定語從句在什么情況下可以省略關(guān)系詞
定語從句(也稱關(guān)系從句、形容詞性從句),是指一類由關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的從句,因為這類從句的句法功能多是做定語,以下是小編精心整理的定語從句在什么情況下可以省略關(guān)系詞,希望對大家有所幫助。
語從句在什么情況下可以省略關(guān)系詞
關(guān)系詞有時可以省略,但這只限于限制性定語從句中,在非限制性定語從句中,關(guān)系詞則不可省略。關(guān)系詞的省略主要限于以下幾個方面。如:
1. 關(guān)系代詞作賓語時的省略。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which和that在定語從句中用作動詞賓語或介詞位于句末時的介詞賓語時,可以省略。如:
Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎?
Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 剛才和你講話的人是誰?
2. 關(guān)系代詞作表語時的省略。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中用作表語時,可以省略。如:
China is not the country (that) it was. 中國已不是過去的中國了。(that作表語)
3. 關(guān)系代詞作賓補時的省略。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that在定語從句中用作賓語補足時,可以省略。如:
I’m not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所認為的那個瘋子。(that作賓語補語)
4. 關(guān)系代詞作主語時的省略。一般說來,關(guān)系代詞作主語時是不能省略的,但是在以下兩種特殊情況,也可省略:
(1) 當(dāng)定語從句為there be 結(jié)構(gòu)時,作主語的that可以省略。如:
I’ve told you all (that) there is to tell. 該告訴的我都告訴你了。
(2) 當(dāng)主句為there be結(jié)構(gòu)時,在定語從句中作主語的that, which, who有時可省略。如:
There’s a gentleman (who) wants to see you. 有一位先生要見您。
(3) 當(dāng)主句為it is, here is結(jié)構(gòu)時,在定語從句中作主語的that有時可省略。如:
Here’s a little book (that) will tell you how to raise roses. 這是一本關(guān)于玫瑰花栽培的小冊子。
5. 關(guān)系副詞when的省略。用作時間狀語的關(guān)系副詞when通常不能省略,但有一種特殊情況,即用于day, year, time等少數(shù)幾個詞后時可以省略(也可換成that)。如:
That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出國了。
I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永遠也忘不了我們見面的那一天。
6. 關(guān)系副詞where的'省略。用作地點狀語的關(guān)系副詞where通常不能省略,但有一種特殊情況,即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少數(shù)幾個詞后時可以省略(也可換成that)。如:
This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 這就是他們昨天碰頭的地方。
Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有沒有一個什么地方可以讓我躺一個小時?
7. 關(guān)系副詞why的省略。關(guān)系副詞why通常只用于the reason后引導(dǎo)定語從句,且通?蓳Q成that或for which,均可省略。如:
That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came. 這就是他來的原因。
定語從句關(guān)系詞什么時候省略
1.關(guān)系代詞which,whom,who,that在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略。
Here is the man (who/that/whom)you're been looking for.
以下情況不能省略:
(1)在介詞+whom與介詞+which中,whom,which不能省略。
Do you know any shops nearby in which I can buy flowers?
That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.
注:當(dāng)介詞放在動詞后時,which,whom就可以省略。
Who is the man (whom) you talked with just now?
。2)在非限制性定語從句中,作賓語的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。
Mr Green,whom you know,is the tallest in our school.
The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see.
。3)在the same ...as,such...as,as...as,the same...that中,as,that即使作賓語,也不能省略I have bought the same bicycle as you have (bought). (指同類用as)
This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday. (that指同一個)
。4)當(dāng)由and,but,or等連詞連接兩個或兩個以上的定語從句修飾一個先行詞時,第一個關(guān)系代詞可省,但第二,第三個不可省略。
This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting.
2.當(dāng)that在從句中作補語時可以省略。
He is not the man (that) he used to be.
She is all (that) a teacher should be.
3.在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中出現(xiàn)定語從句,或在定語從句中出現(xiàn)there be 時,用作主語的關(guān)系代詞也可省略。
There is a man downstairs (who) wants to see you.
This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library.
4.狀語的省略
。1)當(dāng)先行詞是reason,而且定語從句中作原因狀語時,關(guān)系代詞可用why,that,也可以省略。
The reason (why/that) he failed was his laziness.
That is the reason (why) I did it.
。2)當(dāng)先行詞是way,且在定語從句中作方式狀語時,關(guān)系代詞可用in which,that,也可以省略。
The way (in which/that) these comrades look at problems is wrong.
That was the way (in which/that) she worked the problem out.
注意:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,不省略。
例如:I don't know the way that/ which leads to the top of the mountains.
(3)當(dāng)先行詞是time時,關(guān)系代詞可用when,that 或省略。
The second time (that) I saw him was in 1980.
I don't know the exact time (when/that) the sports meet will take place.
注意:關(guān)系代詞作賓語有時也不能省略。
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