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使用定語從句翻譯句子
無論是身處學(xué)校還是步入社會(huì)，大家一定沒少看到經(jīng)典的句子吧，句子是語言運(yùn)用的基本單位，它由詞、詞組(短語)構(gòu)成。還苦于找不到好的句子？下面是小編精心整理的使用定語從句翻譯句子，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
定語從句是修飾限定名詞或代詞的從句。掌握定語從句的關(guān)鍵在于把握引導(dǎo)詞，即用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞。英語中的定語從句主要分兩大類：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。
定語從句主要采用以下幾種類型及其翻譯：
1.一般型
這種結(jié)構(gòu)是最普遍的，即使用定語從句來修飾要修飾的先行詞。
在中文中，一般地說，要使用定語修飾一個(gè)對(duì)象，無論是單獨(dú)使用幾個(gè)修飾詞，還是連續(xù)使用幾個(gè)是修飾詞，通常都放在所修飾詞的前面。在英語中，單詞作定語時(shí)，一般放在所修飾的先行詞之前，而詞組，短語和從句作定語時(shí)，則放在所修飾的先行詞之后。如果漢語的兩個(gè)句子具有相同的關(guān)鍵詞，這是我們可以使用定語從句來翻譯其中的一個(gè)句子。
例如：Yesterday he bought an English dictionary which is help to improve his English.
譯文: 昨天他買了一本英語字典，這本英語字典對(duì)于提高他的英語水平很有幫助。
全句的賓語是"英語字典"，英語里修飾 an English dictionary的成分在其后面，這是英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣所規(guī)定的。但是轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語時(shí)，就必須把定語修飾成分提前到中心詞"英語字典"之前。
2.there be結(jié)構(gòu)/it be +主語+定語從句
有些漢語句子可以使用there be/it be +主語+定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯，漢語中的謂語部分在英語中要變成從句的形式。定語從句的謂語在形式上其實(shí)也是整個(gè)主句的謂語，因此在英譯漢時(shí)可將其譯為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)單句。
例如：There are many college students who dropped out of school because of poverty.
譯文：現(xiàn)在很多大學(xué)生因?yàn)樨毨Фz學(xué)。
全句的謂語是"輟學(xué)"，如果沒有要求，要表達(dá)譯文的意思，完全可以使用Many students dropped out of school because of poverty.當(dāng)然也可以使用現(xiàn)代分詞dropping out of school because of poverty修飾students。再者就考慮使用定語從句來修飾students。
3.帶介詞的定語從句
當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+介詞”的短語結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在定語從句中，介詞常和從句的引導(dǎo)詞一起引導(dǎo)定語從句，此時(shí)的引導(dǎo)詞只能使用which和whom。根據(jù)邏輯的需要，在翻譯前，我們首先應(yīng)該弄清關(guān)系詞所指代的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)而按照先行詞的詞義來進(jìn)行翻譯。
The boy to whom I just spoke is my brother.
譯文：我剛才和他談話的那個(gè)男孩是我弟弟。
正常語序?yàn)镮 spoke to a boy，the boy is my brother。先行詞為the boy，spoke to 為謂語，因此采用spoke to whom 進(jìn)行翻譯。
1.翻譯定語從句句子
1). Everything that is around us is matter. 我們周圍的一切都是物質(zhì)
2). He is the only one among us that knows French. 他是我們中唯一懂法語的人。
3). I know the reason why he came late. 我知道他來遲的原因。
4). Certain ideas, principles, and laws often form the foundation on which other ideas, principles and laws of a science are constructed. 一些思想、原則和法律往往會(huì)成為其他思想、原則和法律賴以形成的基礎(chǔ)。
5). Stainless steels must contain a minimum of 10% chromium. This is the reason why they are stainless. 不銹鋼至少要含有10%的鉻，這就是不銹鋼不生銹的原因。
6). Electrical energy that is supplied to a lamp can be turned into light energy. 供照明的電能可以轉(zhuǎn)化為光能。
7). An electric field is a space where an electric force exists. 電場(chǎng)就是電力存在的空間。
8). The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired. 屋頂壞了的房子現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)修好。
9). Shanghai is the place where he was born. 上海是他出生的地方。
10). The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下工作的人對(duì)他怕的要死。
11). The force that causes everything to fall toward the ground is called gravity. 使所有物體落向地面的力稱為重力。
12). Substances which allow electricity to flow through freely are called conductors. 電流能順利通過的物體稱為導(dǎo)體。
13). The car whose engine broke down was bought last month. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)壞掉的那輛車是上個(gè)月買的。
