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英語四級閱讀模擬題精選練習(xí)
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Passage 1
Oceanography has been defined as “Theapplication of all sciences to the study of the sea”.
Before the nineteen century, scientists with aninterest in the sea were few and far between.Certainly Newton considered some theoreticalaspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant togo to sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelersor others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions aboutit, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that question “What is at thebottom of the oceans?” had tobe answered with any commercial consequence was when thelaying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The had to know the depthprofile(起伏形狀)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.mote,and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living fromthe sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask whatlay beneaththe surface. The first time that question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to beanswered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable fromEurope to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile(起伏形狀)of theroute to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.
It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, forinformation on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyagesduring which soundings(測身) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic andPacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book ThePhysical Geography of the Sea.
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. Atthe early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to becovered in living growths, afact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was nolife in the deeper parts of the sea.
Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientificexpedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from thesea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volumereport, the last volume being published in 1895.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographicstudies take on ______.
A. an academic aspect
B. a military aspect
C. a business aspect
D. an international aspect
2. It was ______ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.
A. the American Navy
B. some early intercontinental travelers
C. those who earned a living from the sea
D. the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable
3. The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was ______.
A. to make some sounding experiments in the oceans
B. to collect samples of sea plants and animals
C. to estimate the length of cable that was needed
D. to measure the depths of the two oceans
4. “Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means “______”.
A. doubted
B. gave proof to
C. challenged
D. agreed to
5. This passage is mainly about ______.
A. the beginnings of oceanography
B. the laying of the first undersea cable
C. the investigation of ocean depths
D. the early intercontinental communications
參考答案
1.[C] 亊實判斷題。文章第3段第2句提到，這個問題的解答是具有商業(yè)結(jié)果的。C中的business為原文中commercial 同義改寫，故選C。
2.[D] 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第4段首句為一個強調(diào)句，強調(diào)的是賓語。題干也是一個強調(diào)句型，但強調(diào)的是主語。如果把原文的強調(diào)句型改為一般的句型，就知道向Maury尋求幫助的是the Atlantic Telegraph Company.故答案為D。A是Maury的工作單位，可以排除;原文只提到對于一些早期的穿越洲際的旅行家和依靠海洋維持生計的人，海洋并不遙遠(yuǎn)，故B、C與題意不符。
3.[D] 亊實判斷題。文章第4段提到，19世紀(jì)40年代，Maury負(fù)責(zé)推動進(jìn)行測深工作的海上航行，以此來探測北大西洋與太平洋的深度.故選D。
4.[C] 詞義推斷題。當(dāng)時的科學(xué)觀點是海洋較深的地方不存在生命，而事實上在電纜表面發(fā)現(xiàn)了活的生物.由此可知這一亊實對當(dāng)時的科學(xué)觀點提出質(zhì)疑，故答案為C。
5.[A] 主旨題。通讀全文可知，oceanography(海洋學(xué))是全文的中心詞，本文主要講述海洋學(xué)是如何起步的，故答案為A 。B、C只表述了原文中個別細(xì)節(jié)，并非主題;D跟全文無關(guān)。
Passage 2
Read the following passage and answer the questions below.
The Digital Divide
In recent years, the rapid advancement of technology has led to a significant increase in the use of digital devices and the Internet. However, this technological boom has also widened the digital divide—the gap between those who have access to and can effectively use digital technology, and those who do not. The digital divide is not just a matter of having access to technology; it also involves the ability to use it productively and safely.
The impact of the digital divide is far-reaching. Those on the wrong side of the divide often miss out on educational opportunities, job prospects, and even social connections. For example, students without access to the Internet or computers at home may struggle to complete homework assignments that require online research. Similarly, adults without digital skills may find it difficult to secure well-paying jobs in todays increasingly digital economy.
Efforts to bridge the digital divide are being made at various levels. Governments are investing in infrastructure to provide broadband Internet access to rural and underserved areas. Schools are integrating technology into their curricula to ensure that students develop the digital skills they need for the future. Non-profit organizations are offering free or low-cost computer training programs to help those who are digitally excluded.
Despite these efforts, the digital divide remains a significant challenge. The cost of technology and Internet access can be prohibitive for many families, especially in developing countries. Additionally, the lack of digital literacy among older adults and those with lower levels of education remains a barrier to bridging the divide.
Questions:
What is the main idea of the passage?
Answer: The passage discusses the issue of the digital divide and its impact, as well as efforts to bridge it.
What does the phrase "the digital divide" refer to?
Answer: The gap between those who have access to and can effectively use digital technology, and those who do not.
What are some of the impacts of the digital divide mentioned in the passage?
Answer: The impacts include missed educational opportunities, limited job prospects, and social isolation.
How are governments, schools, and non-profit organizations addressing the digital divide?
Answer: Governments are investing in infrastructure, schools are integrating technology into curricula, and non-profit organizations are offering computer training programs.
What remains a significant challenge in bridging the digital divide?
Answer: The cost of technology and Internet access, as well as the lack of digital literacy among certain groups.
Passage 3
Read the following passage and answer the questions below.
The Importance of Sleep
Sleep is a vital biological process that is essential for overall health and well-being. It plays a crucial role in physical restoration, cognitive function, and emotional balance. Despite its importance, many people struggle with sleep disorders or simply do not prioritize sleep enough.
The physical benefits of sleep are numerous. During sleep, the body repairs and rejuvenates itself. Growth hormone, which is crucial for muscle repair and growth, is released during deep sleep. Additionally, sleep helps regulate the immune system, reducing the risk of illness and infection.
Sleep is also essential for cognitive function. It plays a key role in memory consolidation, allowing the brain to process and store new information. Lack of sleep can impair attention, concentration, and decision-making abilities. Students and professionals who do not get enough sleep may struggle with academic or work performance.
Emotionally, sleep is crucial for maintaining a stable mood and reducing stress. Poor sleep can lead to irritability, anxiety, and depression. Conversely, good sleep hygiene practices can improve mood, reduce stress, and enhance overall emotional well-being.
To improve sleep, individuals can adopt various strategies such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, creating a restful sleep environment, and avoiding caffeine and electronic devices before bedtime.
Questions:
What is the main purpose of the passage?
Answer: To emphasize the importance of sleep for overall health and well-being.
What are some physical benefits of sleep mentioned in the passage?
Answer: Physical benefits include body repair and rejuvenation, release of growth hormone, and regulation of the immune system.
How does sleep affect cognitive function?
Answer: Sleep plays a key role in memory consolidation and can impair attention, concentration, and decision-making abilities if lacking.
What emotional benefits can good sleep hygiene practices provide?
Answer: Good sleep hygiene practices can improve mood, reduce stress, and enhance overall emotional well-being.
What are some strategies individuals can adopt to improve sleep?
Answer: Strategies include maintaining a regular sleep schedule, creating a restful sleep environment, and avoiding caffeine and electronic devices before bedtime.
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