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英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀真題資源
現(xiàn)如今，我們需要用到考試真題的情況非常的多，借助考試真題可以檢測(cè)考試者對(duì)某方面知識(shí)或技能的掌握程度。你知道什么樣的考試真題才是好考試真題嗎？下面是小編整理的英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀真題資源，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀真題資源 1
Forecasting of Statistics
Nearly two thousand years have passed since a census decreed by Caesar Augustus become part of the greatest story ever told. Many things have changed in the intervening years. The hotel industry worries more about overbuilding than overcrowding, and if they had to meet an unexpected influx, few inns would have a manager to accommodate the weary guests. Now it is the census taker that does the traveling in the fond hope that a highly mobile population will stay long enough to get a good sampling. Methods of gathering, recording, and evaluating information have presumably been improved a great deal. And where then it was the modest purpose of Rome to obtain a simple head count as an adequate basis for levying taxes, now batteries of complicated statistical series furnished by governmental agencies and private organizations are eagerly scanned and interpreted by sages and seers to get a clue to future events. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable differences of opinion. They were aired at the celebration of the 125th anniversary of the American Statistical Association. There was the thought that business forecasting might well be on its way from an art to a science, and some speakers talked about newfangled computers and high-falutin mathematical system in terms of excitement and endearment which we, at least in our younger years when these things mattered, would have associated more readily with the description of a fair maiden. But others pointed to the deplorable record of highly esteemed forecasts and forecasters with a batting average below that of the Mets, and the President-elect of the Association cautioned that “high powered statistical methods are usually in order where the facts are crude and inadequate, the exact contrary of what crude and inadequate statisticians assume.” We left his birthday party somewhere between hope and despair and with the conviction, not really newly acquired, that proper statistical methods applied to ascertainable facts have their merits in economic forecasting as long as neither forecaster nor public is deluded into mistaking the delineation of probabilities and trends for a prediction of certainties of mathematical exactitude.
1. Taxation in Roman days apparently was based on
[A]. wealth. [B]. mobility. [C]. population. [D]. census takers.
2. The American Statistical Association
[A]. is converting statistical study from an art to a science.
[B]. has an excellent record in business forecasting.
[C]. is neither hopeful nor pessimistic.
[D]. speaks with mathematical exactitude.
3. The message the author wishes the reader to get is
[A]. statisticians have not advanced since the days of the Roman.
[B]. statistics is not as yet a science.
[C]. statisticians love their machine.
[D].computer is hopeful.
4. The “greatest story ever told” referred to in the passage is the story of
[A]. Christmas. [B]. The Mets.
[C]. Moses. [D]. Roman Census Takers.
詞匯解析
1. census 人口調(diào)查
2. decreed 分布法令
3. influx 匯集，流入(人口或物)
4. census taker 人口調(diào)查員
5. in the intervening years 在這期間
6. sampling 取樣(調(diào)查)
7. presumable 可能的，可推測(cè)的
8. batteries 一連串，一系列
9. sage 圣人;聰明的(人—)
10. seer 先知
11. newfangled 新型的(貶義)
12. high-falutin 夸大的，夸張的
13. deplorable 悲慘的，雜亂的
14. batting average 平均成功率(原指擊球平均得分?jǐn)?shù))
15. ascertainable 可以確定的/確切的
16. delineation 描述
17. exactitude 精確
1. The hotel industry worries more about overbuilding than overcrowding, and if they had to meet an unexpected influx, few inns would have a manager to accommodate the weary guests.
