中考英語(yǔ)句型的復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)
1. It作先行主語(yǔ)和先行賓語(yǔ)的一些句型
She had said what it was necessary to say.
2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.
3. All+抽象名詞或抽象名詞+itself(very+形容詞)
He was all gentleness to her.
4. 利用詞匯重復(fù)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
A crime is a crime a crime.
5. something(much)of和nothing(little)of something of相當(dāng)于to some extent，表示程度。在疑問句或條件從句中，則為anything of ，可譯為有點(diǎn)，略微等。譯為毫無，全無。much of譯為大有，not much of可譯為算不上，稱不上，little of可譯為幾乎無。something like譯為有點(diǎn)像，略似。
They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.
6. 同格名詞修飾是指of前后的兩個(gè)名詞都指同一個(gè)人或物，of以及它前面的名詞構(gòu)一個(gè)形容詞短語(yǔ)，以修飾of后面的那個(gè)名詞。如her old sharper of a father，可譯為：她那騙子般的父親。
Those pigs of girls eat so much.
7. asascan(may)be
It is as plain as plain can be.
8. It is in(with)as in(with)
It is in life as in a journey.
9. as good as相等于，就像，幾乎如;實(shí)際上，其實(shí)，實(shí)在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.
10.many as wellas和might as well as many as wellas可譯為與其，不如，更好，以這樣做為宜，如同，也可以等等。might as well as表示不可能的事，可譯為猶如，可與一樣荒唐，與其那樣不如這樣的好等等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
11.to makeof的譯法(使成為，把當(dāng)作)
I will make a scientist of my son.
12. oo+不定式，not(never)too+不定式，toonot+不定式
She is too angry to speak.
13. only(not, all, but, never) too to do so 和too ready (apt) + to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式也沒有否定意義，凡是not，allbut等字后+tooto，不定式都失去了否定意義，在too ready(apt) +to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式也沒有否定意義。
You know but too yell to hold your tongue.
14. no more than句型
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.
15. not so muchas和not so much as 結(jié)構(gòu)，not so muchas=not so much as ，其中as有進(jìn)可換用but rather，可譯為：與其說是毋須說是。而not so much as=without(not)even，可譯為甚至還沒有。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .
16. Nothing is morethan和Nothing is so as結(jié)構(gòu)，Nothing is morethan和Nothing is so as都具有最高級(jí)比較的意思，Nothing I可換用no，nobody，nowhere，little，few，hardly，scarcely等等，可譯為沒有比更為，像再?zèng)]有了，最等。
Nothing is more precious than time.
17. cannottoo結(jié)構(gòu),cannottoo意為It is impossible to overdo或者，即無論怎樣也不算過分。not可換用hardly，scarcely等，too可換用enough，sufficient等
You cannot be too careful.
18. 否定+but 結(jié)構(gòu)，在否定詞后面的but，具有which not，who not，that not，等等否定意義，構(gòu)成前后的雙重否定。可譯成沒有不是或都等
Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.
19. 否定+until (till)結(jié)構(gòu)，在否定詞no，not，never，little，few，seldom等的后邊所接用的until/till，多數(shù)情況下譯為直到才，要才，把否定譯為肯定。
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.
20. not sobut和not such a but結(jié)構(gòu)，這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)和否定+but的結(jié)構(gòu)差不多，不同之點(diǎn)是這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的but是含有thatnot意味的連續(xù)詞，表示程度�？勺g為還沒有到不能做的程度，并不是不，無論怎樣也不是不能等。
He is not so sick but he can come to school.
21. 疑問詞+shouldbut 結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示過去的意外的事，意為nonebut，可譯為除了還有誰(shuí)會(huì)，豈料，想不到竟是等。
Who should write it but himself?
22. who knows but (that)和who could shouldbut結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是反問形式，一般意譯為多半，亦未可知等等，有時(shí)也可直譯。
Who knows but (that) he may go?
23. 祈使句+and和祈使句+or結(jié)構(gòu)，祈使句+and表示Ifyou，祈使名+or表示ifnot，you。
Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.
24. 名詞+and結(jié)構(gòu)，在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞等于狀語(yǔ)從句，或表示條件，或表示時(shí)間。
A word, and he would lose his temper.
25. as,so結(jié)構(gòu)，這里的so的意思是in the same way(也是如此)。此結(jié)構(gòu)表明兩個(gè)概念在程度上和關(guān)系上相似。
As rust eats iron, so care eats the heart.
26. if any結(jié)構(gòu)，if any和if ever，意思是果真有，即使有，表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。與此類似的還有：if anything(如有不同的話，如果稍有區(qū)別)，if a day(=at least，至少)。
There is little, if any, hope.
27. be it ever(never)so和let it be ever(never)so結(jié)構(gòu)，這里，be it中的be是古英語(yǔ)假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣的遺留形式，現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)則使用let it be。ever so和never so都表示同一意思，都表示very。
Be it ever so humble (let it be ever so humble), home is home.