14). A rocket engine can work in space where there is no air. 火箭發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)能在沒有空氣的太空中工作。
15). We could not really feel satisfied, calm or in agreement with the situation with which we are faced at the beginning of this session of the General Assembly. 我們對(duì)本界聯(lián)大開始時(shí)所面臨的局勢(shì)難以感到滿意，也難以感到心安理得。
16). They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努力，這個(gè)理想是每個(gè)中國(guó)人所珍愛的，在過去，許多中國(guó)人曾為這個(gè)理想而犧牲了自己的生命。
17). He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talents and indefatigable spirit to the struggle which today brings those aims within the reach of a majority of the human race. 他把自己非凡的才智和不倦的精力無私地獻(xiàn)給了這種斗爭(zhēng)，這種斗爭(zhēng)今天以使人類中大多數(shù)人可以達(dá)到這些目標(biāo)。
18). He said there was never anything happening in his family he was ashamed of. 他說他們家可從來沒有出現(xiàn)過見不得人的事兒。
19). There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 樓下有人要見你。
20). There are some countries in the world where there is little rain at any time.世界上有些國(guó)家終年少雨。
2.翻譯定語從句句子
1). Silver is a conductor, which allows electric current to flow easily. 銀是一種導(dǎo)體，它可以讓電流很容易地通過。
2). Days and nights are very long on the moon, where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth. 月球上的白天和黑夜都相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)，那里的一天等于地球上的兩周。
3). Metals are very strong and can be made into any required shapes, which makes it possible to be widely used in industry. 金屬堅(jiān)硬，又可加工成任何所需的形狀，這使它能在工業(yè)上得以廣泛應(yīng)用。
4). Transistors, which are small in size, can make previously large and bulky radios light and small. 體積小的晶體管使先前那種大而苯的收音機(jī)變得既輕又小。（前置）
5). He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant. 他喜歡熱情愉快的妹妹，而不喜歡冷漠高傲的哥哥。（前置）
6). You can break up a beam of incoherent light with a prism, which is made of glass. 你能用玻璃制的棱鏡分解一束非相干光。（前置）
7). Mr Smith, who came to see me yesterday, is a relative of my wife’s. 史密斯先生昨天來看過我，他是我妻子的親戚。（獨(dú)立句）
8). Machine tools have various uses, one of which is to make holes in metal. 機(jī)床有多種用途，其中之一是在金屬上鉆孔。（后置）
9). After dinner, four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night. 飯后，四個(gè)主要談判人物再繼續(xù)進(jìn)行會(huì)談，一直談到深夜。
10). Like charges repel, but opposite ones attract, which is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 同性電荷相斥，異性電荷相吸，這是電的基本法則之一
11). She has two brothers, who are both doctors. 她有兩個(gè)兄弟。他們都是醫(yī)生。（獨(dú)立句）
12). We will put off the party until next week, when we won’t be so busy. 我們把聚會(huì)推遲到下星期。那時(shí)我們不會(huì)這樣忙。（獨(dú)立句）
13). Semi–conductor is a new kind of material, which has found a wide use in electronic industry. 半導(dǎo)體是一種新型材料，已廣泛應(yīng)用于電子工業(yè)。
14). There are some new terms in the article, the meanings of which may be difficult to the students. 這篇文章中有些新的術(shù)語，它們的意思可能使學(xué)生感到困難。
15). Galileo, who made the first telescope, died in 1624. 伽利略死于1642年，他制造了第一架望遠(yuǎn)鏡。
16). The most important form of energy is electric energy, which is widely used in our daily life. 電能是最重要的能量形式，它廣泛用于我們的日常生活中。
17). Burgess and Richard Hoagland contacted Carl Sagan, who greeted the idea enthusiastically. 伯吉斯和理查德.霍格蘭同卡爾.薩根取得了聯(lián)系，卡爾滿腔熱情地接受了這個(gè)想法。
18). He had talked to Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 他和尼克松談過話。尼克松向他保證，凡是能夠做到的都會(huì)竭盡全力去做。
19). Once was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective. 有一次是暴風(fēng)驟雨，是我平生見到最猛烈的。這陣暴風(fēng)雨遮住了我的目標(biāo)。
