初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
在年少學(xué)習(xí)的日子里,相信大家一定都接觸過知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧!知識(shí)點(diǎn)在教育實(shí)踐中,是指對(duì)某一個(gè)知識(shí)的泛稱。你知道哪些知識(shí)點(diǎn)是真正對(duì)我們有幫助的嗎?以下是小編為大家收集的初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn),歡迎大家分享。
初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn) 1
一、48個(gè)國(guó)際音標(biāo)及26個(gè)英文字母的正確書寫
要熟練掌握元音和輔音,5個(gè)元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正確占格及單詞間距。
二、be動(dòng)詞的用法
be動(dòng)詞有三種變形,分別是:am, is, are。記憶口訣:
“我“用am, “你“用are, is用于“他、她、它“;單數(shù)全都用is,復(fù)數(shù)全部都用are。
三、人稱及人稱代詞的不同形式(主格和賓格)
1、三種人稱:第一人稱(I, we),第二人稱(you, you),第三人稱(he, she, it, Maria)。
2、人稱代詞的主格,即人稱代詞位于句子主語(yǔ)位置時(shí)的形態(tài):I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。
3、人稱代詞的賓格,即人稱代詞位于句子賓語(yǔ)位置時(shí)的形態(tài):me, us, you, you, him, her, it。
4、形容詞性物主代詞:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。
5、名詞性物主代詞:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。
6、反身代詞:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。
四、基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)量多少的詞,大致相當(dāng)于代數(shù)里的自然數(shù))
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。
五、一般疑問句及特殊疑問句
1、一般疑問句:能用Yes或No來回答的問句。一般疑問句句尾讀升調(diào)。
2、特殊疑問句:不能用Yes或No來回答的問句。特殊疑問句句尾讀降調(diào)。
六、可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)
可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。
1、規(guī)則變化:
。1)一般情況直接在詞尾加“-s “,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
。2)以s, x, sh, ch結(jié)尾的詞,要在詞尾加“-es “,如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
。3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i再加“-es “,如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
。4)部分以f (e)結(jié)尾的詞,變f (e)為“ves “,如:knife-knives, half-halves等;
。5)以o結(jié)尾的詞,加“-s “或“-es “,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。記憶口訣:除了“英雄“hero外,凡是能吃的,加“-es “,不能吃的加“-s “。
2、不規(guī)則變化:
。1)改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;
。2)單、復(fù)同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;
。3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。
七、簡(jiǎn)單句的成分及主謂一致原則
最基本構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ),其中謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)。
主謂一致原則,就是句子的謂語(yǔ)要始終與主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)量上的一致性。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)(簡(jiǎn)稱“三單“)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要相應(yīng)變成單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)非“三單“時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用原形。實(shí)意動(dòng)詞變“三單“的規(guī)則如下:
(1)一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加“-s “,如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
(2)以字母s, x,ch, sh結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加“-es “,如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;
。3)以o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞一般加“-es “,如:do-does, go-goes等;
。4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先變y為i,再加“-而是“,如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;
。5)have的三單形式是has。
八、冠詞的用法(名詞前面必須要有冠詞)
冠詞分為定冠詞(the)和不定冠詞(a, an)兩種。
1、定冠詞the表示“特指“,可譯為“這個(gè)“、“那個(gè)“、“這些“、“那些“。
2、不定冠詞a, an用來表明(可數(shù))名詞的數(shù)量是“一個(gè)“。an用于以元音開頭(注意不是以元音字母開頭)的單詞前,a則英語(yǔ)非元音開頭的單詞前。
3、不定冠詞a, an與基數(shù)詞one的區(qū)別是:不定冠詞不是刻意強(qiáng)調(diào)“數(shù)量“,而基數(shù)詞則強(qiáng)調(diào)“數(shù)量“。
九、助動(dòng)詞(do, does )的用法
只有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)才涉及使用助動(dòng)詞。以like為例:
。1)當(dāng)句子為肯定句時(shí)不涉及使用助動(dòng)詞,只涉及“主謂一致“原則。
eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
(2)當(dāng)句子為否定句時(shí),要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱來決定使用相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為“三單“時(shí),要使用does;當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為“非三單“時(shí),用助動(dòng)詞原形do。例如把下列句子變否定句:
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesnt like math.