28. the last+不定式和the last +定語(yǔ)從詞結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的last意思是the least likely，用于否定性推論�？勺g為最不大可能的，最不合適的，由原意的最后一個(gè)變成最不可能的一個(gè)。
He is the last man to accept a bride.
29. sothat句型，這個(gè)句型的意思是如此，以致于，但在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，許多情況下，并不是一定要譯成如此以致于，而是變通表達(dá)其含義。
He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.
30. more + than+原級(jí)形容詞(副詞)結(jié)構(gòu)，這是將不同性質(zhì)加以比較，其中的more有rather的意思。
It is more than probable that he will fall.
31. more than +動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示動(dòng)詞的程度，可譯為異常，豈止，十二分地等。
This more than satisfied me.
32. good and 的副詞用法，譯為非常，很等。類似還有nice and , fine and , lovely and , bright and , rare and , big and 等，均表示程度。
The apples are good and ripe.
33. and that結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)and that應(yīng)譯為而且，表示對(duì)它前面陳述部分的語(yǔ)氣加強(qiáng)，that代表前面的整個(gè)陳述部分。
Return to your work , and that at once.
34. at onceand結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)譯為既又，起相關(guān)連接的作用，相當(dāng)于bothand。
The novel is at once pleasing and instructive.
35. in that結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是在那一點(diǎn)上(方面)，可譯為因?yàn)�。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有in this。
The budget is unrealistic in that it disregards increased costs.
36. the name notwithstanding結(jié)構(gòu)，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中notwithstanding是介詞，這個(gè)介詞可以置前，可以置后，比如也可寫成：notwithstanding the name。起讓步狀語(yǔ)的作用。
Some people think of the storage battery as a sort of condenser where electricity is stored.But this is an entirely wrong conception, the name notwithstanding.
37. Everynot和Allnot結(jié)構(gòu)，Everynot表示不見得每個(gè)都是Allnot表示不見得所有都是的意思。
Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentlemen.
38. may as well notas結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)可譯為與其不如不。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly.
39. have only to do結(jié)構(gòu)，此結(jié)構(gòu)表示只須(消)就能的意思。
We have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery made by Edison to see the significance of it.
40. not (no) unless句型
No increase in output can be expected unless a new assembly line is installed.
41. betterthan句型
Better my life should be ended by their hate, than that hated life should be prolonged to live without your love.
42. as it were是一個(gè)非常常用的插入語(yǔ)，意思是好象，可以說等。
Apiece of iron near a magnet, though apparently separate from it , feels, as it were, the threads of this attachment.
43. 復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，在下面例句中，由于anyone的定語(yǔ)從句過長(zhǎng)，把謂語(yǔ)must realize提到定語(yǔ)從句之前。
Though faith and confidence are surely more or lass foreign to my nature, I do not infrequently find myself looking to them to be able, diligent, candid, and even honest. Plainly enough, that is too large an order, as anyone must realize who reflects upon the manner in which they reach public office.
44. notany more than為：不能，正如不能。
One cannot learn to sketch and express himself graphically only by reading about it any more than one can learn to swim while standing by the pool.
45. By that as it may是Let it be that as it may的省略形式，是由be引起的另外一種假設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是雖然如此，盡管這樣。
It is said that the nerve poison is the more primitive of the two, that the blood poison is, so to speak, a new product from an improved formula. Be that as it may, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison.
46. if at all是一個(gè)由if引起的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的短句結(jié)為即將，即使等。
I can see only with great difficulty, if at all.
47. 由there引起的句型容易產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu).
There have been opened up to the vast and excellent science, in which my work is the beginning, ways and means by which other minds more accurate than wine will explore its remote corners.
48. range from to結(jié)構(gòu)。這是一個(gè)常見結(jié)構(gòu)，譯時(shí)很多情況下應(yīng)變通處理，不能完全依靠辭典上的釋義。
Computer applications range from an assembly line completely run by computers to a children toy responding to remote signals.
49. the way結(jié)構(gòu)
I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.
50. 復(fù)雜賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)
In recent years, the development of sensitive and accurate measuring equipment has made it possible to measure the acuity of hearing of any individual at different frequencies.
51. 某些分隔結(jié)構(gòu)
1) 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)相關(guān)部分被分隔(當(dāng)make use of ，take notice of，pay attention to，
等動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí))。
Use is made of solar energy in heating houses.
2)雙重定語(yǔ)引起的`分隔。
But there is of culture another view, in which not solely the scientific passion, the sheer desire to see things as they are, natural and proper in an intelligent being, appears as the ground of it.
52. to be doingwhen是一個(gè)句型，多譯為某人正在做時(shí)，突然。在簡(jiǎn)單的句子中容易看出，一旦句子變得復(fù)雜一些，可能就不太容易識(shí)別這種句型。
She said she and a friend had gone out to dinner that night, and were walking home together at about 10 oclock, when a very big, very tall man, accosted them and demanded their purses.
