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初一

初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

時(shí)間:2022-07-28 14:31:22 初一 我要投稿

初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

  在年少學(xué)習(xí)的日子里,相信大家一定都接觸過知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧!知識(shí)點(diǎn)在教育實(shí)踐中,是指對(duì)某一個(gè)知識(shí)的泛稱。你知道哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)是真正對(duì)我們有幫助的嗎?以下是小編為大家收集的初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn),歡迎大家分享。

初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

  初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn) 1

  一、48個(gè)國(guó)際音標(biāo)及26個(gè)英文字母的正確書寫

  要熟練掌握元音和輔音,5個(gè)元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正確占格及單詞間距。

  二、be動(dòng)詞的用法

  be動(dòng)詞有三種變形,分別是:am, is, are。記憶口訣:

  “我“用am, “你“用are, is用于“他、她、它“;單數(shù)全都用is,復(fù)數(shù)全部都用are。

  三、人稱及人稱代詞的不同形式(主格和賓格)

  1、三種人稱:第一人稱(I, we),第二人稱(you, you),第三人稱(he, she, it, Maria)。

  2、人稱代詞的主格,即人稱代詞位于句子主語(yǔ)位置時(shí)的形態(tài):I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。

  3、人稱代詞的賓格,即人稱代詞位于句子賓語(yǔ)位置時(shí)的形態(tài):me, us, you, you, him, her, it。

  4、形容詞性物主代詞:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。

  5、名詞性物主代詞:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。

  6、反身代詞:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。

  四、基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)量多少的詞,大致相當(dāng)于代數(shù)里的自然數(shù))

  zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。

  五、一般疑問句及特殊疑問句

  1、一般疑問句:能用Yes或No來回答的問句。一般疑問句句尾讀升調(diào)。

  2、特殊疑問句:不能用Yes或No來回答的問句。特殊疑問句句尾讀降調(diào)。

  六、可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)

  可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。

  1、規(guī)則變化:

 。1)一般情況直接在詞尾加“-s “,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;

 。2)以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的詞,要在詞尾加“-es “,如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;

 。3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i再加“-es “,如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;

 。4)部分以f (e)結(jié)尾的詞,變f (e)為“ves “,如:knife-knives, half-halves等;

 。5)以o結(jié)尾的詞,加“-s “或“-es “,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。記憶口訣:除了“英雄“hero外,凡是能吃的,加“-es “,不能吃的加“-s “。

  2、不規(guī)則變化:

 。1)改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;

 。2)單、復(fù)同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;

 。3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。

  七、簡(jiǎn)單句的成分及主謂一致原則

  最基本構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ),其中謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)。

  主謂一致原則,就是句子的謂語(yǔ)要始終與主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)量上的一致性。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)(簡(jiǎn)稱“三單“)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)變成單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)非“三單“時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用原形。實(shí)意動(dòng)詞變“三單“的規(guī)則如下:

  (1)一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加“-s “,如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;

  (2)以字母s, x,ch, sh結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加“-es “,如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;

 。3)以o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞一般加“-es “,如:do-does, go-goes等;

 。4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先變y為i,再加“-而是“,如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;

 。5)have的三單形式是has。

  八、冠詞的用法(名詞前面必須要有冠詞)

  冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)兩種。

  1、定冠詞the表示“特指“,可譯為“這個(gè)“、“那個(gè)“、“這些“、“那些“。

  2、不定冠詞a, an用來表明(可數(shù))名詞的數(shù)量是“一個(gè)“。an用于以元音開頭(注意不是以元音字母開頭)的單詞前,a則英語(yǔ)非元音開頭的單詞前。

  3、不定冠詞a, an與基數(shù)詞one的區(qū)別是:不定冠詞不是刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)“數(shù)量“,而基數(shù)詞則強(qiáng)調(diào)“數(shù)量“。

  九、助動(dòng)詞(do, does )的用法

  只有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)才涉及使用助動(dòng)詞。以like為例:

 。1)當(dāng)句子為肯定句時(shí)不涉及使用助動(dòng)詞,只涉及“主謂一致“原則。

  eg : I like English a lot.

  Michael likes Chinese food very much.

  (2)當(dāng)句子為否定句時(shí),要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱來決定使用相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為“三單“時(shí),要使用does;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為“非三單“時(shí),用助動(dòng)詞原形do。例如把下列句子變否定句:

  Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesnt like math.

  They like sports.------They dont like sports.