They like sports.------They dont like sports.
。3)當(dāng)句子變疑問句時(shí),同樣要根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)來決定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子變問句:
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesnt.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they dont.
十、名詞所有格
1、Kangkangs books;Tom and Helens desk; Anns and Marias bikes;
2、用of表示“......的“,但要從of后往of前翻譯:a book of mine(我的一本書)
3、have與of的區(qū)別:
have一般表示“主動(dòng)擁有“,往往用于有生命的人或動(dòng)物;無生命的物體一般不能“主動(dòng)擁有“,表示所屬關(guān)系時(shí)要用of。例如:
I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.
a door of the house
十一、初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)之課本中的知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1、Unit 1 --Unit 2
。1)問候語(yǔ):
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.
Hi! Hello!
How do you do?
。2)道別用語(yǔ):
Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次見面,see用于熟人間)
Nice to meet/ see you, too.
Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!
(3)介紹人或者物的'句型:This is...
。4)Excuse me.與Im sorry.的區(qū)別:
Excuse me.是要引起對(duì)方的注意,而Im sorry.則是向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?/p>
。5)詞組be from = come from
。6)當(dāng)問句中問到this/ that時(shí),回答要用it;問到these/ those時(shí),要用they來回答。例如:Whats this in English?----Its an eraser.
What are those?----They are books.
。7)對(duì)Thanks.的回答:Thats OK./ Youre welcome./ My pleasur.
(8)look the same = have the same looks
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
be like = look like
in the tree/ on the tree (樹上結(jié)的、長(zhǎng)出來的用on,否則用in)
in red(穿著紅色的衣服)
in the desk(在空間范圍之內(nèi))
in English(用英語(yǔ))
help sb. do sth.
。9)both與all的區(qū)別:
both表示“兩者都......“;all表示“三者及以上都......“。
2、Unit 3--Unit 4
。1)speak的用法
speak與say不同:speak表示“說“的動(dòng)作,不表示“說“的內(nèi)容;say則表示“說“的內(nèi)容。
speak后面除了能接“語(yǔ)言“外,不能直接接?xùn)|西,后面加了to則表示“對(duì)......說“。
help sb. with sth.(幫助某人做/補(bǔ)x.)
want to do sth.(想要做某事)
would like to do sth.
not...at all(一點(diǎn)都不);Not at all.(沒關(guān)系/別介意)
like...a lot = like...very much
。2)some和any的區(qū)別:
口訣:some用于肯定句,否定、疑問變any。例如:
I have some money.
I dont have any money.
Do you have any money?
。3)have a seat = take a seat(請(qǐng)隨便坐)
(4)祈使句(表示命令或請(qǐng)求的句子)
祈使句一般都省略了主語(yǔ)You,所以其否定句直接用Dont開頭。例如:
Dont go there!
(5)問職業(yè):
What does sb. do?
What is sb.?
Whats sb.s job?
。6)work與job的區(qū)別:
work是未必有報(bào)酬的“工作“,例如homework, housework;而job則一定是有報(bào)酬的“工作“。
。7)on指在物體的表面,不論這個(gè)面是否水平的,例如:
on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground
。8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在醫(yī)院里)
look after(照料/照顧/照看)
help oneself(請(qǐng)自便/隨便吃)
。9)表示“建議“的句型:“做某事如何?“
What about (doing) sth.? (英式英語(yǔ))
How about (doing) sth.? (美式英語(yǔ))
Why dont you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?
(10)“吃“一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper
have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper
take ones order
be kind to sb.
。11)try on這個(gè)詞組可合可分:名詞可以放在這個(gè)詞組的中間或后面,但代詞只能放在詞組的中間。
。12)在口語(yǔ)中往往用take表示“買“。
。13)how many與how much的區(qū)別:
how many +可數(shù)名詞;how much +不可數(shù)名詞
。14)What do you think of...?是詢問對(duì)方對(duì)某事物的看法;
How do you like...?是問對(duì)方對(duì)某事物喜歡的程度。
think about(考慮)
Thank you all the same. (即使對(duì)方?jīng)]能幫上忙,也要禮貌道謝)
Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作為動(dòng)詞,不能單獨(dú)使用。)
。15)one與it的區(qū)別:
當(dāng)上下文說的是同一種類事物時(shí),任意一個(gè)可以用one來代替;如果上下文所說的是同一個(gè)事物時(shí)則用it。例如:
Ann:I have a yellow bag.
