why的定語(yǔ)從句用法
why的定語(yǔ)從句用法，同學(xué)們清楚了嗎?如果不了解的話，小編為你解答，以下是小編為大家整理的why的定語(yǔ)從句用法，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助大家！
why的定語(yǔ)從句用法
請(qǐng)分析下面兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：
句①He wanted to know the reason.
句②I was late for the reason.
把句②變?yōu)榫洧俚亩ㄕZ(yǔ)從句，句①中的the reasons做定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。因?yàn)閠he reason做介詞for的賓語(yǔ)，先行詞是the reason指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中介詞for提前，用關(guān)系代詞which替代the reason，the reason就不能在定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)了。由此得到句③He wanted to know the reason for which I was late.
注意：在定語(yǔ)從句中當(dāng)先行詞為the reason(s)，定語(yǔ)從句由for which引導(dǎo)時(shí)，可以用why代替for which。由此我們得到句⑤He wanted to know the reason why I was late.
請(qǐng)把下面兩句話合并為一句，把第二句話變?yōu)榈谝痪涞亩ㄕZ(yǔ)從句
The reason is not very convincing.
He came for the reason.
→The reason why he came is not very convincing.
The reason for which he came is not very convincing.
when， where， why屬于關(guān)系副詞， 都在其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)， 其具體用法如下：
1. 關(guān)系副詞 when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(包括限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句)修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞， 在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如： I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然記得第一次見(jiàn)到詹妮弗的那一天。// Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下個(gè)月即將來(lái)臨， 屆時(shí)你們將在家鄉(xiāng)度暑假。
2. 關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句(包括限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句)修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞， 在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如： This is the office where he worked. 這就是他工作過(guò)的辦公室。// She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳門去定居， 在那里她有幾個(gè)密友。
3. 關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞reason， 在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。例如： I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他來(lái)得那么晚的原因。// That is the reason why I don’t want to go. 那就是我不想去的理由。// He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.他沒(méi)有告訴我他為什么那樣心煩意亂。
注意： 關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞之間并非毫無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)， 兩者之間存在密切的聯(lián)系。在備考中尤其要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
1. 很多情況下關(guān)系副詞用“介詞+which/whom”來(lái)代替， 其中的介詞由先行詞或定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式來(lái)決定， 例如：
The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.
= The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.見(jiàn)到這位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。
I shall never forget those years when I lived with her.
= I shall never forget those years during which I lived with her.
我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我跟她生活的那些歲月。
This is a hall where the medical conference will be held.
= This is a hall in which the medical conference will be held.
這是禮堂， 醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)議將在此召開(kāi)。
2. 并非先行詞表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)時(shí)都分別用when或where來(lái)引導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的定語(yǔ)從句， 若關(guān)系詞在修飾表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)等而不是狀語(yǔ)時(shí)， 需用which或that引導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的定語(yǔ)從句。例如： Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school? 你還記得我們一起在學(xué)校度過(guò)的那些日子嗎?
先行詞the days表時(shí)間， 但是其定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)而不是狀語(yǔ)， 因此不能用when而應(yīng)該用which或that。
3. that有時(shí)可以代替定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系副詞when， where， why， 且that�？梢允÷裕� 例如： This is the time (when/that) he arrived. 這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。
定語(yǔ)從句相關(guān)知識(shí)
一、什么叫定語(yǔ)從句？
一個(gè)句子作定語(yǔ)就叫定語(yǔ)從句。
二、定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)及種類
1. 結(jié)構(gòu)：關(guān)系詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它
2. 種類：限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
三、關(guān)系詞的分類及關(guān)系詞
1. 關(guān)系代詞：who，whom, whose, that ,which, as
2. 關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why
四、關(guān)系詞的功用
1. 起連接作用，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
2. 在定語(yǔ)從句中作一個(gè)成分——主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。
五、什么是先行詞？
被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞是先行詞。
六、關(guān)系詞的用法
1. who
當(dāng)先行詞是指人得名詞或代詞，而且關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，選who。
The boy who is standing over there is Tom.
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
2. whom
當(dāng)先行詞是指人得名詞，而且關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，選whom.
This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.
3. whose
① 當(dāng)先行詞是指人的名詞，而且關(guān)系詞在句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，選whose.
This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.
�、� 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞，而且關(guān)系在句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，選whose.
We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.
4. that
�、� 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，選that.
This is a machine that can walk.
�、� 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選that. 另外，that可以省略。
I like the present (that) my father sent me.
�、� 當(dāng)先行詞是指人的名詞，關(guān)系詞也可選用that=who
The boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.
5. which
當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞也可選用which，它在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，which=that
6. 下列情況下，關(guān)系詞只能選用that
�、� 當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞 something, anything, nothing, everything時(shí)
Is there anything that I can do for you?
�、� 當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all時(shí)
Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.
③ 當(dāng)先行詞被all, some, any修飾時(shí)
These are all the things that I have done today.
�、� 當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very 修飾時(shí)
This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.
�、� 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)
This is the cleaning room that you can see here.
