同學(xué)仍然只固守這個(gè)初中版本的表達(dá)法讓人審美疲勞，英語(yǔ)寫作中語(yǔ)言和句子的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤，當(dāng)形容詞不能分別來(lái)修飾時(shí)這就叫相重或累積形容詞，用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)過(guò)渡語(yǔ)插入語(yǔ)獨(dú)立短語(yǔ)和對(duì)比成分。
作文中常見(jiàn)句子錯(cuò)誤分析
1.非獨(dú)立性從句單獨(dú)成句
WemusttryhardtolearnEnglishwell.Becauseitwillbeveryusefulinourfuturework.
2.現(xiàn)在分詞獨(dú)立成句
Theygotupearlythatmorning.Hopingtocatchupthe6:30traintoBeijing.Revisedversion:Hopingtocatchupthe6:30traintoBeijing,theygotupearlythatmorning.
3.細(xì)節(jié)補(bǔ)充獨(dú)立成句
Itishardtokeepwithmonthlypayments.Suchastelephone,electric,andgasbill.
Itishardtokeepwithmonthlypayments,suchas…
4.無(wú)主句
Jerrydreamedofthedaythathewouldhavelotsofmoney.Andwoulduseittobuyanicehouse.
Jerrydreamedofthedaythathewouldhavelotsofmoneyandwoulduseitto1
buyanicehouse.
5.不間斷句子run-onsentence.這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤常常出現(xiàn)在原因段與建議段的topicsentence
Therearemanywayswegettoknowtheoutsideworld.
Tosolvethisproblem,therearesomemeasurescanbetaken.
Whatisthereasonleadtothesituation?補(bǔ)充：經(jīng)典的原因與建議的句子如下
causes1.Therearemanyforthisreasons
dramaticgrowth/decrease.First,...Second,...Finally,...
2.Anumberoffactorscanaccountforthechangein...
OrThereareseveralfactorsaccountingfor/contributingtothisphenomenon.
3.Anothercontributoryfactorof...is...
4.Whyaredodid...?...Foranother,...Foronething,Onereasonis....Anotheris....2
5.Severalfactorsareresponsibleforthisproblem.
6.Thecausesofmentalhealthproblemsoftenvaryalotfromonecasetoanother.
建議措施：
1.Itisnecessarythateffectiveactionsshouldbetakentopreventthesituation.
2.Hence,itisimperativeforustotakedrasticmeasures/steps.
3.Solutiontotheproblemrequiresjointeffortsonboththesocietyandthestudents
4.Weshouldappealtotheauthoritiestomakestrictlawstocontrolthisproblem.
http://emrowgh.com
6.Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvetheproblem.
6．受漢語(yǔ)負(fù)遷移的影響，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)用錯(cuò)，首字母大小寫也不注意，從而導(dǎo)致英語(yǔ)句子錯(cuò)誤。
Tosolvethisproblem.Somemeasuresmustbetaken.First.Thecollegesshould…
First,mostgraduatesprefertostayinlargecitiesthaninthecountryside,however,countrysidecanbelookeddownuponbycollegegraduates,italsoofferssomeopportunitiestostudents.
7.機(jī)械地逐字對(duì)譯
Ifyoumeetsometrouble,youcanlookfor(turnto)thepoliceman
Inrecentyears,alotofcollegestudentshasbeenincreasingquickly,atthesametime,collegestudentsarehardtohuntingforjobs.
Revisedversion:Inrecentyears, http://emrowgh.com nsequently,many
astudentfindsitincreasinglyhardtohuntasatisfactoryjob.
8.出現(xiàn)太多的陳腔濫調(diào)，要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生多用加分詞匯的意識(shí)。
So—therefore,consequentlysame---identical
But—howeverenough—sufficient,adequate
Agree—approvedeep—profoundgive---offer
Reduce---cutdownonatlast---eventuallyoften---frequently
Ability—competence,capabilitymany---asignificantnumberof
Like---favorthinkof–comeupwithmethod---approach
Beautiful---handsome,charming,attractive
Becauseof---thanksto,owingto,dueto,beresponsiblefor
9.Itis+important+forsb+todosth句式在四級(jí)作文中利用率比較高，但很多
同學(xué)仍然只固守這個(gè)初中版本的表達(dá)法，讓人審美疲勞。不妨給升華一下,兩種方法任選其一。
其一：Itisof+n.+forsbtodosth
Itisimportant/necessary/usefulforustolearnEnglishwell.
