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談判技巧案例分析
日本國內(nèi)紅豆欠收,日本一家公司急需從中國進(jìn)口一批紅豆。中國有相當(dāng)多的庫存,但有相當(dāng)一部分是前一年的存貨,我國希望先出售舊貨,而日方則希望全是新貨。雙方就此展開談判。
談判開始后,日方首先大訴其苦,訴說己方面臨的種種困難,希望得到中方的幫助。 我方開誠布公地介紹了我方紅豆的情況:新貨庫存不足,陳貨偏多。價格上新貨要高一些,因此希望日方購買去年的存貨。雖經(jīng)再三說明,日方仍然堅持全部購買新貨,談判陷入僵局。 第二天,雙方再次回到談判桌前。日方首先拿出一份最新的官方報紙,指著上面的一篇報道說:“你們的報紙報道今年的紅豆獲得了大豐收,所以,不存在供應(yīng)量的問題,我們依然堅持昨天的觀點!
日方本來最初的訂貨量計劃為2000噸,但稱訂貨量為3000噸,并要求新貨量為2000噸。中方聽后連連搖頭:“3000噸我們可以保證,但是其中2000噸新貨是不可能的,我們至多只能給800噸。”日方認(rèn)為800噸太少,希望能再多供應(yīng)一些。中方誠懇地說:“考慮到你們的訂貨量較大,才答應(yīng)供應(yīng)800噸,否則,連800噸都是不可能的,我方已盡力而為了”。 “既然你們不能增加新貨量,那我們要求將訂貨量降為2000噸,因為那么多的舊貨我們回去也無法交代”。中方表示不同意,談判再次中斷。
過了兩天,日方又來了,他們沒有找到更合適的供應(yīng)商,而且時間也不容許他們再繼續(xù)拖下去。這次,日方主動要求把自己的總訂貨量提高到2200噸,其中800噸新貨保持不變。 中方的答復(fù):剛還有一位客戶訂購了一批紅豆,其中包括200噸新貨(實際那位客戶只買走100噸)。這下,日方沉不住氣了,抱怨中方不守信用,中方據(jù)理力爭:“這之前,我們并沒有簽訂任何協(xié)議,你本人也并未要求我們替你保留!比辗阶灾硖潱簿筒辉僬f什么,然后借口出去一下,實際是往總部打電話;貋砗,一副很沮喪的樣子,他對中方說:“如果這件事辦不好,那么回去后我將被降職、降薪,這將使我很難堪,希望你們能考慮到我的難處。”
考慮到將來可能還有合作的機(jī)會,況且剛才所說的賣掉200噸也是謊稱,何不拿剩下的100噸做個人情。于是中方很寬容地說:“我們做生意都不容易,這樣吧,我在想辦法幫你弄到100噸新貨!
日方一聽喜出望外,連連感謝。最后,雙方愉快地在合同上簽了字。
二、案例中的談判策略:
我方在談判伊始采用坦誠式的開局策略:案例中我方是賣方,按照國際慣例由我方就紅豆情況先行介紹,我方陳述舊貨庫存較多而新貨不足。而日方了解情況后謊稱進(jìn)貨量為3000噸,而實際上只需2000噸,而且新貨就要2000噸。中方聽后予以回絕。從中我們可以看出日方采用了投石問路的策略,日方雖然知道中方今年紅豆獲得了大豐收,但不知道具體有多少,通過這一策略知道中方確實實力雄厚,能夠滿足日方的需求。
日方明知中方不會答應(yīng)2000噸新貨的要求而實施了一石三鳥之計:其一,探清了中方的底細(xì);其二,若能滿足自己的要求,自己的利益就能獲得很大的滿足;其三,退而求其次,在中方不同意的情況下,順便把“皮球”踢給我方,而自己又可以在“理所應(yīng)當(dāng)”的借口給自己找臺階下。
中方還采用了故布疑陣、競爭的策略?紤]到將來可能還有合作的機(jī)會,況且剛才所說的賣掉200噸也是謊稱,何不拿剩下的100噸做個人情。于是中方很寬容地說:“我們做生意都不容易,這樣吧,我在想辦法幫你弄到100噸新貨!辈扇×擞鼗夭呗院统銎洳灰獾牟呗裕屓辗礁杏X到中方作出如此讓步已經(jīng)是盡了最大的努力,在這里中方軟硬兼施的策略運用的也非常好。
In this case, there are some strategies:
1、China takes frank opening as strategy at the beginning of the negotiation: China is the seller in this case, and according to international practice China introduces the situation of ormosia firstly. China states that new ormosia is not enough while old ormosia reserves much. However, after knowing the situation Japan lies that they need for 3000 tons and 2000 tons new ormosia is concluded. We can see that Japan uses the reserved opening strategy. Japan knows that China has a good harvest of ormosia this year but doesn't know how much exactly. Through this strategy Japan wants to know Chinese real strength and whether China can meet their needs.
Have Known that the Chinese would not consent to the requirement of 2000 tons of new goods , the Japanese implement the “hitting three birds with one stone” strategy. First, get to the bottom of Chinese. Besides, the Japanese think that if the Chinese can meet their requirements, their own benefits can get great satisfaction. Finally, the Japanese settle for second best. with the situation that the Chinese do not agree with them, the Japanese kick the”ball” to the Chinese and they were able to climb down for granted.
While the Chinese adopted suspense and competitive strategy.
Considering that there may be opportunities to cooperate with the Japanese in the future and it is a lie that they have sold 200 tons of new goods, the Chinese think that why not take the remaining 100 tons to do they a good turn. So the Chinese is very tolerant to say,“It is not a easy thing to do business, so I could try to help you to get 100 tons of new goods.” Take the circuitous tactics and unexpected strategy, the Chinese make the Janpanese feel that they have tried their best to make such a concession. It is wise for the Chinese to apply the “act tough and talk soft” strstegy here.
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