53. tooto句型
Then I remembered how often I, too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.
54. so much that句型
But he developed gradually a very musical English. He learnt to write sentences that fall away on the ear with a misty languor and it delighted him so much that he could never have enough of it.
55. when引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)并不好譯，不能一看到when從句就考慮譯為當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，它還有許多種譯法。
Anything is better than not to write clearly. There is nothing to be said against lucidity, and against simplicity only the possibility of dryness. This is a risk that is well worth taking when you reflect how much better it is to be bold than to wear a curly wig.
56. notbecause，有時(shí)可否定前面，有時(shí)可否定because本身，往往出現(xiàn)歧義。應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文面判定。
In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor, because she had more readers, was Ella wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.
57. sothat, suchthat是一個(gè)普通的句型，但在同一個(gè)句子里有兩處使用它卻比較少見。
The truth is, that in one point of view, this matter of national literature has come to such a pass with us, that in some sense we must turn bullies, else the day is lost, or superiority so far beyond us, that we can hardly say it will ever be ours.
58. by doing結(jié)構(gòu)。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是通過(做)，但翻譯實(shí)踐中不能拘泥于這種釋義，不少情況下需要靈活變通。
The hippos, by depositing dung in the water, fed the fish that support the storks that destroy the rare trees.
59. 下面例句為一倒裝句，主語(yǔ)很長(zhǎng)，而且又含有非常復(fù)雜的句型。這是以形容詞作表語(yǔ)的倒裝，翻譯實(shí)踐中多把倒裝部分譯到最前面。
No less obvious is the fact there are great numbers of people so constituted or so brought up that they cannot get so much pleasure out of processes and experiences resulting in a poorer life less full of meaning.
60. whatof句型
I can not say of myself what Johnson said of Pope: He never passed a fault unamended by indifference, nor quitted it by despair. I do not write as I do; I write as I can.
61. 英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)習(xí)慣用法是：當(dāng)否定謂語(yǔ)think(believe)時(shí)，實(shí)際上是否定其后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。否定就落在賓語(yǔ)從句上。這樣賓語(yǔ)從句就變成了雙重否定，譯時(shí)可以按雙重否定譯，也可按肯定來譯。
It is a valuable work. I do not think anyone writes so well that he cannot learn much from it.
62. to have not(as) to see中的不定式也有否定意味。
He had not the good breeding to see that simplicity and naturalness are the truest marks of distinction.
63. It occurred to sb. that意為突然想到，It dawned on sb.that.突然想起等。 從句是想起的內(nèi)容。
I remember once being on a bus and looking at a stranger. He suddenly looked back at me-i.e.our eyes met. My instinctive reaction was to avert my gaze. It occurred to me that if I had continued to maintain eye contact, I would have been rude and aggressive.
64. It follows that=It happens as a result常常被譯為由此可見，因此，從前，可以推斷等等。
It follows that the housewife will also expect to be able to have more leisure in her life without lowering her standard of living. It also follows that human domestic servants will have completely ceased to exist.
65. thats all there is to it ，意思是也不過如此而已。可根據(jù)上下文視情況處理。
If Im touched, Im touched-thats all there is to it.
66. The chances are that是一句型，譯為有可能。
The chances are you will never attempt that speed with poetry or want to race though some passages in fiction over which you wish to linger.
67. Feel, see, leave引起賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，或在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中引起主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的某些慣用句型，有時(shí)see和feel這兩個(gè)詞的被動(dòng)式不大好譯。遇到這種情況應(yīng)挖掘其深層含義，不要拘泥于表面形式。
The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance.
68. 某此以no, nowhere, never, notbout, notany, nothing but, hardly, scarcely, seldom等否定詞語(yǔ)引出的一些結(jié)構(gòu)。
I never go past the theatre but I think of his last performance.
69. 某些用choice between, to know better, whether or, should have avoided(或done better)等表示從兩種做法中選取一種更好的做法
Then we are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfil needs which have hitherto been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of libing.
70. 某些省略情況，應(yīng)清單確認(rèn)省略的內(nèi)容。
The country had grown rich, its commerce was large, and wealth did its natural work in making life softer and more worldly, commerce in deprovincializing the minds of those engaged in it.
71. 修飾成分(包括定語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句等)多而長(zhǎng)。
Across the court from the Manhattan apartment that I have occupied for the past few years is a dog that often hurls insults into the darkness, a few of which my dog refuses to accept and makes a tart reply.
72. 一些外位語(yǔ)，所謂外位修飾，指從句子結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上不起主要信息表達(dá)功能的部分。其作用是從語(yǔ)氣和連接上下文等方面進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往可獨(dú)立成句，外形上不保留修飾的痕跡。
Of course, nobody was hurt this time, because we had all been to dinner, none of us being novices excepting Hastings; and he having been informed by the minister at the time that he invited him that in deference to the English custom the had not provided any dinner.
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