 。3)當(dāng)句子變疑問句時(shí),同樣要根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)來決定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子變問句:

  Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesnt.

  Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they dont.

  十、名詞所有格

  1、Kangkangs books;Tom and Helens desk; Anns and Marias bikes;

  2、用of表示“......的“,但要從of后往of前翻譯:a book of mine(我的一本書)

  3、have與of的區(qū)別:

  have一般表示“主動(dòng)擁有“,往往用于有生命的人或動(dòng)物;無生命的物體一般不能“主動(dòng)擁有“,表示所屬關(guān)系時(shí)要用of。例如:

  I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.

  a door of the house

  十一、初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)之課本中的知識(shí)點(diǎn)

  1、Unit 1 --Unit 2

 。1)問候語(yǔ):

  Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.

  How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.

  Hi! Hello!

  How do you do?

 。2)道別用語(yǔ):

  Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次見面,see用于熟人間)

  Nice to meet/ see you, too.

  Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!

  (3)介紹人或者物的'句型:This is...

 。4)Excuse me.與Im sorry.的區(qū)別:

  Excuse me.是要引起對(duì)方的注意,而Im sorry.則是向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?/p>

 。5)詞組be from = come from

 。6)當(dāng)問句中問到this/ that時(shí),回答要用it;問到these/ those時(shí),要用they來回答。例如:Whats this in English?----Its an eraser.

  What are those?----They are books.

 。7)對(duì)Thanks.的回答:Thats OK./ Youre welcome./ My pleasur.

  (8)look the same = have the same looks

  give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.

  be like = look like

  in the tree/ on the tree (樹上結(jié)的、長(zhǎng)出來的用on,否則用in)

  in red(穿著紅色的衣服)

  in the desk(在空間范圍之內(nèi))

  in English(用英語(yǔ))

  help sb. do sth.

 。9)both與all的區(qū)別:

  both表示“兩者都......“;all表示“三者及以上都......“。

  2、Unit 3--Unit 4

 。1)speak的用法

  speak與say不同:speak表示“說“的動(dòng)作,不表示“說“的內(nèi)容;say則表示“說“的內(nèi)容。

  speak后面除了能接“語(yǔ)言“外,不能直接接?xùn)|西,后面加了to則表示“對(duì)......說“。

  help sb. with sth.(幫助某人做/補(bǔ)x.)

  want to do sth.(想要做某事)

  would like to do sth.

  not...at all(一點(diǎn)都不);Not at all.(沒關(guān)系/別介意)

  like...a lot = like...very much

 。2)some和any的區(qū)別:

  口訣:some用于肯定句,否定、疑問變any。例如:

  I have some money.

  I dont have any money.

  Do you have any money?

 。3)have a seat = take a seat(請(qǐng)隨便坐)

  (4)祈使句(表示命令或請(qǐng)求的句子)

  祈使句一般都省略了主語(yǔ)You,所以其否定句直接用Dont開頭。例如:

  Dont go there!

  (5)問職業(yè):

  What does sb. do?

  What is sb.?

  Whats sb.s job?

 。6)work與job的區(qū)別:

  work是未必有報(bào)酬的“工作“,例如homework, housework;而job則一定是有報(bào)酬的“工作“。

 。7)on指在物體的表面,不論這個(gè)面是否水平的,例如:

  on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground

 。8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在醫(yī)院里)

  look after(照料/照顧/照看)

  help oneself(請(qǐng)自便/隨便吃)

 。9)表示“建議“的句型:“做某事如何?“

  What about (doing) sth.? (英式英語(yǔ))

  How about (doing) sth.? (美式英語(yǔ))

  Why dont you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?

  (10)“吃“一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper

  have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper

  take ones order

  be kind to sb.

 。11)try on這個(gè)詞組可合可分:名詞可以放在這個(gè)詞組的中間或后面,但代詞只能放在詞組的中間。

 。12)在口語(yǔ)中往往用take表示“買“。

 。13)how many與how much的區(qū)別:

  how many +可數(shù)名詞;how much +不可數(shù)名詞

 。14)What do you think of...?是詢問對(duì)方對(duì)某事物的看法;

  How do you like...?是問對(duì)方對(duì)某事物喜歡的程度。

  think about(考慮)

  Thank you all the same. (即使對(duì)方?jīng)]能幫上忙,也要禮貌道謝)

  Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作為動(dòng)詞,不能單獨(dú)使用。)

 。15)one與it的區(qū)別:

  當(dāng)上下文說的是同一種類事物時(shí),任意一個(gè)可以用one來代替;如果上下文所說的是同一個(gè)事物時(shí)則用it。例如:

  Ann:I have a yellow bag.

