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2017年英語六級考試閱讀輔導(dǎo)題練習(xí)
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A new citizen-science project will improve the chances of finding ET.
一個新的平民科學(xué)項目可以增大找到地外智慧的機會
EVER since 1993, when funding from America's space agency, NASA, was cut, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, which scans the sky looking for radio signals from intelligent aliens, has been inventive in its methods.
自從1993年，尋找地外智慧在失去了美國航天局的資助后，開辟了一個新的的研究途徑。
In particular, it was one of the pioneers of the field of citizen science, in which interested amateurs are recruited to help professionals crunch data.
具體來說，這個新途徑是平民科學(xué)的先驅(qū)之一，它邀請感興趣的外行人來幫助專家處理海量數(shù)據(jù)。
In 1999 it started SETIhome, an application that uses spare processing power on volunteers' computers to sift the information generated by its radio telescopes.
1999年，在家尋找地外智慧項目啟動了，它通過一個應(yīng)用程序利用志愿者的電腦上閑置的計算資源來篩選來自射頻望遠鏡的信息。
These days, SETIhome boasts more than 1m users.
今天，在家尋找地外智慧已經(jīng)號稱擁有超過100萬的用戶。
On February 29th the SETI Institute launched another citizen-science project.
2月29號，尋找地外智慧協(xié)會啟動了一個新的平民科學(xué)項目。
This time, though, its researchers are less interested in the digital computers on volunteers' desks than in the biological ones between their ears.
這次，研究人員們更加感興趣的是志愿者的雙眼，而不是他們桌上的計算機。實時尋找地外智慧，
SETILive, as the project is called, hopes to use the pattern-recognition capabilities of brains to distinguish interesting signals from the cacophony of interference generated by the denizens of planet Earth—and to do so in real time.
就像它的名稱所說，它希望利用我們大腦的模式識別能力來辨認出夾雜在由地球原住民產(chǎn)生的信號中的有趣信號，實時地。
The basic idea behind SETI is to look for distinctive radio-frequency emissions that might come from advanced aliens rather than natural sources like stars.
尋找地外智慧的基本想法是尋找來自高級地外生命而不是其他自然來源如恒星的射頻信號。
To do this, the SETI Institute uses an instrument called the Allen Telescope Array—a group of 42 small radio-telescope dishes in California, partly paid for by the eponymous co-founder of Microsoft.
其協(xié)會依靠的工具是坐落在加州的艾倫望遠鏡陣列，它由42個小的射頻望遠鏡組成，因為微軟的共同創(chuàng)始人提供了部分資金而得名。
Unfortunately, some parts of the radio spectrum are full of signals created by Earthlings, rather than aliens.
不幸的是，來自地球居民而不是外星人的信號擠滿了射頻頻譜的一部分。
Everything from passing satellites and tumbling space junk to ground-based radar and even the ignition systems of nearby cars can generate spurious radio waves that confuse the software.
各種各樣的來源產(chǎn)生了欺騙性的信號迷惑了相關(guān)軟件，這些來源包括劃過天空的衛(wèi)星和翻滾的太空垃圾，地面上的雷達甚至是附近汽車的點火系統(tǒng)。
Until now, the project has dealt with that by ignoring the more crowded bits of the spectrum.
目前，項目只能避開這些擁擠的頻段。
But SETILive will bring them into play.
但是實時尋找地外智慧就可以把這些被迫忽略的頻段拿來一起分析。
It will do so by feeding pictorial representations of data from these noisy chunks of the spectrum to its users in the hope that they will be able to filter out the noise and spot potentially interesting signals buried behind the radio clutter from Earth.
它把在這些充滿噪聲的擁擠頻段內(nèi)的信息轉(zhuǎn)換成圖像發(fā)送給用戶，希望他們能夠在這些噪音中發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在特別的信號。
Those interesting signals will not necessarily have come from alien civilisations, says Chris Lintott,
這些特別的信號不一定就來自外星文明。Chris Lintott說。
an astrophysicist at Oxford University who helps to run Zooniverse, a citizen-science website that manages several projects, including SETILive.
