定語從句中as的用法
定語從句就是在整個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)定語的句子修飾名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出，小編在這里特意為大家整理了關(guān)系代詞as的用法，一起來看一下吧！
1. 準(zhǔn)關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)限制定語從句，用于以下3個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語：
a. so / such…as
Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. (as作主語)
I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is. (as作表語)
Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an (= such a difficult) examination problem as none of us worked out.
b. the same…as
Modern statemen are often faced with the same problem as defeated the ancient Romans. (as 作賓語)
I like the same book as you do. (as 作賓語)
c. as…as
As many children as came were given some cakes. (as 作主語)
He is as diligent a man as ever lived. (as 作主語)
補(bǔ)充：
a. such…as 與 such…that的區(qū)別
such…as 引導(dǎo)定語從句;such…that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。
They talked in such simple English as children could understand.
他們用孩子們能聽懂的簡(jiǎn)單的英語交談。
They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.
他們用十分簡(jiǎn)單的英語交談，連孩子們都能聽懂。
I will provide you with such things as you may need.
我要供給你一些你可以用得著的東西。
He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.
他如此用力地關(guān)門，結(jié)果玻璃碎了。
b. the same…as與the same…that的區(qū)別：
the same…as指兩物相似，the same..描述的是同一物。
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.
這個(gè)書包和我昨天丟失的(書包)相似。(相似物)
This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.
這正是我昨天丟失的那個(gè)書包。(同一物)
2. 準(zhǔn)關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句。
a. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，只代表主語或主句的一部分所表達(dá)的意思(不能指代某個(gè)名詞或代詞)，可以放在主句前，后或中間，在從句中作主語或賓語、例如：
As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (as指代整個(gè)句子，作主語，置于句首)
He opposed the idea, as could be expected. (as 指代整個(gè)句子，作主語，置于句末)
As we all know, he studies very hard. (as 指代整個(gè)句子，作賓語，置于句首)
Taiwan is, as you know, an inseparable part of China. (as指代整個(gè)句子，作賓語，置于句中)
常用的這類句式有：
as is said above 綜上所述 - as is known to all 眾所周知
as is often the case 通常如此 - as is reported in the newspaper 如報(bào)紙所報(bào)導(dǎo)的
b. 主句具有否定意義，as引導(dǎo)的定語從句位于主句之后時(shí)，as指代得主句不包括否定意義，并可用but取代。例如：
Whales are now fish, as some people think / but some people think they are.
I am no orator, as Brutus is.我不善言詞,而勃魯特斯卻是個(gè)雄辯家.
Spiders are notinsects,as many people think, nor even near1y related to them.
蜘蛛不是昆蟲,盡管許多人認(rèn)為它是昆蟲,它甚至與昆蟲幾乎沒有關(guān)系.
但as引導(dǎo)的定語從句謂語主句前時(shí)，as指代的主句仍包括否定意義。
As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.
正如前面所說的，語法不是一套死條紋。
3. 在非限制性定語從句中，which和as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別：
a. which引導(dǎo)的從句不能放在主句前，而as引導(dǎo)的從句則既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。
b. 用能做關(guān)系代詞，as和which都可以指代一個(gè)句子，但as有“正如”、“就像”之意，which則沒有此含義。
He is a foreigner, as I know from his accent. (as指代一個(gè)句子，意為“正如”、“就像”)
He has to work on Sunday, which he doesn’t like. (which指代一個(gè)句子，沒有“正如”、“就像”)
c. 當(dāng)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞是be或相當(dāng)于聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞的seem, become等時(shí)，可用as或which作主語。但當(dāng)從句的謂語是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只能用which作主語。
4. as 可用作連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，構(gòu)成省略形式“as + 過去分詞”這一特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，譯成漢語時(shí)作用如定語。例如：
The bridge as shown in the picture is really wonderful. (as shown = as it is shown 可譯為“圖中的橋”)
See the answers as given at the end of this book. (as given = as it is shown 可譯為“書后給出的答案”)
English as spoken is Australia is slightly different from British English.
