英語定語從句翻譯
近代史開始時，世界擁有的每一項重大成就，已為歷史發(fā)端期的人們所知曉。以下內(nèi)容是小編為您精心整理的英語定語從句翻譯，歡迎參考！
英語定語從句翻譯一
一主二仆式定語從句是指一個先行詞帶有兩個或兩個以上定語從句的情況。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的定語從句比較規(guī)范，均修飾一個先行詞，在翻譯時，雖然也遵循一般定語從句的翻譯技巧和方法，但還有其獨特的地方。歸納起來，有如下幾種情況：
1）譯成定語 可以把兩個定語從句譯成并列的定語，也可譯成分開的定語修飾先地詞，或分別修飾重復的先行詞。
and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power
古老的謀生之道正受到新的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)、新的貿(mào)易、新的行業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn)；這種新貿(mào)易是與世界上一向無人知曉的地區(qū)進行的貿(mào)易，而種種新行業(yè)則是使用一些無需傳統(tǒng)的人力畜力驅(qū)動、可節(jié)省勞動力的奇特機遇。（并列的定語）
Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.
近代史開始時，世界擁有的每一項重大成就，已為歷史發(fā)端期的人們所知曉。（分開的定語）
And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.
英語定語從句翻譯二
定語從句是由一些關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導的從句組成，用來修飾名詞中心詞。
person has pieced together the worked of hundreds of researcher around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest date when we can expect hundreds of key breakthrough and discoveries to take place.
皮而森 匯集了...生產(chǎn)出獨特的千年歷，這種千年歷（它）能夠...
定語的翻譯要特別注意位子上的變化，即：如果是單詞修飾名詞就放在中心詞的前面，這和漢語的詞序是一樣的；如果定語太長，定語就要放在中心詞的后面，這時就要注意斷句，重復先行詞，例如：
1、i have the same problem as you concerning the learning of english
在學英語的問題上，我和你有同樣的問題。
2、she has a perfect figure.
她身材不錯。
3、this is indeed a most pressing problem.
這的確是一個非常棘手的問題。
4、the only other people who knew the secret were his father and mother.
別的知道這個秘密的人就是他的父母。
5、the effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities
有效的維持紀律通常是由一些學生來做的，而這些學生則負責給學校的領導提建議。
6、the nomads who made these markings lived by hunting a d fishing during the last ice age which began about 35,00 b.c. and ended about 10,000 b.c.
作出這些刻記的游牧人，依靠狩獵和捕魚生活在冰河時代的晚期。這段時期大約始于公元前35，000年而結(jié)束于公元前10，000年。
7、 for several hundred years, cases have been reported of children who have been reared in the wild by animals kept isolated from all social contact.
在過去的幾百年中，已經(jīng)有記載說，確實有被動物養(yǎng)大的與世隔絕的狼孩的存在。
另外，翻譯成漢語時還要注意未省略關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的定語從句, 翻譯時所遵守的原則和上述的一樣：
關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句：
8、he is the very person (whom) i’m looking for.
他正是我要找的人。
9、this is the flexible policy that our government has pursued consistently.
這就是我們政府一直追求的靈活政策。
10、those whose families cannot afford board and expenses can be allowed to receive scholarship.
那些家里提供不起食宿的學生可以得到獎學金。
11、there are forms that occasionally occur which should not be taught to students.
有些形式是不能告訴給學生的。
關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句：
12、i took mr. john to the village, where i had spent my carefree childhood.
我把約翰先生帶到我度過無憂無慮童年的鄉(xiāng)村。
13、still remember the time when we studied in the same university.
我還記得我們一起上大學的日子。
定語從句的翻譯可分為限制性和非限制性定語從句兩種，翻譯成漢語時不論是在語序方面還是重復先行詞方面都有一定的講究：
限制性定語從句的翻譯可分為以下幾方面：
1、前置：
這種定語從句一般比較短，翻譯起來比較方便，和漢語的詞序完全一樣，例如：
a、this is the finest weather that i have ever seen this month.
這是這個月我所看到的最好的天氣。
b、our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing.
我們兩國是友誼長存的友好鄰邦。
c、teachers generally like the students who achieve high scores in tests.