  Jane:I have a green one.

  Tom:Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?

  Mike:Look, its over there.

 。16)倒裝句

  Here you are.

  Here it is.

 。17)be free (有空/免費(fèi))

  forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)

  forget doing sth.(忘了做過某事)

  Whats up? = Whats wrong with...? = Whats the matter with...?

 。18)go + v.-ing結(jié)構(gòu)的含義:為了實(shí)現(xiàn)某目的才去的。例如:

  go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等

 。19)have to do sth.(非主觀因素,強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀因素,“不得不去做某事“)

  must則表示主觀愿望

 。20)fly a kite = fly kites

  be free = have time

 。21)句型“該干某事了!埃篒ts time to do sth. = Its time for sth.

  例如:該吃午飯了.

  Its time to have lunch. = Its time for lunch.

 。22)時(shí)間的表述

  當(dāng)分針?biāo)傅臅r(shí)間大于0分、小于等于30分鐘時(shí),用“分鐘“past“小時(shí)“。例如:

  8:23--twenty-three past eight

  當(dāng)分針?biāo)傅臅r(shí)間大于30分鐘、小于60分鐘時(shí),用“剩余的時(shí)間“to“下一個(gè)整點(diǎn)“。例如:

  8:49--eleven to nine

  當(dāng)然,還可以直接按照小時(shí)、分鐘去讀出時(shí)間,例如:

  8:23--eight twenty-three; 8:49--eight forty-nine

  整點(diǎn)則在數(shù)詞后加“-oclock“,例如:8:00--eight oclock

  在鐘點(diǎn)前介詞要用at.

  初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn) 2

  1、動(dòng)詞的種類(四類)

  系動(dòng)詞如be(is am are);情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如can 、may、need;助動(dòng)詞( do does);行為動(dòng)詞如take 、bring、eat、have(has)、like、sell、buy、sale、play、see、find、go、watch、thank、think等

  2、動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)(與名詞的復(fù)數(shù)一樣)

  如eat(eats) take (takes) buy (buys) play (plays) have(has) are (is)

  3、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))

 。 1)含有系動(dòng)詞的

  I’m a Chinese boy .

  She is twelve .

  He is Tim’s brother .

  Her mother is an English teacher .

  含有系動(dòng)詞的句子在變一般疑問句時(shí)只將“主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞交換位置”,上面句子變成一般疑問句時(shí)分別為

  Are you a Chinese boy ?(注意第一人稱通常變?yōu)榈诙朔Q)

  Is she twelve ?

  Is he Tim’s brother ?

  Is her mother an English teacher ?

  含有系動(dòng)詞的句子在變否定句時(shí)只須“在系動(dòng)詞的后邊加上not”,前面的幾個(gè)了陳述句變否定句分別為

  I’m not a Chinese boy.

  She isn’t twelve .

  He is not Tim’s btother .

  Her mother isn’t an English teacher .

 。2)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子( can ),

  She can play basketball.

  His mother’s cousin can sing many English songs.

  含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子在變一般疑問句時(shí)只須將“主語(yǔ)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞交換位置”,上面兩句變一般疑問句分別為

  Can she play basketball ?

  Can his mother’s cousin sing many English songs ?

  含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子在變否定句時(shí)直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的后邊加上not ,上面兩個(gè)陳述句變否定句分別為

  She can not play basketball .

  His mother’s cousin can not sing many English songs .

  (3)含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子

  We have many friends.

  They watch TV at 7 in the evening .

  The students take their books to school .

  I have lunch at school .

  You have a sister .

  1含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子在變一般疑問句時(shí)要在原句子的前面加do.上面的句子變成一般疑問句分別為

  Do you have many friends ?

  Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ?

  Do the students take their books to school ?

  Do you have lunch at school ?

  Do you have a sister ?

  2含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子在變否定句時(shí)只須在行為動(dòng)詞前加don’t .上述五個(gè)陳述句變否定句分別為

  We don’t have many friends.

  They don’t watch TV at 7 in the evening .

  The students don’t take their books to school .

  I don’t have lunch at school .

  You don’t have a sister .

  3含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),行為動(dòng)詞要加s (或es)如:

  She has a red pen .