Jane:I have a green one.
Tom:Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?
Mike:Look, its over there.
。16)倒裝句
Here you are.
Here it is.
。17)be free (有空/免費(fèi))
forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)
forget doing sth.(忘了做過某事)
Whats up? = Whats wrong with...? = Whats the matter with...?
。18)go + v.-ing結(jié)構(gòu)的含義:為了實(shí)現(xiàn)某目的才去的。例如:
go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等
。19)have to do sth.(非主觀因素,強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀因素,“不得不去做某事“)
must則表示主觀愿望
。20)fly a kite = fly kites
be free = have time
。21)句型“該干某事了!埃篒ts time to do sth. = Its time for sth.
例如:該吃午飯了.
Its time to have lunch. = Its time for lunch.
。22)時(shí)間的表述
當(dāng)分針?biāo)傅臅r(shí)間大于0分、小于等于30分鐘時(shí),用“分鐘“past“小時(shí)“。例如:
8:23--twenty-three past eight
當(dāng)分針?biāo)傅臅r(shí)間大于30分鐘、小于60分鐘時(shí),用“剩余的時(shí)間“to“下一個(gè)整點(diǎn)“。例如:
8:49--eleven to nine
當(dāng)然,還可以直接按照小時(shí)、分鐘去讀出時(shí)間,例如:
8:23--eight twenty-three; 8:49--eight forty-nine
整點(diǎn)則在數(shù)詞后加“-oclock“,例如:8:00--eight oclock
在鐘點(diǎn)前介詞要用at.
初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn) 2
1、動(dòng)詞的種類(四類)
系動(dòng)詞如be(is am are);情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如can 、may、need;助動(dòng)詞( do does);行為動(dòng)詞如take 、bring、eat、have(has)、like、sell、buy、sale、play、see、find、go、watch、thank、think等
2、動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)(與名詞的復(fù)數(shù)一樣)
如eat(eats) take (takes) buy (buys) play (plays) have(has) are (is)
3、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
。 1)含有系動(dòng)詞的
I’m a Chinese boy .
She is twelve .
He is Tim’s brother .
Her mother is an English teacher .
含有系動(dòng)詞的句子在變一般疑問句時(shí)只將“主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞交換位置”,上面句子變成一般疑問句時(shí)分別為
Are you a Chinese boy ?(注意第一人稱通常變?yōu)榈诙朔Q)
Is she twelve ?
Is he Tim’s brother ?
Is her mother an English teacher ?
含有系動(dòng)詞的句子在變否定句時(shí)只須“在系動(dòng)詞的后邊加上not”,前面的幾個(gè)了陳述句變否定句分別為
I’m not a Chinese boy.
She isn’t twelve .
He is not Tim’s btother .
Her mother isn’t an English teacher .
。2)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子( can ),
She can play basketball.
His mother’s cousin can sing many English songs.
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子在變一般疑問句時(shí)只須將“主語(yǔ)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞交換位置”,上面兩句變一般疑問句分別為
Can she play basketball ?
Can his mother’s cousin sing many English songs ?
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子在變否定句時(shí)直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的后邊加上not ,上面兩個(gè)陳述句變否定句分別為
She can not play basketball .
His mother’s cousin can not sing many English songs .
(3)含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子
We have many friends.
They watch TV at 7 in the evening .
The students take their books to school .
I have lunch at school .
You have a sister .
1含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子在變一般疑問句時(shí)要在原句子的前面加do.上面的句子變成一般疑問句分別為
Do you have many friends ?
Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ?
Do the students take their books to school ?
Do you have lunch at school ?
Do you have a sister ?
2含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子在變否定句時(shí)只須在行為動(dòng)詞前加don’t .上述五個(gè)陳述句變否定句分別為
We don’t have many friends.
They don’t watch TV at 7 in the evening .
The students don’t take their books to school .
I don’t have lunch at school .
You don’t have a sister .
3含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),行為動(dòng)詞要加s (或es)如:
She has a red pen .
He has eggs for breakfast .