Itisofgreatimportance/necessityforustolearnEnglishwell.
其二，用加分形容詞如essential，crucial，beneficial等
高中英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)句子錯(cuò)誤分析
高中英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)句子錯(cuò)誤分析
1.run-onsentence-串句-
標(biāo)點(diǎn)使用和連詞造成的語(yǔ)義混亂。
Ritadecidetostopsmokingshedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.(wrong)
Ritadecidetostopsmoking;shedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.(correct)
Ritadecidetostopsmoking.Shedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.(correct)
Ritadecidetostopsmoking,forshedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.(correct)
2.fragmentarysentence-破句-
每個(gè)句子原則上都應(yīng)有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，否則就不能表達(dá)完整的
意思。
1）dependent-wordfragments-從屬連詞引起
AfterIarrivedinChicagobybus.Icheckedintoaroom.(wrong)
AfterIarrivedinChicagobybus,Icheckedintoaroom.(correct)
2）—ingfragment-動(dòng)詞的ing形式引起
Ispentalmosttwohoursonthephoneyesterday.Tryingtofindagaragetorepairmycar.(wrong)
Ispentalmosttwohoursonthephoneyesterday,tryingtofindagaragetorepairmycar.(correct)
Ispentalmosttwohoursonthephoneyesterday,andtriedtofindagaragetorepairmycar.(correct)
3）tofragment-不定式引起
Iplanonworkingovertime.Togetthisjobfinished.(wrong)Iplanonworkingovertimetogetthisjobfinished.(correct)
4）added-detailfragment-添加細(xì)節(jié)引起缺少主語(yǔ)或是謂語(yǔ)。Hefailedanumberofcoursesbeforeheearnedhisdegree.Amongthem,English1,Economics,andGeneralBiology.(wrong)
AmongthecourseshefailedbeforeheearnedhisdegreewereEnglish1,Economics,andGeneralBiology.(correct)
5）missing-subjectfragment-少主語(yǔ)
Sarahlookedwithadmirationattheattractivemodel.Andwonderedhowthemodellookeduponwakingupinthemorning.(wrong)
Sarahlookedwithadmirationattheattractivemodel,andwonderedhowthemodellookeduponwakingupinthemorning.(correct)
Sarahlookedwithadmirationattheattractivemodel.Andshewonderedhowthemodellookeduponwakingupinthemorning.
(correct)
3.faultyparallelism-錯(cuò)誤平行結(jié)構(gòu)
Sheworksdiligentlyandatnight.(不對(duì)等)
1）andwho/andwhichconstruction-
Tom,whoiswiseandintelligent,andwhoisourunionrepresentative,hasbeenpromotedtoforeman.(w)
Tom,whoiswiseandintelligentandwhoisourunionrepresentative,hasbeenpromotedtoforeman.(c)
2）correlativeconjunction-關(guān)聯(lián)詞
HewantseithertostudyEnglishLiteratureorstudyWorldHistory.(w)
HewantstostudyeitherEnglishLiteratureorstudyWorldHistory.(c)
3)makingaseriesofparallel-連續(xù)平行
Whenwearrivedhome,weunpackedoursuitcases,tookshowers,andthenwewenttosleepaftereatingourlunch.(w)
Whenwearrivedhome,weunpackedoursuitcases,tookshowers,ateourlunch,andwewenttosleep.(c)
4)watchingincorrectomission-警惕不正確的省略
Healwayshasandalwayswillcompeteforthehighesthonor.(w)
Healwayshascompetedandalwayswillcompeteforthehighesthonor.(c)
5)comparisonsusingthanoras-用than或as引起
HislearningisasextensiveasPaul.(w)
HislearningisasextensiveasPaul’s(learning).(c)
4.misplacedmodifier-修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)置
Billyelledatthehowlingdoginhisunderwear.(w)
Bill,inhisunderwear,yelledatthehowlingdog.(w)
5.danglingmodifier-垂懸修飾語(yǔ)
Afterthreehoursofpractice,alargemugofbeerwaswhatthethirstydancerswanted.(w)
Afterpracticingforthreehours,thethirstydancerswantedalargemugofbeer.c)
英語(yǔ)寫作中語(yǔ)言和句子的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤
英語(yǔ)寫作中語(yǔ)言和句子的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤
(一)逗號(hào)的使用問(wèn)題
逗號(hào)是用來(lái)幫助讀者更好地進(jìn)行閱讀的。沒(méi)有逗號(hào)句子就會(huì)發(fā)生碰撞，或者引起誤解。例：
誤解：IfyoucookElmerwilldothedishes.
