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2014年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀單選題詳解-因果條件題
Passage 1
Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively,.fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.
One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train (馴服)it. Obedience training doesn't solve all behavior problems,but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem- Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct ‘your dog about what you want it to do.
Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order, When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here,sit，” it is shooting obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack (群)by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate (從屬的)role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.
Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.
3. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?
A. To avoid being punished,
B. To show their affection for their masters.
C. To win leadership of the dog pack-
D. To show their willingness; to obey
講解答案：
D本題問(wèn)“為什么寵物狗喜歡為主人表演技能?”根據(jù)第三段中Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order... You can teach your dog its subordinate role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.(訓(xùn)練也是建立社會(huì)等級(jí)的方法。你可以通過(guò)教狗表示服從你，來(lái)教它扮演從屬的角色。 大多數(shù)的狗都喜歡為你表演技能以此來(lái)表示樂(lè)意接受你的主宰地位。)所以被馴服的寵物狗喜歡 為人表演技能的原因是to show their willingness to obey。所以D是正確答案。
Passage 2
The rise of multinational corporations (跨國(guó)公司)，global. marketing，new communications technologies and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR.
Surprisingly,since modern PR was largely an American invention, the U. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries. Ten years ago,for example, the worlds top five public relations agencies were American-owned. The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative. A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part pf their corporate ,planning activities，compared to about one-third of U. S. companies. It may not be long,before London replaces New York as the capital of PR.
Why is America lagging behind in the global PR rap Q?
First,Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography，for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burton Marshall’s U.S. employees know two languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language, Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs. In the financial PR area, for instance,most Americans read the Wall Street Journal. Overseas,their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist,publications not often read in this country.
Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN (Cable News Network) : Turner recently announced that the word “foreign” would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts. According to Turner,global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.
1. According to the passage,U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened because
A. an unparalleled increase in the number of public relations companies
B. shrinking cultural differences and new communications technologies
C. the decreasing number of multinational abjurations in the U.S.
D. increased efforts of other countries in public relations
2. London could soon replace New York as the center of PR because
A. British companies are more ambitious than U.S. companies
B. British companies place more importance on PR than U.S. companies
C. British companies are heavily involved in planning activities
D. Four of the world’s top public relations agencies are British-owned
講解答案：
1. D 依據(jù)文章第二段第一行和第二行... the U. S. leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries.可以判定 D 為正確選項(xiàng)。
2. B 依據(jù)是文章第二段第四行開(kāi)始 A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies included PR as part of their corporate planning activities, compared to about one-third of U. S. companies.可以判定B正確。
Passage 3
There is Ho denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine (內(nèi)燃機(jī))has something to do with burning fuel,expanding gases and pi伽ns (活塞)being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further,students might be helped by a course that considers the computer s impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy (讀寫(xiě)能力);it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.
Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to,people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun,and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making.
Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly” ? Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer” mean? It sounds like learning to drive a car , that is，it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that,once
acquired,enable one to use a computer.
In fact, —.learning to use a computer”'is much more like “learning to play a game，but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game，whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.
4. To be the competent citizens of tomorrow,people should ?
A. try to lay a solid foundation in computer science
B. be aware of how the things that they use do what they do
C. learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills
D. understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car
講解答案：
C 何要能成為未來(lái)稱職的公民，人們應(yīng)怎樣做。根據(jù)文章第二段的意思，學(xué)習(xí)使用計(jì)算機(jī)和學(xué)習(xí)用計(jì)算機(jī)編程是兩回事，明確指出未來(lái)稱職的公民不該對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)有恐懼感，只要學(xué)會(huì)如何使用計(jì)算機(jī)就可以了，因此選C。
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