英語四級(jí)聽力練習(xí)：人類語言起源

　　The Origins Of Human Speech

　　Scientists have searched for the origins of human speech in the hoots, grunts, and other vocalizations made by primates. It would seem to make sense, after all, that such sounds may be related to the more varied and articulated sounds we humans make. But there are significant differences.

　　For example, human speech is learned, made using controlled and rapid movements of the tongue, lips, and jaw. Primatevocalizations, on the other hand, are not learned but innate.

　　So some researchers are now considering the hypothesis that human speech evolved not from primate sounds but more from monkey facial gestures.

　　Specifically, scientists are interested in how monkeys smack their lips to communicate. Using x ray movies, researchers at Princeton and the University of Vienna have found that primate lip smacking is much more complex than it appears. Like human speech, lip smacking requires quick, controlled movements of the lips, tongue, jaw, and hyoid bone, which supports the larynx and tongue.

　　For example, if you’ve been to a zoo you’ve probably seen chimps making loud lip smacks and buzzing sounds, like blowing a raspberry. Scientists believe that these sounds are a controlled form of chimp communication.

　　This research doesn’t quite solve the puzzle of the evolution of human speech. But it is a fascinating clue that the way we speak may have developed from a combination of sounds produced by the vocal cords and by rapid, controlled movements of the vocal tract, including lips, tongue and jaw.

　　人類語言的起源

　　科學(xué)家一直在通過研究靈長類動(dòng)物發(fā)出的鳴響聲、呼嚕聲以及其他發(fā)音來探尋人類語言的起源。這似乎很有道理，畢竟這些聲音與人類發(fā)出的更加多變、更加清晰的聲音有相似之處。其實(shí)，兩者之間還是有很大不同的。

　　比如，人類語言是后天習(xí)得的，人類通過控制舌頭、嘴唇和下顎間的快速運(yùn)動(dòng)來發(fā)聲。而靈長類動(dòng)物的發(fā)音則是天生而非后天形成的。

　　因此，一些研究人員現(xiàn)在做出假設(shè)：人類語言并不是從靈長類動(dòng)物的聲音進(jìn)化而來，而是從猴子的面部表情進(jìn)化而來的。

　　科學(xué)家對(duì)于猴子如何通過唇動(dòng)來相互交流尤其感到興趣。美國普林斯頓大學(xué)和奧地利維也納大學(xué)的研研究人員通過使用X射線視頻發(fā)現(xiàn)，靈長目動(dòng)物的唇動(dòng)要比看上去復(fù)雜的多。它們的唇動(dòng)和人類語言一樣需要控制嘴唇、舌頭、下顎以及支撐喉頭和舌頭的舌骨之間快速運(yùn)動(dòng)來發(fā)聲。

　　舉個(gè)例子，如果你去過動(dòng)物園，你可能看到過大猩猩發(fā)出很響的咂嘴聲和嗡嗡聲，就像在嘲弄你一般�？茖W(xué)家相信這些聲音是大猩猩溝通的一種形式。

　　這項(xiàng)研究并不能真正揭開人類語言進(jìn)化的謎團(tuán)，但是卻提供了一個(gè)非常有用的線索，那就是人類說話的方式可能是從聲帶和聲道（由嘴唇、舌頭和下顎組成）的快速運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的聲音組合發(fā)展而來的。

【英語四級(jí)聽力練習(xí)：人類語言起源】相關(guān)文章：

英語四級(jí)聽力篇章練習(xí)及答案04-27

日常英語四級(jí)聽力練習(xí)題09-09

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)聽力練習(xí)題10-23

英語四級(jí)聽力考試能力提升練習(xí)05-05

大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試聽力聽寫練習(xí)04-24

英語四級(jí)聽力短篇新聞練習(xí)題11-28

最新英語四級(jí)考試聽力在線輔導(dǎo)練習(xí)11-21

2023年12月英語四級(jí)聽力練習(xí)試題及解析03-05

聽力聽寫專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題英語四級(jí)模擬試卷01-22

怎樣練習(xí)高考英語聽力？05-16