Her mother buys a skirt for her .
She likes thrillers .
My brother watches TV every evening .
He wants to go to a movie .
含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),變一般疑問句要“在原句子的前面加上does ,同時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞要還原”。上面的句子變成一般疑問句分別為:
Does she have a red pen ?
Does he have eggs for breakfast ?
Does her mother buy a skirt for her ?
Does she like thrillers ?
Does your brother watch TV every evening ?
Does he want to go to a movie ?
含有行為動(dòng)詞的句子,當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),變否定句時(shí)“在行為動(dòng)詞前面加does’nt ,同時(shí)原行為動(dòng)詞要還原”。上面的句子變否定句分別為:
She doesn’t have a red pen .
He doesn’t have eggs for breakfast .
Her mother doesn’t buy a skirt for her .
She doesn’t like thrillers .
My brother doesn’t watch TV every evening .
He doesn’t want to go to a movie .
初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn) 3
1、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)
。1)、一般的直接加s,如desk(desks) 、pen(pens) 、ruler(rulers)
。2)、以x 、s、ch、sh結(jié)尾的加es如box(boxes)、class(classes)、watch(watches)等
(3)、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的要變y為i加es,如family ,comedy,documentary等
(4)、以0結(jié)尾的名詞,有生命的加es如:tomato(tomatoes) 、potato (potatoes );沒有生命的加s,如
photo(photos)、piano(pianos)、zero(zeros)
2、名詞所有格在名詞的后邊加’s ,表示后面的名詞屬于前面的名詞所有,如LiLei’s bag Tom’s desk 、her mother’s brother
3、專用名詞的大寫
如English、Brown 、Rush 、Sunday 、January 、December、 Beijing Opera
初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn) 4
like一詞的用法
like用作及物動(dòng)詞,譯為“喜歡”。
。1)后接名詞或代詞,表示喜歡某人或某物。如:
I like the baby very much. 我非常喜歡這個(gè)小孩。
(2)后接動(dòng)名詞(v. -ing),表示“喜歡做某事”,著重于習(xí)慣、愛好。如:
Tom likes playing football. 湯姆喜歡踢足球。
。3)后接動(dòng)詞不定式(to do ),表示“偶爾地喜歡做某事”,著重于某次具體的行為。如:
I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜歡讀書,但我今晚想看電視。
句子單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),注意以下五要素
(1)主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。
如:She is a girl. →They are girls.
。2)am,is要變?yōu)閍re。如:
I’m a student. →We are students.
(3)不定冠詞a,an要去掉。如:
He is a boy. →They are boys.
。4)普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如:
It is an apple. →They are apples.
(5)指示代詞this,that要變?yōu)閠hese,those。如:
This is a box. →These are boxes.
英語(yǔ)日期的表示法
英語(yǔ)中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞,它們的首字母必須大寫,并且前面無需用冠詞。
用英語(yǔ)表示日期,其順序?yàn)樵?日+年,日和年之間需用逗號(hào)隔開。如:August 2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年來表示。如:10th May,2003(2003年5月10日)英語(yǔ)日期前介詞的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,則用介詞in,若具體到某一天,則需用介詞on。
時(shí)間的表達(dá)法
。1) 直讀式,即直接讀出時(shí)間數(shù)字
7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen
(2) 過、差式,即幾點(diǎn)差幾分,幾點(diǎn)過幾分。(以30分為分界線)
1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two
3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five
。3)12小時(shí)制
6:00 a.m. 上午6點(diǎn) 8:20 p.m. 下午8點(diǎn)20分
(4)24小時(shí)制
13:00 13點(diǎn)鐘 22:15 22點(diǎn)15分
。5)15分可用quarter
4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six
。6)時(shí)間前通常用at.
at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.
want用法
(1)想干什么用want to do sth
They want to join the sports club. 他們想加入運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂部。
(2)第三人稱單數(shù)作主語(yǔ),want要作變化
①He wants to play basketball.
、贚i Xia wants to play the piano.
。3)變疑問句,否定句要借助助動(dòng)詞do或does.
、伲璂o you want to play soccer ball ? -Yes , I do . / No , I don’t.
②-Does he want to go home by bus ? -Yes , he does . / No , he doesn’t.
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