[結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析] 復(fù)合句。And后為虛擬條件句。
[參考譯文] 旅館業(yè)就憂(yōu)慮旅館建的太多，不愁人太多。但是如果他們不得不碰到意想不到大批旅客，沒(méi)有什么旅館會(huì)有一位經(jīng)理去安排疲憊不堪的客人的食宿。
答案詳解
1. C. 人口。答案在第六句，“那時(shí)羅馬計(jì)算人頭作為征稅的適當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)，目的很簡(jiǎn)單�！�
A. 財(cái)富。 B. 流動(dòng)性。 C. 人口調(diào)查員。
2. A. 正把統(tǒng)計(jì)研究從文科轉(zhuǎn)變成理科。這是從第六句開(kāi)始講的一種觀(guān)點(diǎn)�！艾F(xiàn)在，政府機(jī)構(gòu)和私人組織的一系列復(fù)雜的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字，由智者和先知人物殷切地瀏覽和解釋以取得預(yù)先外未來(lái)事件的線(xiàn)索。圣經(jīng)并沒(méi)有告訴我們羅馬的人口調(diào)查員是怎么調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)的。至于我們當(dāng)前更加關(guān)心的問(wèn)題：目前經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測(cè)的'可靠性，意見(jiàn)分歧很大。美國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)協(xié)會(huì)125周年慶�；顒�(dòng)上，人們?cè)诖笏列麚P(yáng)這些不同觀(guān)點(diǎn)。有一種說(shuō)法是經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測(cè)可能正從文科轉(zhuǎn)向科學(xué)(理科)發(fā)展。有些人興高采烈大談新型計(jì)算機(jī)和非常高級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)系統(tǒng)�！弊髡唠m然沒(méi)有明說(shuō)，明眼人一看便知，藝術(shù)向科學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)變正是美國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)協(xié)會(huì)在把統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)從文科轉(zhuǎn)向理科。所以A. 對(duì)。
B. 在商業(yè)預(yù)測(cè)方面具有杰出的記錄。不對(duì)。實(shí)際上“平均成功率還低于the Mets”
C. 既沒(méi)有希望也不樂(lè)觀(guān)。文內(nèi)沒(méi)有提及。只提作者他們半喜半憂(yōu)離開(kāi)協(xié)會(huì)。
D. 以數(shù)學(xué)的精確性來(lái)說(shuō)話(huà)。見(jiàn)下道題解釋。協(xié)會(huì)部分人卻有此看法“數(shù)學(xué)精確性�！�
3. B. 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)(到現(xiàn)在為止)還不是一門(mén)科學(xué)(理科)。文章最后幾句話(huà)�！斑B統(tǒng)計(jì)協(xié)會(huì)的主席也告戒說(shuō)高能統(tǒng)計(jì)法在實(shí)際材料原始和不允許的地方一般發(fā)揮正常。這跟低級(jí)的，不合適的統(tǒng)計(jì)員所假定的正好相反。我們懷著憂(yōu)“�！睋桨氲男那殡x開(kāi)周年慶祝宴會(huì)，懷著確實(shí)不是新近才有的信念，相信應(yīng)用于確切材料上恰當(dāng)?shù)慕y(tǒng)計(jì)法在經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測(cè)中有它的貢獻(xiàn)，只要預(yù)測(cè)人員和公眾不受蒙蔽，誤呆板所述概率和趨勢(shì)當(dāng)作數(shù)學(xué)精確無(wú)比的預(yù)測(cè)就行�！�
A. 統(tǒng)計(jì)員從羅馬時(shí)代起就沒(méi)向前進(jìn)步過(guò)。 C. 統(tǒng)計(jì)員愛(ài)計(jì)算機(jī)。這兩項(xiàng)文內(nèi)沒(méi)有提到。 D. 計(jì)算機(jī)前程遠(yuǎn)大。文內(nèi)只講了有些人懷著興高采烈的心情大講新型計(jì)算機(jī)和非常高級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)“系統(tǒng)”，暗示了計(jì)算機(jī)大有希望。但不是所有人都這樣認(rèn)為的。最重要的計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用并不能改變這個(gè)事實(shí)：統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)不是立刻，而是文科。所以B. 對(duì)。
4. A. 基督，圣誕節(jié)，指基督的誕生。圣經(jīng)中的一個(gè)故事。
B. the Mets. 圣經(jīng)中率領(lǐng)希伯萊人出埃及的領(lǐng)袖，也作放債的猶太人講。 C. 摩西。 D. 羅馬人口調(diào)查員。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀真題資源 2
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You Endure
[A] As constant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, then boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with (繼續(xù)處理) the emails that have inevitably still piled up.
[B] Why should flying deplete us? We’re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can’t we be tougher, more resilient (有復(fù)原力的) and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking.
[C] We often take a militaristic, “tough” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more round, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate.
[D] The very lack of a recovery period is dramatically holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery—whether by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones—is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity.
[E] And just because work stops, it doesn’t mean we are recovering. We “stop” work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we’ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics(工作狂). The scientists cite a definition of “workaholism” as “being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”
[F] We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includes the majority of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge health care costs and turnover costs for employers.
[G] The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resilient child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn’t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Overwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we’re young only magnify when we hit the workforce.
[H] As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk burnout. Gathering your resources to “try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities that allow us to return to a state of balance. The value of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us.
[I] So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day or the next morning, you’ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brain is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. That’s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.
[J] If you’re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstra, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when the mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work—e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed and get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do.
[K] If you really want to build resilience, you can start by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many times you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours a day.
[L] In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends—not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your productivity and likelihood of promotion.
[M] As for us, we’ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connection make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone.
36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to poor health and accidents.
37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.
38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one’s work efficiency.
39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.
40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to have stopped working.
41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.
42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.
43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.
44. People’s distorted view about resilience may have developed from their upbringing.
45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.
