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2016年大學英語六級必考語法點講解匯總
語法是大學英語四六級考試的必考點,同學們在備考的時候,要多花一些功夫放在語法方面,這樣對后面的考試復習或是英語學習都是有幫助的。下面是小編整理的2016年大學英語六級必考語法點講解,希望可以幫助到大家。
2016年大學英語六級必考語法點講解(一)
1) 有些動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時:
hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember.
I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.
I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.
2) 句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"
3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met.
主語和謂語是句子的核心,它們之間有兩種語序:一是主語在謂語之前稱為自然語序(Natural Order);二是主語在謂語之后則稱為倒裝語序(Inverted Order)。而倒裝語序中又有全部倒裝(Full Inversion)和部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)兩種情況。
首先,在全部倒裝的句子中,要把整個謂語放在主語的前面去而構(gòu)成倒裝語序。
例如:
There are large numbers of students in the lecture hall.
(在There be…的句式中,There只是個引導詞而不是主語,真正的主語是后面作表語的名詞或者名詞短語。因此,There be…的句式都是全部倒裝的句子。)演講廳里有大量的學生。
When he ran to the door, there stood a mid-aged man with a lantern in his hand .
(此句是為了"描述情節(jié)的需要",把倒裝當著修辭的手段而寫成了全部倒裝句。句子的主語是a mid-aged man,謂語是stood 。)當他向房門跑去時,那兒正立著一位手里拿著一盞燈籠的中年男人。
另外,在部分倒裝的句子中,只把謂語的一部分(如情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、或是系動詞be)放到主語的前面去,構(gòu)成倒裝語序。例如:
Are you going to take part in the football match against Accounting Department on Friday afternoon? (句子的謂語是are going to take part,are是句子的謂語的一部分;句子的主語是you 。所以,此句是部分倒裝的句子。疑問句都是部分倒裝句。)你打算去參加星期五與會計系進行的足球賽嗎?
Hardly could he finish his test paper when the school bell rang .(由于語法要求的原因,本句寫成了部分倒裝的句子。它的自然語序應該是:When the bell rang, he could hardly finish his test paper.)他還未做完試卷,下課鈴就響了。
了解了倒裝語序的構(gòu)成情況后,我們再來看看倒裝語序在各種不同類句子中的使用情況:
A. 在疑問句中
各種疑問句一般地說都是倒裝語序。例如:
Will they come to see us this weekend ? 這個周末他們將來看我們嗎?
Are you talking about the film you saw last Monday ?
你們是在談論你們上周一看的那部電影嗎?
Can you speak another foreign language except English?
除開英語,你還能說另一種外語嗎?
Where did you buy the dictionary, in the book store nearby or in Xinhua bookstore?
你在哪兒買的這本詞典,是在附近的書店還是在新華書店?
She is not a student, isn‘t she ? 她不是個學生,對嗎?
B. 在感嘆句中
某些感嘆句也用倒裝語序。例如:
Isn‘t it a beautiful garden ! 多么美麗的花園啊!
What a beautiful garden it is ! 多么美麗的花園啊!(在這種句式中,主語在謂語之前,屬于自然語序。對于主語和謂語而言,語序沒有倒裝。)
Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him !
你見過那個孩子像他這么調(diào)皮!
2016年大學英語六級必考語法點講解(二)
語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,它用來表示句中主語同謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。
英語有兩種語態(tài), 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài), 主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞動作的承受者。例如:
I have repaired the radio.
我修好了收音機。
The radio has been repaired.
收音機被修好了。
The students cleaned the classroom.
學生們打掃了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by the students.
教室被學生們打掃了。
被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:
be + 過去分詞
A building was damaged by the storm.
暴風雨毀壞了一座建筑物。
Our plate was made in China.
我們的盤子是中國生產(chǎn)的。
My bike was stolen.
我的自行車被盜了。
常用的被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化如下,以 ask 為例:
一般 進行 完成
現(xiàn)在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked
過去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked
將來I shall be asked, I shall have been asked
過去將來I shall be asked
被動語態(tài)的疑問句是把助動詞提前到句首。
Has your TV set been repaired?
你的電視機修了嗎?
Was the kite broken?
風箏破了嗎?
Has the work been done?
工作結(jié)束了嗎?
被動語態(tài)的否定式是在助動詞后面加 not.
The letter has not been sent out.
信還沒有發(fā)出去。
The little boy has not been found out.
小孩還沒有找到。
The cap has not been mended yet.
帽子還沒有補好。
Their money has not been sent to them.
他們的錢還沒有送到他們手中。
2016年大學英語六級必考語法點講解(三)
1) It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句的謂語動詞要用should 加動詞原形, should 可省略。
句型:
(1)suggested It is
(2)important that…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted; + (should) do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
a pity, a shame, no wonder
(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2)在賓語從句中的應用
在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞后面的從句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
注意: 如suggest, insist不表示"建議" 或"堅持要某人做某事時",即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅持認為"時,賓語從句用陳述語氣。
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
判斷改錯:
(錯) You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
(對) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(錯) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
(對) I insisted that you were wrong.
3)在表語從句,同位語從句中的應用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣,即(should)+動詞原形。
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
2016年大學英語六級必考語法點講解(四)
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子為主從復合句,則主句倒裝,從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
1) 表示允許或請求;表示沒有把握的推測;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。
May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注意: might 表示推測時,不表示時態(tài)。只是可能性比may 小。
2) 成語: may/might as well,后面接不帶to 的不定式,意為"不妨"。
If that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例題
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn‘t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may. 此句意可從后半句推出。
一、 none 無
1) none作主語,多與of 構(gòu)成短語 none of。 在答語中,none可單獨使用。
Are there any pictures on the wall? None.
2) none作主語,謂語動詞單復數(shù)均可。但如做表語,則其單復數(shù)與表語一致。
It is none of your business.
二、few 一些,少數(shù)
few 作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù),多用于肯定句。
三、some 一些
1) 可與復數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連用。
2) 當做"某一"解時,也可與單數(shù)名詞連用。(= a certain)
You will be sorry for this some day.
總有一天,你會后悔這件事的。
A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.
某些人不同意你的看法。
注意:
(1)在肯定疑問句中用some代替any。
(2)some用于其他句式中:
a. 肯定疑問句中:說話人認為對方的答案會是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答時。
Would you like句式中,表委婉請求或建議,如:
Would you like some coffee?
b. 在條件狀語從句中表示確定的意義時,如:
If you need some help,let me know.
c. some位于主語部分,
Some students haven‘t been there before.
d. 當否定的是整體中的部分時,some可用于否定句。如:
I haven‘t heard from some of my old friends these years.
這些年我沒有收到一些老朋友的信。
四、any 一些
1) any 多用于否定句和疑問句和條件狀語從句中。
當句中含有任何的意思時,any可用于肯定句。
Here are three novels. You may read any. 這有三本小說,你可任讀一本。
五、one, ones 為復數(shù)形式
ones必須和形容詞連用。如果替代的名詞時無形容詞在前,則用some, any,而不用ones。
Have you bought any rulers? Yes,I ‘ve bought some.
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