誤解：Whilewewereeatingarattlesnakeapproachedourcampsite.
在合乎邏輯的地方加上逗號(hào)(aftercookandeating),立刻一切就會(huì)變明白了。就不會(huì)錯(cuò)誤地理解成為Elmerbeingcooked,therattlesnakebeingeaten.
1)在等立復(fù)合連接詞連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)句子的時(shí)候，在等立復(fù)合連接詞前面加逗號(hào)。如:and、but、or、nor、for、so和yet。
Nearlyeveryonehasheardofloveatfirstsight,butIfellinloveatfirstdance.
一個(gè)表示引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或句子后面用逗號(hào)(這個(gè)引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或句子一般作狀語(yǔ))。
WhenIrwinwasreadytoeat,hiscatjumpedontothetable.
Nearasmallstreamatthebottomofthecanyon,wediscoveredanabandonedshelter.在表示狀語(yǔ)的句子或短語(yǔ)比較短的情況下，一般不用逗號(hào)。
Innotimewewereat2,800feet.
當(dāng)分詞短語(yǔ)在句首做狀語(yǔ)，主要用于描述后面句子中緊跟著它的名詞或代詞時(shí)，要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)(不管句子的長(zhǎng)短)，這個(gè)逗號(hào)主要告訴讀者他們就要明白這個(gè)人或事情的身份或情況了。
Knowingthathecouldn'toutrunacar,Kevintooktothefields.
Excitedaboutthemove,AliceandDonbeganpackingtheirbooks.
注：其他表示引導(dǎo)的還有連接副詞、過(guò)渡詞和獨(dú)立短語(yǔ)。
3)表示一系列的項(xiàng)目時(shí)要用逗號(hào)(三個(gè)或更多個(gè))，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目可以是單個(gè)字、短語(yǔ)或者從句。
AtDominique'sonecansgroupsfilletofrattlesnake,bisonburgers,orpickledeel.
Myunclewilledmeallofhisproperty,houses,andwarehouses.
Theactivitiesincludeasearchforlosttreasure,dubiousfinancialdealings,muchdiscussionofancientheresies,andmidnightorgies.
4)在幾個(gè)并列形容詞之間用逗號(hào)或用and,而在相重或累積形容詞前面不用逗號(hào)。當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)形容詞來(lái)分別修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，它們叫做并列形容詞。
Motherhasbecomeastrong,confident,independentwoman.如果它們能夠用and來(lái)連接(strongandconfidentandindependent)，就叫做并列形容詞。
當(dāng)形容詞不能分別來(lái)修飾時(shí)，這就叫相重或累積形容詞。
Threelargegrayshapesmovedslowlytowardus.
并列形容詞：Robertisawarm,gentle,affectionatefather.
相重(累積)形容詞：Iraorderedarichchocolatelayercake.
5)用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)過(guò)渡語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立短語(yǔ)和對(duì)比成分。
過(guò)渡語(yǔ)包括連接副詞，如:however、therefore和moreover。
過(guò)渡短語(yǔ):forexample,asamatteroffact,inotherwords等。
Minhdidnotunderstandourlanguage;moreover,hewasunfamiliarwithourcustoms.Naturalfoodsarenotalwayssaltfree;forexample,celerycontainsmoresodiumthanmostpeoplewouldimagine.
當(dāng)連接副詞或過(guò)渡語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在句子的一開(kāi)始或者出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)獨(dú)立句子的中間時(shí)，它經(jīng)常要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。
Theprospectivebabysitterlookedverypromising;shewasbusy,however,throughoutthemonth
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ofJanuary.
Asamatteroffact,Americanfootballwasestablishedbyfanswhowantedtoplayamoreorganizedgameoffootball.
注：如果連接副詞或過(guò)渡語(yǔ)已經(jīng)和句子融為一體，在閱讀時(shí)無(wú)需停頓，就不再需要逗號(hào)了。
它們是:also、atleast、certainly、consequently、indeed、ofcourse、nodoubt、perhaps、then和
therefore.
Bill'stypewriterisbroken;thereforeyouwillneedtoborrowSue's.
插入語(yǔ)：提供補(bǔ)充評(píng)論或信息，常常出現(xiàn)在句中或者句末。
Evolution,asfarasweknow,doesn'tworkthisway.