  He has eggs for breakfast .

  Her mother buys a skirt for her .

  She likes thrillers .

  My brother watches TV every evening .

  He wants to go to a movie .

  含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),變一般疑問句要“在原句子的前面加上does ,同時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞要還原”。上面的句子變成一般疑問句分別為:

  Does she have a red pen ?

  Does he have eggs for breakfast ?

  Does her mother buy a skirt for her ?

  Does she like thrillers ?

  Does your brother watch TV every evening ?

  Does he want to go to a movie ?

  含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),變否定句時(shí)“在行為動(dòng)詞前面加does’nt ,同時(shí)原行為動(dòng)詞要還原”。上面的句子變否定句分別為:

  She doesn’t have a red pen .

  He doesn’t have eggs for breakfast .

  Her mother doesn’t buy a skirt for her .

  She doesn’t like thrillers .

  My brother doesn’t watch TV every evening .

  He doesn’t want to go to a movie .

  初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn) 3

  1、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

 。1)、一般的直接加s,如desk(desks) 、pen(pens) 、ruler(rulers)

 。2)、以x 、s、ch、sh結(jié)尾的加es如box(boxes)、class(classes)、watch(watches)等

  (3)、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的要變y為i加es,如family ,comedy,documentary等

  (4)、以0結(jié)尾的名詞,有生命的加es如:tomato(tomatoes) 、potato (potatoes );沒有生命的加s,如

  photo(photos)、piano(pianos)、zero(zeros)

  2、名詞所有格在名詞的后邊加’s ,表示后面的名詞屬于前面的名詞所有,如LiLei’s bag Tom’s desk 、her mother’s brother

  3、專用名詞的大寫

  如English、Brown 、Rush 、Sunday 、January 、December、 Beijing Opera

  初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn) 4

  like一詞的用法

  like用作及物動(dòng)詞,譯為“喜歡”。

 。1)后接名詞或代詞,表示喜歡某人或某物。如:

  I like the baby very much. 我非常喜歡這個(gè)小孩。

  (2)后接動(dòng)名詞(v. -ing),表示“喜歡做某事”,著重于習(xí)慣、愛好。如:

  Tom likes playing football. 湯姆喜歡踢足球。

 。3)后接動(dòng)詞不定式(to do ),表示“偶爾地喜歡做某事”,著重于某次具體的行為。如:

  I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜歡讀書,但我今晚想看電視。

  句子單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),注意以下五要素

  (1)主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。

  如:She is a girl. →They are girls.

 。2)am,is要變?yōu)閍re。如:

  I’m a student. →We are students.

  (3)不定冠詞a,an要去掉。如:

  He is a boy. →They are boys.

 。4)普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如:

  It is an apple. →They are apples.

  (5)指示代詞this,that要變?yōu)閠hese,those。如:

  This is a box. →These are boxes.

  英語(yǔ)日期的表示法

  英語(yǔ)中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞,它們的首字母必須大寫,并且前面無需用冠詞。

  用英語(yǔ)表示日期,其順序?yàn)樵?日+年,日和年之間需用逗號(hào)隔開。如:August 2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年來表示。如:10th May,2003(2003年5月10日)英語(yǔ)日期前介詞的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,則用介詞in,若具體到某一天,則需用介詞on。

  時(shí)間的表達(dá)法

 。1) 直讀式,即直接讀出時(shí)間數(shù)字

  7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen

  (2) 過、差式,即幾點(diǎn)差幾分,幾點(diǎn)過幾分。(以30分為分界線)

  1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two

  3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five

 。3)12小時(shí)制

  6:00 a.m. 上午6點(diǎn) 8:20 p.m. 下午8點(diǎn)20分

  (4)24小時(shí)制

  13:00 13點(diǎn)鐘 22:15 22點(diǎn)15分

 。5)15分可用quarter

  4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six

 。6)時(shí)間前通常用at.

  at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.

  want用法

  (1)想干什么用want to do sth

  They want to join the sports club. 他們想加入運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂部。

  (2)第三人稱單數(shù)作主語(yǔ),want要作變化

  ①He wants to play basketball.

 、贚i Xia wants to play the piano.

 。3)變疑問句,否定句要借助助動(dòng)詞do或does.

 、伲璂o you want to play soccer ball ? -Yes , I do . / No , I don’t.

  ②-Does he want to go home by bus ? -Yes , he does . / No , he doesn’t.

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