whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句
非限定性定語從句起補充說明作用,缺少也不會影響全句的理解,它與主句往往用逗號隔開。定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。
whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句
關(guān)系代詞whom用于指人,在句中作動詞賓語和介詞賓語,作介詞賓語時,介詞可位于句首。
如:Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.
彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了,你在倫敦見過他。
Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.
史密斯先生是一位著名的科學(xué)家,我從他那兒學(xué)了許多東西。
易錯點
1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時,關(guān)系代詞which可以與that互換;但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,只能用which。
例1.She heard a terrible noise, ______ frightened her.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
例2.She heard a terrible noise ______ frightened her.
A. that B. / C. what D. who
解析: 例1意為:“她聽到一個可怕的聲音,這使她感到恐懼。”that不能用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,故選B。例2意為:“她聽到了一個使她恐懼的可怕聲音!币龑(dǎo)修飾noise的限制性定語從句可以用which或that來引導(dǎo),故選A。
2. 先行詞為reason時,限制性定語可以用why或for which來引導(dǎo);非限制性定語從句則只能用for which來引導(dǎo)。
例3.I had told them the reason, ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. for which B. at which C. for whom D. why
例4I had told them the reason ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. when B. which C. why D. for that
解析: 例3意為:“我早已把理由告訴了他們,于是我沒有出席會議!毕刃性~為reason時,非限制性定語從句應(yīng)用for which引導(dǎo),故選A。例4意為:“我已經(jīng)把沒有出席會議的原因告訴了他們!眛he reason why...是常見搭配,答案為C。
3. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任賓語時可以被省略;但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞即使作賓語也不能省略。
例5.He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,______ he loved and respected as his own mother.
A. as B. which C. / D. whom
解析: 本句意為:“他急于去醫(yī)院看望他的繼母,他像對待親生母親一樣孝敬她!标P(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句并作賓語,不能被省略,故選D。
4.引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時并作從句賓語的關(guān)系代詞whom可以用who來代替;但在非限制性定語從句中,whom就不能用who替換。
例6. Do you know Tom, _____ we talked about?
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
例7.The American journalist ______ the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters. Which of the following is wrong?
A. who B. whom C. whose D. /
解析: 例6意為:“你認(rèn)識湯姆嗎? 我們談到過他!睉(yīng)選C。例7意為:“播音員在新聞廣播中提到的那位美國記者據(jù)說已遭歹徒殺害。下列哪一項是錯誤的?”關(guān)系代詞作mentioned的賓語且指人時,可用who/whom/that,在限制性定語從句中可省略,故C是錯的。
5.當(dāng)非限制性定語從句修飾整個主句時,其關(guān)系代詞可以用as 和which,但位于舉句首不能用which,只能用as。此時非限制性定語從句可置于主句之前、之后或之中。
例8______ I expected, he didn’t believe me.
A. Which B. As C. That D. When
解析: 本句意為:“正如我所預(yù)料的.那樣,他不相信我的話。”非限制性定語從句修飾整個主句,應(yīng)用as引導(dǎo),故答案為B。
例9.Mary was late for school,______ often happened.
A. as B. for which C. that D. why
解析: 本句意為:“瑪麗上學(xué)遲到了,這是常有的事!备鶕(jù)句意,關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾前面的主句,其位置非常靈活,故答案為A。
6. 由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,關(guān)系代詞指代整個主句時,不能用as,只能用which,因為有介詞關(guān)系。
例10.He bought the car for more than $20,000,______ his father was angry.
A. about that B. with as C. when D. with which
解析: 本句意為:“他花兩萬多美元買了這輛車,他父親對此很生氣。”which位于介詞with的后面,指代前面的主句,故答案為D。
注意事項
1. which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句是用來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分。
2. as有時也可用作關(guān)系代詞 。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,若as在從句中作主語,其引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在句首,也可以放在句中。但which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放句中。
例句:
As is reported in the newspaper ,some artistic treasures(藝術(shù)珍品) will be on show at the exhibition (展覽品)on the weekend.
3. 在非限定性定語從句中,關(guān)系詞不能用that,和those。
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