(as spoken = as it is spoken 可譯為“在澳大利亞講得英語”)
請(qǐng)看下列的“as + 過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)用于修飾前面的名詞：
The study as described in the article… 如文章中描述的那種學(xué)習(xí)
The program as conducted by… 由…指揮的(指導(dǎo)的)節(jié)目
The art as applied to medicine… 應(yīng)用于醫(yī)學(xué)的藝術(shù)
The products as seen on TV…電視上看到得產(chǎn)品
定語從句中that的用法
1. 不用that的情況
(1) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。
(錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(2) 介詞后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2. 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
(1) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(2) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。
(3) 先行詞有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修飾時(shí)，只用that。
(4) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that,不能用which。.
(5) 先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。
(6) 先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時(shí).
(7) 為了避免重復(fù).
(8) 先行詞是the way或the reason時(shí)，that可作關(guān)系副詞，也可省略
(9) 主句的主語是疑問詞who /which時(shí)
定語從句中的that和which用法區(qū)別
that和which在從句里都可以做賓語和主語，做賓語時(shí)可以省略。在定語從句中,有種說法叫"關(guān)賓省"，意思是關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語可以省略，不管是that，which，還是whom。但是which能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，that則不行。
記得以下只能用that的幾種情況：
1. 當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)。
如：
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter.
有關(guān)此事，凡是你所知道的請(qǐng)告訴我。
2. 當(dāng)先行詞被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等詞修飾時(shí)。
如：You can take any seat that is free.
任何空著的座位你都可以坐。
3. 當(dāng)先行詞為序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。
如：
This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term.
這是我們校本學(xué)期放映的第四部電影。
4. 當(dāng)先行詞為形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。
如：
This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read.
這是我讀過的一本最有趣的故事書。
5. 當(dāng)先行詞被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修飾時(shí)。
如：
The only thing that we could do was to wait.
我們唯一能做的事就是等待。
注意：先行詞被the same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞也可用as。
如：I need the same book that / as you have.
我需要有你一樣的書。
6. 當(dāng)先行詞既包含人又包含物時(shí)。
如： They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them.
他們正在談?wù)撍麄兏信d趣的女英雄及她們的事跡。
7. 當(dāng)先行詞是疑問代詞who，which，what或主句以這些詞開頭時(shí)。
如：
Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him?
曾經(jīng)和他一起工作過的誰不欽佩他？
8. 當(dāng)先行詞為主句表語或關(guān)系代詞為從句表語時(shí)。
如：
Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.
我們的學(xué)�，F(xiàn)在已不是過去的那個(gè)樣子了。
9. 先行詞為time時(shí)，當(dāng)time表示次數(shù)，引導(dǎo)詞用that, 可省略。 當(dāng)表示時(shí)間，可用that或when引導(dǎo)，都可省略。
如：
I didt remember the exact time （when/that） I arrived in Shanghai last month.
我不記得上個(gè)月到達(dá)上海的確切時(shí)間了。
請(qǐng)注意以下幾種只能使用which的情況:
1. 在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞必須用which。
如：
This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.
這就是老師正在談及的那本參考書。
注意： 如果介詞不放在修飾事物的限定性定語從句的句首， which就可換為that，例如：
This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
這就是我們已經(jīng)多次討論過的問題。
2. 先行詞為“those＋表事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)， 關(guān)系代詞通常只用which而不用that。
如：You should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.
你應(yīng)該掌握好這些可以用到未來工作中的技能。
最后，記得這個(gè)特殊情況吧：當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因或方式的名詞時(shí)，可以用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，相當(dāng)于介詞+which，that可以省略。
如：
He didn’t like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother.
他不喜歡她對(duì)他的母親那樣說話。
Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car.
很難想象，他開車開得那么快。
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