little, much等不定代詞時(shí);

  先行詞前有:all, every, no, some, any,little, much, few等不定代詞修飾時(shí);

  先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí);

  先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);

  先行詞前only, just, very, last有等修飾時(shí);

  先行詞是表示人和物混雜的兩個(gè)名詞時(shí);

  主句是以who, which,開頭的疑問(wèn)句或先行詞是疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí);

  在修飾時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等先行詞時(shí),只有用that代替when, where等引導(dǎo)詞;

  【例】I'll never forget the Sunday (that) you first arrived.

  Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink ?

  先行詞為reason, way (意為“方法”)時(shí),常用that 代替why,which, in which,也可省略。

  引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí),多用that引導(dǎo)。

  先行詞是主句表語(yǔ)時(shí);

  【例】It is a dictionary that will help you a lot.

  當(dāng)主語(yǔ)以there be 開頭時(shí);

  當(dāng)先行詞是數(shù)詞時(shí);

  同一個(gè)復(fù)合句里有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)用which,另一個(gè)通常用that。

  5、reason后面用什么引導(dǎo)?way 后面用什么引導(dǎo)?

  reason后面的定語(yǔ)從句用why引導(dǎo)。

  way 后面定語(yǔ)從句用in which 或 that引導(dǎo)that可以省略。

  6、when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句等于什么引導(dǎo)的`定語(yǔ)從句?

  when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句等于介詞+ which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

  7、where 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句等于什么引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句?

  where 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句等于介詞+which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

  ★8、one of 和 the (only) one of引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句在主謂一致問(wèn)題上應(yīng)注意什么?

  前者引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);后者用單數(shù)。

  9、限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句有和區(qū)別?

  限制性定語(yǔ)從句是主句不可缺少的一個(gè)部分,缺少后主句意思不完整。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,不要從句對(duì)主句意義無(wú)多大影響;非限制性定語(yǔ)從句前后有逗號(hào)隔開。而且非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中不能用that。

  10、as 和which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在用法上有什么區(qū)別?

  as和 which 都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.都可以代替主句中的整個(gè)內(nèi)容或某一成分。

  as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以位于句首,并常和know, see, expect等詞連用,意為:“正如……”,而which不能位于句首。

  11、as 可以用于哪些結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句?

  such... as; the same... as; so ...as..

  12、the same…as和 the same…that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句如何區(qū)別?

  the same…as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句指的是相同事物,強(qiáng)調(diào)同類。

  the same…that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句指的是同一物。

  13、such…as…和 such…that…如何區(qū)分?

  such…as…引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,as必須代替先行詞在其引導(dǎo)的從句中充當(dāng)成分。

  such…that…引導(dǎo)的從句是狀語(yǔ)從句,that只是引導(dǎo)從句并不在其引導(dǎo)的從句中充當(dāng)成分,在選擇填空首先看從句中是否缺句子成分,如果缺成分就要考慮是定語(yǔ)從句;如果不缺成分就要考慮是狀語(yǔ)成分。

  ★14、whose 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句有那些注意點(diǎn)?

  whose 作定語(yǔ),后面跟名詞。一般有三種表示形式:

  【例】This is the dictionary whose cover has come off.

  = This is the dictionary the cover of which has comeoff.

  = This is the dictionary of which the cover has come off.

  ★★★15、 “介詞 + 關(guān)系詞” 開頭的定語(yǔ)從句有哪幾種情況?

  注意:引導(dǎo)定從的介詞后不能加who/that

 。1)先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ),用來(lái)替換when/where/why的:in/on/from/for/in front of + which/whom:

 。2)“of所有格”: the+名詞+ of + which/whom; of + which/whom +… the+名詞

 。3)“某個(gè)范圍中的多少”: some/both/the former + of + which/whom; of + which/whom … some…

  (4)偶爾可用“介詞+ whose”和“介詞+where”

  三、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

  關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

  1、who指人,在從句中做主語(yǔ)

  The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

  2、whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),?墒÷。

  Mr. Liu is the person (whom)you talked about on the bus.

  【注意】關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替,可省略。

  The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

  3、which指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略

  Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

  4、that指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which。在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

  The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

  5、whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)

  He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

  whose指物時(shí),常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替:

  The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

  =The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.

  Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

  =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

  (注意:the + 名詞 + of which/whom?迹。

  四、介詞+關(guān)系代詞whom/which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(重點(diǎn))

  關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo):

  The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

  =The school in which he once studied is very famous.

  【注意】

  1、含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等

  (1)This is the watch which/that I am lookingfor.(T)

 。2)This is the watch for which I amlooking. (F)

  2、若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前,關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom,不可用who或者that;指物時(shí)用which,不能用that;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose

 。1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)

  (2)The man who/that you talked with is my friend.(F)

  3、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most,each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞,構(gòu)成some of which/whom等類似結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。(重點(diǎn):?!)

 。1)He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him.

 。2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

 。3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

  在特定語(yǔ)境中,可以用“介詞+ whose/where”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句

  The boss in whose department Ms King once worked is a kind man.

  五、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

  1、when指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

  when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介詞同先行詞搭配)

 。1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

 。2)The time when we got together finally came.

  2、where指地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

  where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介詞同先行詞搭配)

 。1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.

  (2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

  3、why指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ),此時(shí)先行詞常為reason?勺?yōu)閒or which(?迹。

  why=for which

 。1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

  (2)I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

  【注意】關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換

 。1)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.

 。2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

 。3)Great changes have taken place in thecity in which/where I was born.

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