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2016年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)仔細(xì)閱讀試題
轉(zhuǎn)眼2016下半年的英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試就快到了，建議大家每天進(jìn)行一些閱讀訓(xùn)練，培養(yǎng)英語(yǔ)閱讀習(xí)慣和信息查找能力，為12月的英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試打好基礎(chǔ)。
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A)， B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
The first week of July 1776 was a busy one for Thomas Jefferson. The Declaration of Independence, which he largely wrote, was adopted on the fourth. But he chose the same week to begin keeping a record of the temperature change in a notebook. This wasn't a single example: for eight years, as president, Jefferson made detailed notes on the seasonal availability of various vegetables in the markets of Washington, DC.
This wasn't because he couldn't focus, says Joshua Kendall, author of America's Obsessives (強(qiáng)迫癥者):The Compulsive Energy That Built a Nation. Rather, his obsessional habits were a self-soothing response to anxiety. When his wife died, he responded by cataloguing the tens of thousands of letters he'd sent or received. "A mind always employed is always happy," he liked to say. But that wasn't a platitude (陳詞濫調(diào)): some of Jefferson's compulsive industriousness made history, but all of it helped keep him mentally healthy.
The core of Kendall's argument is that many successful people show symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (強(qiáng)迫型人格障礙). Steve Jobs would get angry over a misplaced comma; he rejected one version of the Apple II computer because the lines on its internal circuit boards weren't straight enough. But, if Kendall is correct, Jobs wasn't a person consumed solely by his own ambition: he focused on shaping and perfecting the physical world just to avoid confronting his innermost self.Kendall quotes a psychiatrist who says it often begins with an insecure growing-up: "Children who have little control over the key events and people in their lives begin to focus on something they can control." Avoiding self-reflection, they make poor parents and partners. But their avoidance also leads to their success.
This is disturbing, since the "experiential avoidance"---the effort not to feel certain feelings, or think certain thoughts--is widely considered as a bad thing. It's blamed for everything from social anxiety to self-harm; the fast-developing acceptance and commitment therapy is dedicated to overcoming it, by helping people safely to "feel their feelings". Could it really bring benefits?
The question strikes deep at how we think about psychological disorders. By definition, they interfere with life. But what counts as interfering is subjective: is it "better" to be a great innovator than an ordinary spouse, or vice versa? The happiest among Kendall's obsessives are those with self-awareness: they chose to embrace their obsessions, accepting the downsides. The tragic ones kept trying to make their relationships conform to their rigid demands. A Wired magazine cover last year asked readers, “Do you really want to be like Steve Jobs?" In a work culture that increasingly uses "obsessive" as a compliment, it's worth pausing to ask the question.
56. What was the main reason for Thomas Jefferson being busy in the first week of July 1776?
A. The adoption of the Declaration of Independence.
B. The recording of the temperature changes.
C. The recording of the availability of vegetables in the markets.
D. All of the above.
57. According to Kendall, why did Jefferson catalogue these letters when his wife died?
A. Because he couldn't focus on one matter.
B. Because he had sent and received too many letters.
C. Because he was industrious in order to make history.
D. Because he wanted to get relieved from the pain.
58. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true about Steve Jobs?