老師通常喜歡考試中成績好的'學生。
d、他不是一個輕易服輸?shù)娜?/p>
he is not the one who will give up easily.
以上的這些例子告訴我們，如果定語很短的話，我們可以把他象漢語一樣放在中心詞的前面。但是，有的時候，如果定語太長，讀起來就不符和漢語的習慣，因此，往往要后置，重復先行詞,這就是下面要提到的定語從句的 “后置” 問題，例如：
2、后置：
a、 misers are often lonely and obscure men whose wealth is revealed only after their death.
吝嗇鬼經(jīng)常是看起來年很孤單、不為人所主意，可他們的財富只有等到他們死了以后才 暴露出來。
3、“綜合性”的翻譯法。
綜合性”的翻譯就是，翻譯時不需要關(guān)系詞，其中的關(guān)系完全靠上下文的意思來表現(xiàn)出來，例如：
a、this is the place where the accident occurred.
這就是發(fā)生交通事故的地方。
b、the person who delivered the letter to him is his neighbor.
他的鄰居把信交給了他。
c、 there is a big oak tree that stands just in front of the village.
村子前面有棵大象樹
d、most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble.
大多數(shù)病人想找人坦率、誠實地傾訴他們的苦衷。
非限制性定語從句：
1、前置：
a、 we need a chairman, in whom everyone has confidence
我們需要一個人人都信賴的主席。
b、the worldly well-known actor , who had been ill for two years, meet thunderstorm applause when reappeared on the stage.
那個病了很多年的著名演員，一上臺觀眾就報以雷鳴般的掌聲。
c、 piccaso, whose works inspired many artists, lived until he was a ripe old age.
畢加索的作品曾鼓勵了很多人，后來年紀很大時，作品也日趨成熟。
2、后置:
a、he deposits a little sum of money in the bank, by which means he hopes to deal with any potential emergency easily.
我們每個月都在銀行里存一些錢，這樣，碰到有任何危機時，我們就可以應付了。
b、 a table has four legs, one of which is broken.
桌子有四條腿，其中的一條腿是壞的。
c、 living in the central australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not the least.
生活在澳大利亞中部有很多問題，其中取水還不算最艱苦的。
d、he decided to resign, which is the best thing he could do under the circumstances.
他決定辭職，而這是他目前所能做的最好的事。
e、he is late for class today, as is often the case.
他今天遲到了，而這是經(jīng)常的事。
3、省略先行詞
這種句行就象前面講的“綜和性”翻譯一樣，直接把整個句子的意思講出來，例如：
a、the two universities signed an agreement, under which they would exchange students and scholars.
這兩個大學，簽定了協(xié)議，決定交換學生和學者。
b、he caught a young soldier coming to the farmhouse , whose face turned pale for too much loss of blood.
他看見一個士兵走進農(nóng)舍，臉色因失血過多而蒼白。
c、he passed the exam, which can be read from his the light on his face.
我從他臉上就可以看出他已通過了考試。
d、 he arrived at the railway station in time , which is expected .
他果然準時到了火車站。
4、譯成狀語從句
有些作定語的句子聽起來卻有點象狀語從句，因此翻譯時可以將其譯成狀語似的從句：
a、you should take advantage of the opportunity to learn english well, which is very valuable.(原因)
你應該利用這個機會好好學習英語，這太重要了。
b、we examine the quality of our products, which is why they are so reliable.(原因)
我們檢驗產(chǎn)品很仔細，因此產(chǎn)品都很可靠。
c、i never believe the stories, which is appealing.(讓步)
我從不相信他所說的故事，即使它很動聽。
5、“as”引導的句子：
除了以上這些例子以外，還有一些特殊的由 “as”引導的句子, 翻譯時可參考“as”的比 較結(jié)構(gòu)從句：
a、he is not such as fool as he looks
他并不象看上去的那么傻。
b、they were not such questions as could easily be disposed of.
這些問題可不是那么容易就能處理好的。
c、 it wasn’t such a good dinner as she had promised us.
這頓飯可沒有她向我們說的那么好。
英語定語從句翻譯三
從定語從句的性質(zhì)和功能分析，翻譯方法：
A、表原因
The manager was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from.
