- 相關(guān)推薦
由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句用法詳解
定語從句（也稱關(guān)系從句、形容詞性從句），是指一類由關(guān)系詞（英語：relative word）引導(dǎo)的從句，因?yàn)檫@類從句的句法功能多是做定語，所以曾被稱為定語從句（英語：attributive clause），這類從句除了可以做定語之外，還可以充當(dāng)狀語等其他成分，所以現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)多使用“關(guān)系從句”這一術(shù)語。下面是小編為大家整理的由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句用法詳解，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句用法詳解
1. 由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句主要用于正式文體，在非正式文體中通常將介詞放至句末。如：This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是這個(gè)人。This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是這個(gè)人。
2. 直接用于介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞which不能換成that，直接用于介詞后作賓語的關(guān)系代詞whom不能換成who。但若介詞用于句末，則用作賓語的which, whom也可換成that, who，或者省略不同。如：這是一個(gè)我們討論了許多的問題。This is a subject about which we have talked a lot.(which不能換成that，也不能省略)This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 這是一個(gè)我們討論了許多的問題。(which可以換成that，也可以省略)
3. 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why根據(jù)情況有時(shí)可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which”。如： That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住過的房子。That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必須道歉的原因。
4. 在很正式的文體中，“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句可緊縮成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：在那兒孩子們有個(gè)玩耍的花園。正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (較正式)正：There the children had a garden to play in. (較口語化)注：這類“介詞+關(guān)系代詞++不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞不能沒有，也不能放在句末。如不能說There the children had a garden which to play in.
介詞定語從句
一、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，我們通常用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句。如果指“人”，用“介詞+whom”;如果指“物”，用“介詞+which”。例如：
Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?
Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?
使用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
(一)選用介詞的依據(jù)：
(1) 根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的搭配習(xí)慣(即固定短語)。例如：
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.
(2) 根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣(約定俗成，不一定是短語)。例如：
The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.
(3) 根據(jù)句子的意思來選擇。例如：
The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.
(4) 表示“所有”關(guān)系或“整體中的一部分”時(shí)，通常用介詞of。例如：
I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.
(二)在定語從句中，含介詞的短語動(dòng)詞不可拆開使用(短語拆開后含義發(fā)生變化)，如look after, look for等。例如：
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(誤)
(三)“of which / whom”有時(shí)可以用“whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)來改寫。例如：
The building whose roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.
=The building of which the roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.
(四)當(dāng)先行詞為way并且定語從句中缺少狀語時(shí)，通常用in which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句(in which或that可省略);如果定語從句中不缺少狀語，則用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(that 或which 可省略)。例如：
All of us disliked the way(in which / that)Tom settled the maths problem.
I don’t understand the way(that/which)the teacher explained to me.
(五)in that不可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，但可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。例如：
She didn’t attend the meeting in that / because she was seriously ill.
二、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”與關(guān)系副詞的轉(zhuǎn)化
(1)當(dāng)先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示地點(diǎn)的介詞+which來代替關(guān)系副詞where。例如：
I visited the village where many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.
=I visited the village in which many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.
(2) 當(dāng)先行詞表示時(shí)間，定語從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可選用表示時(shí)間的介詞+which來代替關(guān)系副詞when。例如：
We’d better fix a date when we will practice speaking English next week.
=We’d better fix a date on which we will practice speaking English next week.
(3) 當(dāng)先行詞為reason，定語從句中缺少表示原因狀語時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)也可以用for which來代替關(guān)系副詞why。例如：
Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school?
=Can you tell me the reason for which you were late for school?
定語從句的介詞前置
一、定語從句介詞為何前置
習(xí)慣用法,放在前面為了強(qiáng)調(diào)對象,放在后面顯得累贅!
例子：He is the professor to whom（不可以用who）I was talking then.
他就是在那時(shí)和我說話的教授.
也可以說：He is the professor who I was talking to then.
注意,有些情況介詞不能夠前置,比如固定搭配,不可拆散
例子：He is the professor who I was looking for.
此時(shí)for就不能前置
二、介詞＋which／whom的定語從句用法
1.語法作用：“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”在從句中主要起關(guān)系副詞的作用，即在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語：
（1）表示地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間和原因的“介詞＋which”分別相當(dāng)于where，when，why。
I have found the book in which the names of all the early satellites are mentioned.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（＝I have found the book. The names of all the early satellites are mentioned in it.）
The earth on which／where we live is a planet.
I”ll never forget the day on which／when I joined the League.
I know a wood in which／where you can find roses.
Is there any reason for which／why you should have a holiday？
（2）way后常用that代替in which，也可省略that。
I really don”t like the way that he talks.
That was the way in which the old lady looked after us.
Do it the way I showed you.
2. “of＋which”起形容詞的作用，相當(dāng)于whose（用來指物），其詞序通常是“n.＋of which”。
They live in a house whose door／the door of which opens to the south.
He”s written a book whose name／the name of which I”ve com- pletely forgotten.
3.可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
There is a rocket by which the direction of the satellite can be changed.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
We carefully studied the photos，in which we could see signs of plant disease.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
4.介詞的選擇（選擇介詞時(shí)須考慮下列情況）
1）介詞與先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配
There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（in與way是習(xí)慣搭配）
2）介詞與定語從句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配
These are the wires with which different machines are connected.（be connected with是習(xí)慣搭配）
The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our compa-ny.（be familiar with是習(xí)慣搭配）
3）同形的先行詞，或定語從句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞表示不同的含義時(shí)，要根據(jù)其含義選用不同的介詞。
I can”t remember the age at which he won the prize.
That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness.
age在前句中意為“年歲”，與at搭配；在后句中意為“時(shí)期”，與in搭配。
4）復(fù)雜介詞須保持其完整形式，常見的復(fù)雜介詞有on the top of，in the middle of，in front of，in spite of，at the back of，because of等。
We took a photo of rocket，the length of which was about 30me- tres.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.
They marched through the square，in the middle of which stood a monument.
5）短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞不可與動(dòng)詞分開提至關(guān)系代詞前。常見的短語動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)isten to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of，look into，break into，get rid of，take part in，make use of，take hold of，catch hold of，catch up with，get along with，look forward to等。此時(shí)可用which，who，whom或that，也可將他們省略。
�。ㄕ`）This is the girl of whom he will take care.
�。ㄕ㏕his is the girl whom he will take careof.
6）當(dāng)介詞與定語從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞聯(lián)系緊密（但不是短語動(dòng)詞）時(shí)，介詞也可放在動(dòng)詞或形容詞的后面。但當(dāng)介詞與從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞聯(lián)系不緊密時(shí)，則需將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前。比較：
The space station which we drove to was in the desert.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
I”ll never forget the day in which I joined the Party.
后句中的in若置于句尾則有“孤零零”之感，這時(shí)宜將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前；而前句中的to則可后置。
5.關(guān)系代詞的選擇
用于介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只有which，whom，前者指物，后者指人。
There are many research stations on the earth in which outer space is studied.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（which指代research stations）
We questioned the pilot，from whom we learnt that no other planes had been seen.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（whom指代the pilot）
【由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句用法詳解】相關(guān)文章：
關(guān)于由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句07-06
語法知識(shí)：定語從句由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)07-07
引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用法分析07-06
中考關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句用法07-06
詳解定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞07-06