定語(yǔ)從句“熱點(diǎn)”追蹤的總結(jié)

　　1. 分隔定語(yǔ)從句。

　　先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間有時(shí)也會(huì)插入別的成分，構(gòu)成先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句的隔離，這種從句叫分隔定語(yǔ)從句。例如：

　　This is the article written by him that I spoke to you about.

　　He was the only person in this country that was invited.

　　①因定語(yǔ)從句過長(zhǎng)，為使句子保持平衡，常將定語(yǔ)從句和其所修飾的名詞或代詞分開。

　　The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway village.

　�、谠诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中使用“插入語(yǔ)”以增加語(yǔ)言的靈活性。

　　The pen I thought I had lost is on my desk，right under my nose.

　　2. as 和 which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

　　① as 有“正如，就像”之意，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，從句可位于主句的前面、中間或后面，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。

　　As we had expected，her performance was wonderful.

　　A panda， as we know，is a lovely animal.

　　Tom is the tallest in our class，as you know.

　　但 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般只能放在主句之后。例如：

　　The result of the experiment was very good，which we hadn’t expected.

　　②在主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，which 和 as 作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可互換使用。

　　He was an Englishman，which / as I knew from his accent.

　　作主語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用 which ，而不用 as .但在“主語(yǔ) +be+done ”結(jié)構(gòu)中，as 作主語(yǔ)。例如：

　　He passed the examination，as was known.

　　③ as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常用在表示肯定意義的從句中，而不能用在表示否定意義的從句中； which 則不受此限制。例如：

　　Mummy treats me just as a baby，which （不用 as ） I can’t bear.

　　She married again，which （不用 as ）was unexpected.

　�、茉谫e補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，宜用 which ，而不用 as .例如：

　　He believed in God，which （不用 as ） I find strange.

　　He changed his mind，which （不用 as ） made me very angry.

　　⑤定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞若為表示知覺的詞，如 see ，expect ，say ，know 等時(shí)，用 as 而不用 which .

　　As we expected / know， Xiao Ming took the first place in the game.

　　⑥ as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與 it 作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句和以 what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。試比較：

　　As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.

　　It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

　　What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

　　3. 定語(yǔ)從句與并列句的識(shí)別。

　　定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間要用“逗號(hào)”分隔，并且不能加入 and ， but ， so 等連接詞。并列句一般由 and ， but ， so 等詞連接，或中間用“分號(hào)”隔開。例如：

　　He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （定語(yǔ)從句）

　　He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，and most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （并列句）

　　He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows；most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （并列句）

　　Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，the price of which was reasonable. （定語(yǔ)從句）

　　Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase；the price of it was reasonable. （并列句）

　　John’s parents kept telling him that he should work hard，but it didn’t help. （并列句）

　　4. that 引導(dǎo)的.定語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。

　　This is so interesting a book that all of us want to read it. （ so …… that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）

　　This is so interesting a book as all of us want to read. （ as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句）

　　通過以上兩個(gè)例句不難看出， so …… that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，而定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞前有 so ， such ， the same 修飾時(shí)，常用“ as ”來引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

　　5. 定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。

　　同位語(yǔ)從句是位于名詞 answer ， belief ， doubt ， decision ， explanation ， fact ， hope ， idea ， information ， news ， order ， problem ， promise ， truth 等后的句子，并對(duì)這些句詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明或解釋；從句一般是一個(gè)完整的句子，引導(dǎo)詞 that 只起引導(dǎo)作用，不作句子成分，且 that 不可省略；同位語(yǔ)從句不可用 which 引導(dǎo)。而定語(yǔ)從句通常是一不完整的句子，缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)等。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)， that 可省略。

　　The fact that she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear. （同位語(yǔ)從句）

　　The fact （that / which） she told me yesterday is very important. （定語(yǔ)從句）

　　「鞏固性練習(xí)」

　　1. _________ is mentioned above， the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.

　　A. As B. It C. That D. What

　　2. Now Children like to go to the fast food restaurant， _________ as the name says， eating doesn’t take much time.

　　A. which B. that C. what D. where

　　3. Sometimes the earthquake is so violent that it can destroy the whole city， _________ happened in Tang Shan in 1976.

　　A. as B. that C. where D. like

　　4. Recently my father bought a Chinese painting， _________ was very reasonable.

　　A. the price of it B. which price

　　C. the price of which D. its price

　　5. We will be shown around the city： schools， museums， and some other places， _________ other visitors seldom go.

　　A. what B. which C. where D. when

　　6. We were next-door neighbors for three years， during ________ time we met only twice.

　　A. which B. this C. in which D. same

　　7. Living in the central Australia desert has its problems， _________ getting water is not the least.

　　A. as B. for what C. of which D. for what

　　8. We should do more such exercises in the future， I think， ________ those we did yesterday.

　　A. as B. which C. that D. it

　　9. Gone are the days _________ we spent together in the village.

　　A. that B. when C. in which D. on which

　　10. He failed his exam， _________ proves that he wasn’t working hard enough.

　　A. as B. which C. that D. A and B

　　11. He must be from Africa， _________ can be seen from his skin.

　　A. that B. as C. who D. what

　　「參考答案」

　　1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A

　　7. C 8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B

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