復(fù)雜的定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)
一主二仆式定語(yǔ)從句是指一個(gè)先行詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上定語(yǔ)從句的情況。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的定語(yǔ)從句比較規(guī)范,均修飾一個(gè)先行詞,在翻譯時(shí),雖然也遵循一般定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯技巧和方法,但還有其獨(dú)特的地方。歸納起來,有如下幾種情況:
1)譯成定語(yǔ) 可以把兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句譯成并列的定語(yǔ),也可譯成分開的定語(yǔ)修飾先地詞,或分別修飾重復(fù)的先行詞。
and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power
古老的謀生之道正受到新的.農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)、新的貿(mào)易、新的行業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn);這種新貿(mào)易是與世界上一向無人知曉的地區(qū)進(jìn)行的貿(mào)易,而種種新行業(yè)則是使用一些無需傳統(tǒng)的人力畜力驅(qū)動(dòng)、可節(jié)省勞動(dòng)力的奇特機(jī)遇。(并列的定語(yǔ))
Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.
近代史開始時(shí),世界擁有的每一項(xiàng)重大成就,已為歷史發(fā)端期的人們所知曉。(分開的定語(yǔ))
And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.
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