經(jīng)理只宴請了幾個人，因為他特別想和這些人談談，聽聽他們的意見。 No one in the company likes their boss, who is stingy and bad-tempered. 公司里沒人喜歡他們的老板，因為他脾氣暴躁、人又小氣。
B、 表結(jié)果
The two countries established formal diplomatic relation, which paved the way for the further communication.
兩國正式建立了外交關(guān)系，從而為雙方進一步的交流鋪平了道路。 They quarreled with each other everyday, which led to their divorce. 他們夫妻二人天天吵架，最終導致離婚。
C、 表讓步
He insisted on buying another car, which he actually didn’t need.. 他堅持要再買一輛車，盡管他并不需要。
My father, who thought it might not work, supported me.
盡管父親認為這個辦法可能不會起作用，但還是支持我。
D、 表目的
This company, which wants to get their new product sold well in the market, is trying hard to perfect its packing and workmanship.
為了使新產(chǎn)品在市場熱銷，這個公司正在全力改進工藝和外包裝。
E、 表轉(zhuǎn)折
She is quite considerate and kind, which her younger sister never is.
她非常善良，體貼，而她妹妹卻從不這樣。
To succeed in this area, one needs profound knowledge and experience, which few has.
要想在這一領域取得成功，需要淵博的知識及豐富的經(jīng)驗，而很少有人能具備這兩點。
F、 表條件或假設
A new product which has beautiful packing, good quality and advertising may very likely be a hit in market
一種新產(chǎn)品，只要包裝精美，質(zhì)量過硬，宣傳得力，就能在市場中熱銷。 Any one who works hard and never gives up will succeed. 任何人，只要努力工作永不放棄，就能夠成功。
英語定語從句翻譯四
1、前置法：把定語從句翻譯到所修飾的先行詞前面，可以用“的”來連接。
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet。
沒有吃過苦的人不知道什么是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore。
太空和海洋是科學家們努力探索的新領域。
His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence。
他那富有感染力的笑聲打破了沉寂。
2、 后置法：把定語從句翻譯在所修飾的先行詞后面，翻譯為并列分句。
(1)重復先行詞。
I told the story to John, who told it to his brother。
他把這件事告訴了約翰，約翰又告訴了他的弟弟。
We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged。
在我們對特別委員會表示滿意，特別委員會的工作應該受到鼓勵。
You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research, have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect。
你們的先輩在天文學研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你們現(xiàn)在則在這一方面獲得了更大的成就。
Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area。
他雖然經(jīng)驗不足，但很有進取心和創(chuàng)造力，而這正是在這一領域獲得成功的關(guān)鍵。
(2)省略先行詞。
ceived the letter that announced the death of your uncle。
是他接到那封信，說你的叔叔去世了。
They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased。
他們制定出一種新方案，采用之后生產(chǎn)已迅速得到提高。
3、 融合法：把定語從句和它所修飾的先行詞結(jié)合在一起翻譯。
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you。
樓下有人要見你。
In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention。
在我們工廠里，許多人對這項新發(fā)明很感興趣。
We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity。
我們駕駛的飛機幾乎每一個部件都有一些國籍標志
She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere。
她在銀行里的存款足以使她到處受到歡迎
4、狀譯法
(1)譯成表示“時間”的分句
A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded。
司機在開車時，不許和人談話，也不能走神。
(2)譯成表示“原因”的分句
He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable。
他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太講話，因為她現(xiàn)在異常無禮，令人厭煩。
(3)譯成表示“條件”的分句
Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families。
人們極其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。
(4)譯成表示“讓步”的分句
He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for
盡管他并沒有這樣的需要，他堅持要再買一幢房子，。
(5)譯成表示“目的”的分句
He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to the matter。
為了引起公眾對這一事件的注意，他想寫一篇文章。
He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument。
為了證明他的論點，他正在收集確鑿的材料以。
(6)譯成表示“結(jié)果”的分句
They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country。
他們企圖鎮(zhèn)壓反抗，結(jié)果反抗愈來愈烈，遍及全國。
(7)譯成表示“轉(zhuǎn)折”的分句
She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was。
她對孩子們很有耐心，而她丈夫卻很少這樣。
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