A. He paid close attention to details.
B. He showed some symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
C. He easily lost his temper over little things.
D. He tried to avoid facing his true self.
59. What does the underlined "it" (Line 4, Para.4)refer to?
A. Acceptance and commitment therapy.
B. Experiential avoidance.
C. Social anxiety.
D. Self-harm.
60. What can we infer about the author's attitude towards "obsessive"?
A. It interferes with life.
B. It can be taken as a compliment.
C. It may lead to huge success.
D. It is widely blamed for everything.
1776年七月的第-周對(duì)耗馬斯•杰斐遜來(lái)說(shuō)是繁忙的-周.由他豐筆的《獨(dú)立宣言》要在四號(hào)被采用。但是他選擇在同-周開(kāi)始在筆記本上記錄氣溫變化。這還不是特例：作辦總統(tǒng)，杰斐遜在八年期間-直詳細(xì)記錄各種蔬菜在華盛頓特區(qū)市場(chǎng)上的季節(jié)性供應(yīng)情況。
按照《美國(guó)的強(qiáng)迫癥者：建造國(guó)家的-股強(qiáng)迫性力量》的作者約書亞•肯德?tīng)柕恼f(shuō)法，這不是因?yàn)榻莒尺d不能專注。相反.他的強(qiáng)迫性習(xí)慣是應(yīng)對(duì)焦慮的-種自我安撫.他的妻子去世時(shí).他的反應(yīng)就是把他曾發(fā)出和收到的成千上萬(wàn)的信件編成目錄.他喜歡說(shuō)： “忙碌的頭腦總是快樂(lè)的.”但這不是陳辭濫調(diào)：杰斐遜的-些強(qiáng)迫件的勤勉創(chuàng)造了歷史.但所有這些都幫助他保持心智健康。
肯德?tīng)柕挠^點(diǎn)的核心在于很多成功人士都具有強(qiáng)追性人格障礙的癥狀。斯蒂夫•喬布斯會(huì)因?yàn)?個(gè)逗號(hào)放錯(cuò)位置而勃然大怒。他還因?yàn)閮?nèi)部電路板上的線路不夠直而放棄了蘋果二代電腦的某個(gè)版本.但是.如果肯德?tīng)柺钦_的.喬布斯就不是-個(gè)完全沉溺于個(gè)人抱負(fù)中的人.他專注于塑造和完善這個(gè)物質(zhì)世界只是為了不去面對(duì)內(nèi)心最深處的自我.-位精神病學(xué)家認(rèn)為這通常源于缺少安全感的成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程，肯德?tīng)栆盟脑捳f(shuō)： “如果兒童對(duì)生活中的主要事件和人沒(méi)有控制力，他們就會(huì)專注于某件他們能夠控制的事情。”逃避自省，他們不會(huì)成為好的父母和搭檔，但他們的逃避卻讓他們走向成功。
這是讓人困擾的，因?yàn)?ldquo;經(jīng)驗(yàn)迥避”——努力不去感受某些感覺(jué)或者思考某些想法——被普遍看作-件壞事。從社交性焦慮到自殘的所有事情都?xì)w咎于它。正在迅速發(fā)展的接受和投入療法也是致力于克服它，通過(guò)幫助人們安全地“感受他們的感覺(jué)”。它真的能帶來(lái)好處嗎?
這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要我們深入思考如何看待心理障礙.從定義上講.心理障礙會(huì)妨礙生活.但什么才算作“妨礙”需要個(gè)人生觀判斷：做-個(gè)偉大的革新家比成為-個(gè)平凡的配偶“更好”嗎?還是反之亦然?在肯德?tīng)柕膹?qiáng)迫癥者中.最幸福的是那些右自我意識(shí)的人：他們選擇去接受那些強(qiáng)迫性意念.接受它們的負(fù)面效應(yīng).而那些不幸的人則不斷地努力讓他們的關(guān)系符合他們-成不變的需求。去年《聯(lián)線雜志》的-個(gè)封面向讀者問(wèn)道， “您真的想像斯蒂夫•喬布斯-樣嗎?”在-個(gè)把“強(qiáng)迫癥”越來(lái)越多地用作恭維的工作文化中，我們值得停下來(lái)問(wèn)-下這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
56.What was the main reason for Thomas Jefferson being busy in the first week of July 1776?托馬斯•杰斐遜在1776年七月的第-周很忙的主要原因是什么? A
A.The adoption of the Declaration of Independence.《獨(dú)立宣言》被采用。
B.The recording of the temperature changes.記錄氣溫變化。
C.The recording of the availability of vegetables in the markets.記錄蔬菜在市場(chǎng)上的供應(yīng)情況。
D.All of the above.以上都包括。
57.According to Kendall，why did Jefferson catalogue these letters when his wife died?根據(jù)肯德?tīng)柕挠^點(diǎn)，為什么杰斐遜在妻子去世時(shí)把那些信件做成目錄? D
A.Because he couldn’t focus on one matter.因?yàn)樗荒芗芯褡?件事。
B.Because he had sent and received too many letters.因?yàn)樗l(fā)送和收到太多的信件。
C.Because he was industrious in order to make history.因?yàn)樗麨榱藙?chuàng)造歷史而非常勤勉。
D.Because he wanted to get relieved from the pain.因?yàn)樗霃耐纯嘀薪饷摮鰜?lái)。
58.According to the passage，which of the following statements is NOT true about Steve Jobs?根據(jù)原文，下面關(guān)于斯蒂夫•喬布斯的陳述哪-項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的? C
A.He paid close attention to details.他非常關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)。
B.He showed some symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.他表現(xiàn)出-些強(qiáng)迫性人格障礙的癥狀。
C.He easily lost his temper over little things.他容易因?yàn)樾∈露l(fā)脾氣。
D.He tried to avoid facing his true self.他努力避免面對(duì)真實(shí)的自我。
59.What does the underlined “it”(Line 4，Para.4)refer to?下劃線單詞“it”(第4段第4行.指代的是什么? B
A.Acceptance and commitment therapy.接受與投入療法
B.Experiential avoidance.經(jīng)驗(yàn)回避
C.Social anxiety.社交性焦慮
D.Self-harm.自殘
60.What can we infer about the author’s attitude towards “obsessive”?我們可以推論出作者對(duì)于“強(qiáng)迫癥者”的態(tài)度是怎樣的? C
A.It interferes with life.它妨礙生活。
B.It can be taken as a compliment.它可以被看作是-種恭維。
C.It may lead to huge success.它能走向巨大的成功。
D.It is widely blamed for everything.它因?yàn)楹芏嗍虑槎艿阶l責(zé)。
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