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英語四級分詞語法
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英語四級分詞語法 篇1
1) After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well boys____ to go to school. (CET-4 1997,1)
A) to be encouraged B) been encouraged C) being encouraged D) be encouraged
2) ____,a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. (CET-4 1997,6)
A) Other things being equal B) Were other things equalC) To be equal to other things D) Other things to be equal
3)All things ____, the planned trip will have to be called off. (CET-4 1998,6)
A) considered B) be considered C) considering D)shavingsconsidered
4) The house was very quiet, ____as it was on the side of a mountain. (CET-4 1999,6)
A) isolated B) isolating C) being isolated D)shavingsbeen isolated
5) This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, ____both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. (CET-4 1999,6)
A) being B) been C) to be D)shavingsbeen
6) Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it ____ in Cuba. (CET-4 2000,1)
A) being cultivated B) been cultivated C)shavingscultivated D) cultivating
7) ____in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing. (CET-4 2000,1)
A) To look B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at
8) You will see this product ____ wherever you go. (CET-4 2000,6)
A) to be advertised B) advertised C) advertise D) advertising
9) ____in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars. (CET-4 2000,12)
A) To be judged the best B)shavingsjudged the best
C) Judged the best D) Judging the best
10) From the dates ____ on the plates, we decided that they were made in Song Dynasty.
A) marking B)shavingsbeen marked C) marked D) to be marked
11) She stood by the window, ____.
A) thinking B) think C) thought D) thinks
12) ____ to meet anybody, he went in from the back door.
A) Not wishing B) Wishing C) Not wished D) No wishing
13) The editorial ____ now will appear in tomorrow's newspaper.
A) writing B) to write C) being written D) write
14) It ____ now pretty late, we took our things and retired to our room.
A) is B) being C) turned D) got
15) ____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A) When compared B) While comparing C) Compare D) Comparing
16) The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand ____ a stick for support.
A) held B) holding C) being holding D) was holding
17) ____ three times in a row, the boxer decide to give up fighting.
A)shavingsdefeated B) To have defeate
C)shavingsbeen defeated D) To have been defeated
英語四級分詞語法 篇2
分詞，是動詞的一種變化形式，只是這樣變化完成之后，原先動詞所具有的動作意義明顯減弱了，更偏向于英語中形容詞和副詞的語法作用，因此在句中主要充當(dāng)定語、狀語和補(bǔ)足語。并且，使用分詞可以起到簡化定語從句和狀語從句的作用，也就是分詞可以起到定語和狀語從句的語法作用，這一點我們會在下面的講解中慢慢體會。
一、分詞做定語
1、現(xiàn)在分詞做定語
現(xiàn)在分詞做定語主要有兩種意義
�。�1）、表示主動、一般的動作
我們說過，分詞是定語從句的簡化，在分詞表示這種意義時，若將分詞改成定語從句，定語從句謂語動詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時。此時，現(xiàn)在分詞多數(shù)表示的是所修飾名詞的一種持久性特點。
e.g a puzzling problem=a problem that puzzles everyone
The exploring class=the class that exploits others(剝削階級)
�。�2）、表示主動地、正在進(jìn)行的動作
此時現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的是所修飾名詞的一種短暫性特點，強(qiáng)調(diào)正在發(fā)生的動作
e.g falling leaves=leaves that are falling
2、過去分詞作定語
過去分詞作定語，也有兩種意義
（1）、表示被動的、一般的或完成的動作
此時動詞一般為及物動詞，此時若將分詞改成定語從句，定語從句謂語動詞要用被動語態(tài)
e.g the exploited class=the class that is exploited(被剝削階級，表示被動)
The boiled water=the water that has been boiled(表示完成)
�。�2）、主動地、完成的動作
由及物動詞變來的過去分詞才有被動意義，而由不及物動詞變來的過去分詞則不表示被動，只表示主動完成的語態(tài)。
e.g a retired general=a general that has retired.
總結(jié)：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語時的區(qū)別是：
A.從語態(tài)角度來講，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義。而過去分詞通常表示被動意義（不及物動詞的過去分詞除外）。
B.從時態(tài)角度來講，現(xiàn)在分詞一般表示進(jìn)行的動作，過去分詞表示完成的.動作。
二、分詞做狀語
分詞做狀語，其實就是相應(yīng)的狀語從句簡化的結(jié)果，可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、伴隨
1、表示時間，分詞短語一般至于句首。
多數(shù)情形下，分詞動作發(fā)生于謂語動作之前，有時候分詞動作和謂語動作同時發(fā)生。
e.g Having watered the garden,he began tomorrow the lawn（分詞動作發(fā)生于謂語動作之前）
Riding in the street,during the rush hours,you must be careful.(分詞動作和謂語動作同時發(fā)生)
2、表示原因，分詞短語可置于句首或句末，有時還可以置于主謂之間。
e.g Not knowing what to do next,I want to ask for your advice.
3、表示條件，通常放在句首
e.g Given more time,I would be able to complete it.
4、表示讓步，通常放在句首
e.g Having lived in Canada for three years,he still can`t speak English well.
5、表結(jié)果，一般只放在句末。
e.g I went home,finding the door locked
6、表伴隨狀況，補(bǔ)充說明或方式，分詞短語置于句首或句末均可
e.g He came running breathless and told me the results.
三、分詞做補(bǔ)足語
1、在感官動詞（如：hear/find/hear/smell/observe/watch/notice）之后，我們可以用兩類分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語。簡單來說，賓語補(bǔ)足語就是對賓語的補(bǔ)充說明，使句子的表意更加完整。
�。�1）、I heard him criticized many times.（過去分詞做賓補(bǔ)）
（2）、We saw the sun rising from behind the trees.（現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)）
2、在這些動詞之后，我們也可以用不帶to的動詞不定式做補(bǔ)語，二者的區(qū)別是：用現(xiàn)在分詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行；用不定式則表示一般的動作或一個動作至始至終的全過程。
In the park you often see people do shadow boxing(太極拳，表示一個動作的全過程)
總之，分詞在英語中是一個非常重要但是也比較難以掌握的語法項目，說其重要，是因為只有理解了分詞的邏輯，才能對英語有一個更深入的理解，同時掌握好分詞的用法，對提高自己的英文寫作能力也非常有幫助。相信大家能結(jié)合給出的例句，對這一語法有更好的理解。
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