答案：
36.D
37. J
38. L
39. A
40. E
41. K
42. I
43.B
44. G
45. C
四級(jí)閱讀理解答案：詞匯理解
26. G)habitats
【語(yǔ)法判斷】marine是形容詞，表示“海洋的”，后面應(yīng)該跟一個(gè)名詞。符合條件的名詞有experiences(經(jīng)驗(yàn))、exterior(外部)、habitats(棲息地)、investment(投資)、territory(領(lǐng)土)、victim(受害人)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】從上下文可知，暗礁是潛泳和保護(hù)海洋______的圣地，所以應(yīng)該選habitats，海洋棲息地。
27. M)stripped
【語(yǔ)法判斷】此處謂語(yǔ)不完整，要填寫(xiě)動(dòng)詞，由was可知要使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。符合條件的動(dòng)詞有depressed(使…沮喪)、stripped(剝奪、剝離)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】被沉下去的A300被______了所有有可能對(duì)環(huán)境有害的東西，所以應(yīng)該選stripped，被剝離了。
28. A)create
【語(yǔ)法判斷】此處是倒裝句，the sunken plane will后面應(yīng)該跟動(dòng)詞原形。符合條件的動(dòng)詞有create(創(chuàng)作、創(chuàng)造)、innovate(發(fā)明)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】被沉默的飛機(jī)不僅僅將會(huì)給人工暗礁的生長(zhǎng)_____完美的骨架，所以應(yīng)該選create，創(chuàng)造出。
29. L)stretches
【語(yǔ)法判斷】主句缺少謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是the plane，應(yīng)該選擇動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。符合條件的動(dòng)詞有experiences(經(jīng)歷)、stretches(延展到)
【語(yǔ)意判斷】這個(gè)飛機(jī)____總長(zhǎng)度54米，所以應(yīng)該選stretches，延展到。
30. C)eventually
【語(yǔ)法判斷】where引導(dǎo)的從句有完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)副詞。符合條件的副詞有eventually(最后，終于)、intentionally(故意地、有意地)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】在這個(gè)地方，潛水者將_______能夠探索機(jī)艙和….，因?yàn)槭窃陲w機(jī)沉下去以后，潛水者才能夠進(jìn)行探索，所以應(yīng)該選eventually，最終
31. F)exterior
【語(yǔ)法判斷】由plane’s可知此處為所有格，應(yīng)該填一個(gè)名詞。符合條件的名詞有experiences(經(jīng)驗(yàn))、exterior(外部)、investment(投資)、territory(領(lǐng)土)、victim(受害人)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】潛水者最終可以探索機(jī)艙和飛機(jī)的_____，潛水者會(huì)探索飛機(jī)的`內(nèi)部和外部，所以應(yīng)該選exterior，外部。
32. J)investment
【語(yǔ)法判斷】由that代詞可知，此處應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)一個(gè)名詞。符合條件的名詞有experiences(經(jīng)驗(yàn))、investment(投資)、territory(領(lǐng)土)、victim(受害人)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】他們(投資者)希望通過(guò)旅游業(yè)看到在_____上的回報(bào)，又從前一句知道投資者在飛機(jī)上花了大量的金錢(qián)，所以應(yīng)該選擇investment，投資上的回報(bào)。
33. O)victim
【語(yǔ)法判斷】由定冠詞the和介詞of可知，此處應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)一個(gè)名詞。符合條件的名詞有experiences(經(jīng)驗(yàn))、territory(領(lǐng)土)、victim(受害者)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】土耳其這個(gè)國(guó)家是幾起致命的恐怖襲擊的______，由上文可知，土耳其的旅游業(yè)出現(xiàn)了下滑的趨勢(shì)，他們受到了恐怖襲擊的影響，所以應(yīng)該選victim，受害者。
34. I)intentionally
【語(yǔ)法判斷】sunk修飾aircraft表示被沉沒(méi)的飛機(jī)，此處可以填寫(xiě)一個(gè)形容詞和sunk并列修飾aircraft，也可以是一個(gè)副詞修飾形容詞sunk。符合條件的形容詞有depressed(沮喪的)、revealing(透露真情的、有啟迪作用的);符合條件的副詞有intentionally(故意地、有意地)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】A300是的______被沉沒(méi)的飛機(jī)，由上下文可知，這架飛機(jī)是被人為地沉沒(méi)到海底地，所以此處應(yīng)該選intentionally，故意被沉沒(méi)的飛機(jī)。
35. E)exploring
【語(yǔ)法判斷】and并聯(lián)連詞連接taking和填空部分，形式應(yīng)與taking保持一致，動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。符合條件的動(dòng)詞有exploring(探索)、revealing(揭露)。
【語(yǔ)意判斷】經(jīng)歷一場(chǎng)水下旅行和_______沉沒(méi)的A300內(nèi)部，由語(yǔ)意可知，應(yīng)該選擇exploring，探索內(nèi)部。
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