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2016下半年英語四級(jí)考試閱讀理解沖刺練習(xí)
2016年12月英語四級(jí)考試將在12月17日舉行，對(duì)于英語四級(jí)考試閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)占比還是不小的，以下是yjbys網(wǎng)小編整理的關(guān)于英語四級(jí)考試閱讀理解沖刺練習(xí)，供大家備考。
No one knows when the first calendar was developed. But it seems possible that it was based on lunar months. When people started farming, the sages of the tribes became very important, they studied the sky and gathered enough information to be able to predict when the seasons would change, and were able to announce when it was time to plant crops.
The divisions of time we use today were developed in ancient Babylonia 4,000 years ago.Babylonian astronomers believed the sun moved around the Earth every 365 days.They divided the trip into 12 equal parts, each with 30 days. Then they divided each day into 24 equal parts, or hours, and divided each hour into 60 minutes, each minute into 60 seconds.
Humans have used many devices to measure time; the sundial (日晷) was one of the earliest and simplest. However, the sundial worked well only when the weather was fine, so other ways of measuring the passing of time were invented. One device was the hourglass(沙漏). By the eighteenth century, people had developed mechanical clocks and watches. So we have devices to mark the passing of time, but what time is it now? Clocks in different parts of the world do not show the same time at the same time, because time on Earth is set by the sun’s positions in the sky above us. As international communications and travel grew, it became clear that a way to establish a common time for all parts of the world was needed. In 1884, an international conference divided the world into 24 time zones, each zone represents one hour. The astronomical observatory in Greenwich, England, was chosen as the starting point for the time zones. Twelve zones are west of Greenwich. Twelve are east. The time at Greenwich measured by the sun is considered by astronomers to be Universal Time, also known as Greenwich Mean Time.
57. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A) The Development of Universal Time.
B) Different Ways to Measure Time.
C) Why We Measure Time the Way We do.
D) How the Calendar Came into being.
58. What does the example of Babylonia astronomers reveal?
A) It reveals Babylonians’wisdom that was absent elsewhere.
B) It reveals the origin of our time measurements.
C) It reveals the limits of sometime measurements.
D) It reveals the stability of time measurements.
59. The author mentions all of the following ways to measure time EXCEPT .
A) sundial B) hourglass C) electric clock D) mechanical clock
60. According to the passage, Greenwich Mean Time .
A) provides a common time for all parts of the world
B) is calculated from the sun
C) is the 12th of the 24 time zones
D) was named after an international conference
61. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?
A) Time measurements have changed in response to need and technological development.
B) In ancient Babylonia, 12 was the basic division of time.
C) The first calendar was developed because the sages of tribes were intelligent.
D) Universal Time is so named because it is applicable throughout the universe.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
For many years, scientists couldn’t figure out how atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living things. Plants, fish, dinosaurs, and people are made of atoms and molecules, but they are put together in a more complicated way than the molecules in the primitive ocean. What’s more, living things have energy and can reproduce, while the chemicals on the Earth 4 billion years ago were lifeless.
After years of study, scientists figured out that living things, including human bodies, are basically made of amino acids and nucleotide bases. These are molecules with millions of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. How could such complicated molecules have been formed in the primitive soup? Scientists were stumped.
Then, in 1953, two scientists named Harold Urey and Stanley L. Miller did a very simple experiment to find out what had happened on the Primitive Earth. They set up some tubes and bottles in a closed loop, and put in some of the same gases that were present in the atmosphere 4 billion years ago: water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen.
Then they shot an electric spark through the gases to simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth, circulated the gases through some water, sent them back for more sparks, and so on. After seven days, the water that the gases had been bubbling through had turned brown. Some new chemicals were dissolved in it. When Miller and Urey analyzed the liquid, they found that it contained amino acids—the very kind of molecules found in all living things.
62. When did scientists come to realize how the atoms and molecules on the Earth combined to make living thing?
A) 4 billion years ago. B) In 1953.
C) After seven days. D) Many years later.
63. Scientists figured out that human bodies are basically made of .
A) amino acids
B) molecules
C) hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms
D) water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen
64. Harold Urey and Stanley L.Miller did their experiment in order to .
A) find out what had happened on the Earth 4 billion years ago
B) simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth
C) dissolve some new chemicals
D) analyze a liquid
65. At the end of the last paragraph, the word “it” refers to .
A) a closed loop B) an electric spark C) water D) the liquid
答案與解析：
Passage One
57. C 主旨題本文共三段。第一段講日歷起源之因;第二段講作為現(xiàn)代時(shí)間概念的基礎(chǔ)，古巴比倫如何劃分年月日時(shí)分秒;第三段提及先后出現(xiàn)的測(cè)量時(shí)間的各種工具，并講述“世界時(shí)”如何順應(yīng)時(shí)代發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生。A)，B)和D)項(xiàng)都只概括了本文的部分內(nèi)容，只有C)項(xiàng)是對(duì)全文的總結(jié)。
58. B 綜合判斷題C)項(xiàng)在文章中沒有提及,D)項(xiàng)不正確。本文的主題是計(jì)時(shí)方式的發(fā)展，并未強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)民族智慧過人，A)項(xiàng)也不正確。
59. C 細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)題干可定位于第三段前半部分，答案是C。
60. B 細(xì)節(jié)題解題依據(jù)是“The time at Greenwich measured by the sun is…”。不過考生不一定留意了這個(gè)后置定語。相反，受“Twelve zones are west of Greenwich. Twelve are east.”的影響，可能會(huì)誤選C)項(xiàng)。其實(shí)，這里是24個(gè)時(shí)區(qū)的“the starting point”,也就是第一個(gè)時(shí)區(qū)。
61. A 綜合判斷題C)項(xiàng)提到的日歷出現(xiàn)就是其中一個(gè)例證，第三段還提到sundial, hourglass, mechanical clocks and watches和Greenwich Mean Time的出現(xiàn)，這都是隨著人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的需要出現(xiàn)的。C)項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在將日歷出現(xiàn)歸因于一小部分人的高智商，真正的原因其實(shí)是“When people started farming…”。此外，Universal Time并非全宇宙通用，它只適用于全球24個(gè)時(shí)區(qū)，故D)項(xiàng)也不正確。
Passage Two
62. B 細(xì)節(jié)題從文中第三段可知：“Then, in 1953, two scientists…did a very simple experiment to find out what had happened on the Primitive Earth.”這說明從1953年起，人類才開始弄明白地球上的生物是怎樣由原子和分子結(jié)合而產(chǎn)生的。因此B)是正確選項(xiàng)。
63. A 細(xì)節(jié)題答案從第二段開頭可直接找到：“…， scientists figured out that living things, including human bodies, are basically made of amino acids and nucleotide bases.”
64. A 細(xì)節(jié)題答案第三段中直接給出：“…， Harold. Urey and Stanley L. Miller did a very simple experiment to find out what had happened on the Primitive Earth.” 緊接著作者又指出是在“…4 billion years ago…”。
65. D 語義辨析題見原文最后一句話：“When Miller and Urey analyzed the liquid, they found that it contained…”。“當(dāng)米勒和尤里對(duì)液體進(jìn)行分析時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)它包含有……”。很明顯it指的就是從句里的liquid。
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