簡(jiǎn)單句變定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句就是由一個(gè)句子修飾限定另一個(gè)句子的中心詞.被修飾限定的成分叫先行詞.連接主句和從句的詞叫關(guān)系代詞.
關(guān)系代詞的作用有兩點(diǎn)：
1 連接主句和從句
2 在從句中從句子成分,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略.
關(guān)系代詞 who,whom,whose,which,that
who
先行詞是人 + who + 動(dòng)詞
The man is Mr.White.
The man has white hair.
The man who has white hair is Mr.White.
whose
先行詞是人,whose + 名詞
I have a friend.
His father is a teacher.
I have a friend whose father is a teacher.
whom
先行詞是人,whom + 及物動(dòng)詞/不及物動(dòng)詞 + 介詞
當(dāng)介詞提前的.時(shí)候,關(guān)系代詞不能省略.
The man is my uncle.
We met the man.
The man we met is my uncle.
The man whom we met is my uncle.
The man who met us is my uncle.
The man is my uncle.
I spoke to the man.
定語(yǔ)從句：
關(guān)系代詞
whom
先行詞是人,whom + 及物動(dòng)詞/不及物動(dòng)詞 + 介詞
當(dāng)介詞提前的時(shí)候,關(guān)系代詞不能省略.
The man is my uncle.
I spoke to the man.
The man whom I spoke to is my uncle.
The man to whom I spoke is my uncle.
當(dāng)介詞提前的時(shí)候,先行詞是物時(shí),只能用which
I have a sister.
She lives in Paris.
I have a sister who lives in Paris.
The man who has white hair is Mr.White.
I have a friend whose father is a teacher.
I see you everyday.
I look at the blackboard everyday.
The man who we met is my uncle.
speak to sb.
I spoke to the man.
The man whom I spoke to is my uncle.
The man to whom I spoke is my uncle.
which 是指人以外的生命或沒有生命的東西.
先行詞（物） + which + 動(dòng)詞
He likes the house.
The house has a lot of windows.
He likes the house which has a lot of/many windows.
The books are on the desk.
The books are mine.
The books are on the counter.
The books which are on the counter are mine.
The dog is his.
The dog is carrying a basket.
The dog which is carrying a basket is his.
The dog carrying a basket is his.
Those men are making all that noise.
Those men are repairing the road.
Those men who are repairing the road are making all that noise.
Those men repairing the road are making all that noise.
語(yǔ)法講解
He is the man.He came here last week.who
He is the man who came here last week.
She is the woman.I served the woman yesterday.who/whom
She is the woman who I served yesterday.
He likes the house which has many windows.
當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí),后邊是which.which后有兩種情況.
1 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞.
2 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + 介詞.
This is the letter.I received the letter yesterday.the letter/ which
This is the letter which I received yesterday.
I like the house.He lives in the house.the house/ which
I like the house which he lives in.(which可以省略）
I like the house in which he lives.（which不可以省略）
That is the boy.I talked about the boy last week.the boy/who/whom
That is the boy who/whom I talked about/told you about last week.
That is the boy about whom I told you last week.
當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí),后邊是who/that
當(dāng)先行詞是人且人做賓語(yǔ)時(shí),后邊是who/whom/that
1 在從句的情況下,人作主語(yǔ),后邊是及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞,這樣的情況下,關(guān)系代詞可以省略.
2 如果介詞提前了,介詞后只能加whom
當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí),后邊是which/that,如果從句是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),which和be動(dòng)詞都可以省略.
當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí),關(guān)系代詞是which/that,后邊是人或物都可,后邊接及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞,which/that 作賓語(yǔ),則可以省略
如果是不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞情況下,把介詞提前,只能用which.
當(dāng)先行詞是人和動(dòng)詞時(shí),后邊是that
I saw a boy.The boy and his dog were walking in the park.
I saw a boy and his dog that were walking in the park.
當(dāng)先行詞前由序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)以及the only,the very,the same,all所修飾,或先行詞為nothing,anything,everything 等不定代詞時(shí),后邊的關(guān)系代詞只能是that.
以who/what/which開頭的疑問句,后邊的關(guān)系代詞只能是that.
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