20). Electronic computers, which make it possible to free man from the labour of complex measurements and computations, have found wide application in engineering. 電子計(jì)算機(jī)在工程技術(shù)上已獲得廣泛應(yīng)用，它使人可能擺脫復(fù)雜的測(cè)量和計(jì)算工作。
3.翻譯定語從句句子
1). Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the Crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its commander in chief. 代表大會(huì)先前已集會(huì)決定繼續(xù)向英皇提抗議，而現(xiàn)在則發(fā)展到募集軍隊(duì)并推選喬治.華盛頓為總司令了。
2). Atoms, which are very, very small, can be broken down into still smaller particles. 原子雖然很小很小，但仍能分解成更小的粒子。
3). We have to oil the moving parts of the machine, the friction of which may be greatly reduced. 我們必須給機(jī)器的傳動(dòng)部分加油，以便使摩擦大大減少。
4). Men became desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families. 人們極其迫切地要求工作，只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。
5). However, iceberg water could be extremely cheap for some countries when compared with desalination, a process which requires much more fuel and much more money. 不過，對(duì)某些國(guó)家來講，用冰山化水與海水脫鹽相比，冰山化水的費(fèi)用可能極為便宜，因?yàn)槊擕}過程需要更多燃料和更多的資金。
6). An automatic production line is excellent for the automotive industry where thousands of identical parts are produced. 自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線最適用于汽車工業(yè)，因?yàn)槟抢镆a(chǎn)成千上萬個(gè)同樣的零件。
7). Rubber is a light, elastic, durable and water-resistant material, which makes rubber industry very important. 橡膠是一種質(zhì)輕、富有彈性、經(jīng)久耐用和防水的材料，因此橡膠工業(yè)十分重要。
8). John, whose wife is ill, cannot come to the party. 約翰不能來參加聚會(huì)，他妻子病了。
9). The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain. 由于電子計(jì)算機(jī)似乎起著類似人腦的作用，所以常被稱作電腦。
10). Behaviourists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行為主義者認(rèn)為，如果一個(gè)兒童在有許多刺激物的環(huán)境中成長(zhǎng)，而這些刺激物能夠發(fā)展其作出適當(dāng)反應(yīng)的能力，那么這個(gè)兒童將會(huì)有更高的智力發(fā)展。
11). Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily. 物質(zhì)具有一定的特征或特性，因此能使我們很容易地識(shí)別出來。
12). Potential energy that is not so obvious as kinetic energy exists in many things. 雖然勢(shì)能不象動(dòng)能那樣明顯，但它存在于許多動(dòng)物之中。
13). There is a minimum size for the reactor at which the chain reaction will just work . 反應(yīng)堆有一個(gè)最起碼的尺寸，以使鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)正好維持下去。
14). The remainder of the atom from which one or more electrons are removed must be positively charged. 如果從原子中移走一個(gè)或多個(gè)電子，則該原子的其余部分必定帶正電。
15). A gas occupies all of any container in which it is placed. 無論將氣體裝在什么容器里，它都會(huì)把容器充滿。
16). Mechanical energy is changed into electric energy, which in turn is changed into mechanical energy. 機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娔埽娔苡洲D(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C(jī)械能。
17). Man can not live on the moon, where there is no air and water. 人不能在月球上住，那里沒有空氣和水。
18). World war II was, however, more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories. 第一次世界大戰(zhàn)是帝國(guó)主義列強(qiáng)之間爭(zhēng)奪市場(chǎng)、資源和領(lǐng)土的沖突，而第二次世界大戰(zhàn)卻比第一次復(fù)雜。(表原因)
19). They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country. 他們企圖撲滅反抗，結(jié)果反抗愈加猛烈，遍及全國(guó)。（譯成結(jié)果狀語從句）
20). My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically. 雖然我的助手在實(shí)驗(yàn)以前從頭到尾地閱讀過說明書，但由于他死搬硬套還是未能得到滿意的結(jié)果。（譯成讓步狀語從句）
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