Thestripedbaweighedabouttwelvepounds,giveortakeafewounces.
獨(dú)立短語(yǔ)：獨(dú)立短語(yǔ)常常修飾整個(gè)句子，它常常是一個(gè)名詞加一個(gè)分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)。Histennisgameatlastperfected,Chriswonthecup.
Brendawasforcedtorelyonpublictransportation,hercarshavingsbeenwreckedtheweekbefore.
對(duì)比成分：以not和unlike開(kāi)始的顯明對(duì)比成分應(yīng)用逗號(hào)將其隔開(kāi)。
NowthatIammarried,Janetalkstomeasanadult,notasherlittlesister.
Celia,unlikeRobert,hadnoloathingfordancecontests.
6)用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)直接稱呼名詞，yes和no，反意疑問(wèn)句的反問(wèn)部分，以及溫和感嘆詞。Forgiveus,Dr.Spock,forspankingBrian.
Yes,theLoanwillprobablybeapproved
Thefilmwasfaithfultothebook,wasn'tit?
Well,caseslikethesearedifficulttodecide.
7)用逗號(hào)將動(dòng)詞和直接引語(yǔ)隔開(kāi)。
NaturalistArthurClevelandBentremarked,“Inparttheperegrinedeclinedunnoticedbecauseit
isnotadorable.”
Convictionsaremoredangerousfoesoftruththanlies,wrotePhilosopherFriedrichNietzsche.
8)用逗號(hào)將日期、地址、頭銜和數(shù)字隔開(kāi)。
日期：在日期中要用一對(duì)逗號(hào)將年和句子的其他部分隔開(kāi)。
OnDecember12,1890,ordersweresentoutforthearrestofSittingBull.
注：如果日期前置或者只有年和月則不用逗號(hào)。
TherecyclingplangoessintoseffectonApril1993.
January1992wasanextremelycoldmonth.
地址：地址中的成分或地點(diǎn)名稱后面用逗號(hào)。郵編碼前不用逗號(hào)。
JohnLennonwasborninLiverpool,England,in1940.
PleasesendthepackagetoGregTarvinat708Springstreet,Washington,Illinois61571.稱號(hào)、頭銜：名字后面有稱號(hào)，那么就要用一對(duì)逗號(hào)將稱呼隔開(kāi)。
SandraBarnes,M.D.,performedthesurgery.(M.D.醫(yī)學(xué)博士)數(shù)學(xué)：后面用逗號(hào)。3，500〔or3500〕100，000
(二)句子不完整
在寫作中一定要寫完整的句子，即每個(gè)句子必須有它的動(dòng)詞(be動(dòng)詞或者實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)。一個(gè)完整的句子的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)
2
該是：1主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)；2主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)；3主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等句子形式。
1)Smallportablemachineswhichgeneratenegativeirons.(錯(cuò))
Theyhaveinventedsmallportablemachineswhichgeneratenegativeirons.(正確)
2)TheyenjoyreadingclassicChineseLiterature.SuchasthepoetrybyLiBaiandDuFu.(錯(cuò))
TheyenjoyreadingclassicChineseLiterature.suchasthepoetrybyLiBaiandDuFu.(正確)
注：hence后面可以直接跟名詞而獨(dú)立成句。
(三)避免粘連句
粘連句就是指用逗號(hào)連接數(shù)個(gè)獨(dú)立的分句。
例：Anoldwomanlivedinthehouse,shesurprisedHanselandGreteltheywereeatingpartsof
herhome.(錯(cuò))
該句中有3個(gè)主語(yǔ)(oldwoman,she,they)，三個(gè)動(dòng)詞(lived,surprised,和wereeating)，分句可以用句號(hào)，
分號(hào)(而不是逗號(hào))或使用連接詞。最普通的連接詞是:and,but,so和or。連接代詞有who,which,和that，還有表
示時(shí)間連接詞:before,after,when和soon。
上句可以改為：
①Anoldwomanlivedinthehouse.ShesurprisedHanselandGretel.Theywereeatingpartsofher
home.
②AnoldwomanlivedinthehouseandshesurprisedHanselandGretelandtheywereeatingpartsofherhouse.
③TheoldwomanwholivedinthehousesurprisedHanselandGretelwhiletheywereeatingpartsofherhouse.
While和who就使句子的邏輯比②句就清楚明白得多了。
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