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2015專業(yè)八級(jí)真題
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.
Now, listen to the mini-lecture.
聽(tīng)力錄音下載：emrowgh.com/cn/Html/TEM/TEM8/204727072.html
Classifications of Cultures
According to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropologist. He is interested in relations between cultures.
I. High-context culture
A. feature
- context: more important than the message
- meaning: (1)__________
i.e. more attention paid to (2) ___________ than to the message itself
B. examples
- personal space
- preference for (3)__________
- lerespect for privacy / personal space
- attention to (4)___________
- concept of time
- belief in (5)____________ interpretation of time
- no concern for punctuality
- no control over time
II. Low-context culture
A. feature
- message: separate from context
- meaning: (6)___________
B. examples
- personal space
- desire / respect for individuality / privacy
- leattention to body language
- more concern for (7)___________
- attitude toward time
- concept of time: (8)____________
- dislike of (9)_____________
- time seen as commodity
III. Conclusion
Awareneof different cultural assumptions
- relevance in work and life
e.g. business, negotiation, etc.
- (10)_____________ in successful communication
參考答案：
(1) context of message
(2) what's happening / the context
(3) closeneto people
(4) body language
(5) poly-chronic
(6) message itself
(7) the message
(8) mono-chronic
(9) lateness
(10) great influence / significance
TIPS：
(1) 根據(jù)原文中一句“A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance.”可知答案。
(2) 根據(jù)原文“What this means is that in a high-context culture, more attention is paid to what's happening in and around the message than to the message itself.”可知答案。
(3) 根據(jù)原文“Generally speaking, in a high-context culture, because this greater dependency on group thinking, people lean towards heavier sense of involvement or closeneto people.”可得出答案。
(4) 根據(jù)原文“And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language.”可得出答案。
(5) 根據(jù)原文“People in high-context cultures, are considered to have, what is called a poly-chronic attitude toward time.”可得出答案。
(6) 根據(jù)原文“A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event or the action is a separate entity, having meaning onto itself, regardleof the surroundings or the context.”可得出答案。
(7) 根據(jù)原文“And you'll also see that people might pay leattention to body language, because as I said, the message is, the message is everything.”可得出答案。
(8) 原文提到在low-context culture中，人們對(duì)時(shí)間的態(tài)度可稱為mono-chronic。
(9) 根據(jù)原文“People in a low-context culture would be much more upset with lateness, because they feel that everyone should follow the same time.”可得出答案。
(10) 根據(jù)文章末尾部分“If you're in business, negotiations, interpersonal relations, if you're dealing with people from different cultures in any way, it's going to affect every part of your life. In any multi-cultural situation, these assumptions need to be taken into account for successful interactions.”可知，在商務(wù)活動(dòng)、談判、人際交往中，與來(lái)自不同文化的人打交道時(shí)，這些想法對(duì)成功的交際起著非常重要的作用。
script:
Classifications of Cultures
Good morning, everyone! Today, we'll look at culture or rather classifications of cultures. Usually, when we deal with different people, we deal with them as if we were all members of the same culture. However, it's possible that people from different cultures have different assumptions about the world. We got in such important and basic ideas as time, personal space. And this is the view of Edward Hall. And Edward Hall is an anthropologist
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