⑥ time 作先行詞，前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時(shí)
This is the last time that I’ll give you pocket money.
�、� 盡管先行詞指人，但關(guān)系詞在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。
He is no longer the child that he used to be 20 years ago
�、� 以 who開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句，盡管先行詞指人。
Who is the person that is sitting on the ground ?
⑨ 當(dāng)先行詞包括人和物時(shí)。
7. 下列情況下，關(guān)系詞只能選which
�、� 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。
This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday.
�、� 先行詞不是一個(gè)詞，而是前面整個(gè)句子的概念時(shí)
The boy is very polite, which makes his parents happy.
�、� 當(dāng)先行詞指物，用“介詞+which”
This is the pen with which I often write.
8. as
As 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，有四種情況。As在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)。
�、� as 單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
As we all know (=As is known to us all), Yao Ming is a famous basketball player.
② the same …as… 與…一樣
I have the same idea as you.
�、� such… as… 和…一樣
Don’t read such a book as you can’t understand.
④ as…as… 和…一樣
In this library, you can borrow as many books as you can.
9. where
�、� 當(dāng)先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞，而且關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，選where，where=介詞+which
This is the classroom where we study.
�、� 盡管先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞，但關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能選that/which.
This is the factory that/which makes paper
This is the factory(that/which) we visited yesterday.
�、� 盡管先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，但非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能用which
This is the school, which he visited.
④ the one 是代詞，代替前面的名詞，其后的that/which 往往省略。
Is this factory the one you visited?
⑤ 當(dāng)situation, job, mark, race, point 等模糊概念的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，選where
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.
�、� 盡管先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)，但定語(yǔ)從句末有介詞時(shí)，選which。
This is the lab which we do experiments in.
10. when
① 當(dāng)先行詞是指時(shí)間的名詞，而且關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，選when，when=介詞+which
We will never forget the days when we stayed with Mr. Smith.
�、� 盡管先行詞是指時(shí)間的名詞，但關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選that或which。
Monday is the day which/that comes before Tuesday.
We will never forget the days (that/which) we spent with him.
�、� 盡管先行詞是指時(shí)間的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，但非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能選which。
Wednesday is the day, which comes before Thursday.
�、� one 作替代詞，代替前面表示時(shí)間的名詞，其后的that/which往往省略。
That was an exciting moment, one I will remember forever.
�、� time作先行詞，前面有序數(shù)詞或last時(shí)，只能選that。
Is this the third time that you have been late for school this week?
11. why
① 當(dāng)先行詞是指表示原因的名詞reason時(shí)，如果關(guān)系副詞作狀語(yǔ)，選why，why=for which.
This is the reason why I didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.
② 當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason時(shí)，如果關(guān)系副詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)，選that/which,也可省略。
My parents didn’t believe the reason (that/ which) I give him.
七、介詞+which/whom
1. 介詞+which/whom
�、� 介詞的選擇根據(jù)下面四種情況
a. 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
Who is the person with whom you shook hands just now?
b. 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中的形容詞
In learning English, he had two things about which he was not sure.
c. 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞
This is the bike by which I go to school.
d. 根據(jù)句意。
This is the train on which he works.
② 如果關(guān)系詞指人，選whom，如果關(guān)系詞指物，選which。
2. 不定代詞+of+which/whom
常用的不定代詞有：both, neither, either(兩者之一)，all, none, many, most, some, any
Mr. Li has two sons, both of whom are college students.
There are 10.000 books in this library, most of which are interesting.
3. 數(shù)詞，分詞，百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+which/whom
There are 50 students in our class, two thirds of whom are girls.
4. the+名詞+of+which=whose+名詞
He has just bought a magazine, the cover of which (=whose cover) is missing.
5. 介詞+whose+名詞
This is our school teaching building, on whose top there is a red flag.
八、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
如果主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)從句之間有個(gè)逗號(hào)，它就是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有：which，who, when, where, why, whom, whose.
九、分隔性的定語(yǔ)從句
有時(shí)定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間被其他詞隔開(kāi)，把這種從句叫分隔性的定語(yǔ)從句。
The days are gone when China used foreign oil.
= Gone are the days when China used foreign oil.
十、The way 作先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有三種情況：that, in which 省略。
I don’t like the way ___D___ you do things.
A. that B. in which C. × D. all of the above
十一、 One of +the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，the only one of +the 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
He is one of the teachers in our school who teach well.
He is the only one of the teachers in our school who teaches well.
十二、 在定語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)依據(jù)它所修飾的先行詞。
I, who am your teacher, will help you with everything.
He who breaks the school rules should be punished.
Those who break the school rules should be punished.
Anyone who breaks the school rules should be punished.
十三、 定語(yǔ)從句和并列句的區(qū)別
非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句和主語(yǔ)之間有一個(gè)逗號(hào)，并列句的結(jié)構(gòu)式單句+并列連詞（and, or. so, but）+簡(jiǎn)單句.
I have many friends, all of whom are kind to me.
I have many friends and all of them are kind to me.定語(yǔ)從句（the attributive clause）
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