他是牛津大學(xué)的天文物理學(xué)家，
But even if they do not, some new astronomical phenomena may be discovered by the project. And as the various sources of interference become better characterised, the results will be fed back into the automated-search algorithms, improving their ability to deal with Earth-generated noise.
幫助運作一個管理了包括實時尋找地外智慧在內(nèi)的一些項目的平民科學(xué)網(wǎng)站-宇宙動物園。
Other citizen-science projects already use the superior pattern-recognition capabilities of human wetware, but SETILive is different from these in one important way.
其他一些平民科學(xué)項目已經(jīng)在利用人類自身濕件的模式識別能力了，但是實時尋找地外智慧在一個重要方面與它們都不同。
Rather than having its users pore at leisure over stored data, aliens are hunted on the fly.
外星人是被即時捕捉到的，而不是用戶從容地凝視那些儲存好了的數(shù)據(jù)。
Users logging on to the project's website view information that is hot from the Allen Array.
用戶登錄項目網(wǎng)站后看到的信息是剛剛從艾倫望遠鏡陣列傳來的。
They have to work quickly, though.
他們還必須看得快些，
Every 90 seconds, the array switches to looking at a different star, or a different frequency range, and a new image is generated.
因為每隔90秒望遠鏡陣列就會切換觀測另外一個星體或者一個不同的頻段，一幅新的信息轉(zhuǎn)換成的圖像就會顯示出來。
If, however, the humans do spot something interesting, the array can be told within three minutes to switch back to observing the star or range in question, to see if the signal is still there.
如果萬一有人確實看到了一些特別的信息，望遠鏡陣列會在3分鐘之內(nèi)切換回那個特定的星體或者頻段，看看信號還是否在那。
That is a big advantage, says Dr Lintott.
Lintott博士說這是一個很大的優(yōu)勢。
Volunteers working on SETIhome have found plenty of interesting signals,
在家尋找地外智慧的志愿者們就發(fā)現(xiàn)過很多有趣的信號，
but because the data they analyse are often months old, those signals have usually vanished by the time anyone gets around to checking up on them.
但是因為那些數(shù)據(jù)大多是幾個月之前的，當研究人員有機會回頭查看時通常它們都已經(jīng)消失了。
The most famous example of such delayed discovery, though it long predates the start of SETIhome, is the so-called Wow! signal.
這類延遲事件最出名的一次，盡管早在在家尋找地外智慧啟動之前，是一個被稱為Wow!的信號。
This signal, which looked exactly like the sort of thing astronomers had theorised aliens might use to get in touch was spotted in telescope printouts in 1977.
1977年，這個信號在一個望遠鏡輸出文件中被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，它完全符合天文學(xué)家理論預(yù)測的外星人用來和外界聯(lián)系的特征。
It was a powerful, finely tuned broadcast at the most important natural frequency for radio astronomers—the one generated by the flipping spin of the electron in a hydrogen atom.
這個信號不僅強烈，而且精確地在射頻天文學(xué)中最重要的自然頻率上發(fā)射出來。
But by the time astronomers had noticed it and set their instruments up to double-check, the signal had vanished.
但是等到天文學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)并且使用儀器進行二次確認的時候它已經(jīng)消失了。
If a second Wow! signal were discovered by SETILive, astronomers could focus on it almost immediately.
如果第二個Wow!信號被實時尋找地外智慧發(fā)現(xiàn)，天文學(xué)家就可以幾乎立即對準它。
First contact with aliens, then, might take place not in a lab full of computers but late one night in a suburban bedroom. There could be a film in that.
第一次與外星人的接觸，說不定就不是發(fā)生在滿是電腦的實驗室里，而是深夜在一個城郊住宅區(qū)的臥室中。果真如此就可以拍一部電影了。
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