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2017年公共英語等級考試二級試題短文理解模擬練習(xí)
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短文理解 |||第一節(jié)短文理解 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的[A]、[B]、[C]和[D]四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
第21題單選修改
閱讀下列短文,回答{TSE}題目.
It is often difficult for a man to be quite sure what tax he ought to pay to the government because it depends on so many different things：whether the man is married;how many children he has;whether he supports any relations;how much he earns;how much interest he receives;how much he has spent on his house during the year，and SO on and SO forth.All this makes it difficult to decide exactly how much the tax is.
There was a certain artist who was always very careful to pay the proper amount.
One year，after posting his check as usual，he began to wonder if he had paid enough，and after a lot of work，with a pencil and paper，he decided that he had not.He believed that he owed the government something.
He was just writing another check to send to the tax-collector when the postman dropped a letter into the box at the front door.Opening it，the artist was surprised to find inside it a check for five pounds from the taxcollector.The official explmned that too much had been paid，and that therefore the difference was now returned to the taxpayer.
{TS} It is mentioned in the passage that one has to pay tax according__________.
A.how much education one has received
B.whether one is single or married
C.how old one’s children are
D.where one lives
參考答案：B
參考解析： 參考譯文
一個(gè)人往往很難確切地知道他應(yīng)該向政府交多少稅。交稅的金額由很多方面決定：是否已婚、孩子的多少、是否要資助親戚、掙多少錢、能得到多少利息以及每年在房子上花費(fèi)多少錢等等。所有這些方面使得很難決定稅款的確切數(shù)額。有個(gè)藝術(shù)家，他總是很小心地繳納合適的稅款數(shù)額。有一年，他照例郵寄了納稅支票后，卻開始懷疑自己是否交足了稅額。用紙筆經(jīng)過一番計(jì)算后，他認(rèn)為自己沒有交夠，還欠政府一些錢。
但是正在他寫另一張繳稅支票時(shí)，郵遞員在他前門的郵箱里放了一封信。打開后，藝術(shù)家驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)原來是稅務(wù)官寄來的5鎊的支票。稅務(wù)官解釋說，他的稅額交多了，因此，多余的稅款現(xiàn)在要退還納稅人。
答案及解析
B【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“文章提到，一個(gè)人應(yīng)該根據(jù)什么來繳稅?”由文章的第一段第一句話看出，一個(gè)人所繳稅款是由很多方面決定的。whether the man is married是其中的一項(xiàng)。所以正確的答案為B。
第22題單選修改
The underlined word“proper”in the second paragraph means__________.
A.small
B.big
C.right
D.wrong
參考答案：C
參考解析：C【解析】詞語釋義題。題干意為“第二段第一行‘proper’的意思是什么?”“proper”的意思是“適當(dāng)?shù)�，合適的”。由文章的最后兩段可知，藝術(shù)家擔(dān)心自己這次繳稅不夠，打算再次補(bǔ)交。所以他以前交的都是合適的。所以正確的答案為C。
第23題單選修改
After a lot of work，the artist thought.that：he had paid the government__________.
A.less tax than he should have
B.more tax than he should have
C.as much tax as usual
D.just enough tax
參考答案：A
參考解析：A【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意為“經(jīng)過計(jì)算后，藝術(shù)家認(rèn)為這次他繳納的稅款如何?”從文章的第三段內(nèi)容可知，He believed that heowed the govemment something.根據(jù)意思，他認(rèn)為自己仍欠政府的錢，繳納的應(yīng)該比實(shí)際繳的多。所以正確的答案為A。
第24題單選修改
Why did the tax-collector send a letter to the artist?
A.To send him a new tax form.
B.To return the money over-paid.
C.To remind him of paying the tax.
D.To explain the rules of tax-paying.
參考答案：B
參考解析：B【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為“為什么稅務(wù)官給藝術(shù)家寄一封信?”由文章的最后一句話可知，too much had been paid，他的稅額交多了，因此，多余的稅款現(xiàn)在退還納稅人。所以正確的答案為B。
第25題單選修改
閱讀下列短文,回答{TSE}題目.
"How far is it to the next village?" the American asks a man sitting by the side of the road. In some countries, because the man realizes that the traveler is tired and eager to get to his destination( 目的地 ), he will politely say "Just down the road". He thinks this is more encouraging, gentler, and therefore the wanted answer. So the American drives through the night, getting more and more angry, feeling "tricked". He thinks the man purposely cheated him, for obviously he must have known the distance quite well.
Had conditions been turned over, the American would have felt he was "cheating" the driver if he had said the next town was close when he knew it was really 15 miles further on. Though, he, too, would be sympathetic( 同情的 )to the weary driver, he would say "You have a good way to go yet; it is at least 15 miles". The driver might be disappointed, but he would know what to expect.Whether to be correct or polite leads to many misunderstandings between people of different cultures. If you are aware of the situation in advance, it is sometimes easier to recognize the problem.
{TS} The man at the roadside tells the American it is close to the next village because________
A.he is playing a trick on him
B.the American expects the answer
C.he doesn' t know the exact distance at all
D.he wants to encourage him to go further
參考答案：D
參考解析：參考譯文
“這兒離下個(gè)村莊還有多遠(yuǎn)?”一個(gè)美國人向一個(gè)坐在路邊的人詢問道。在一些國家，人們因?yàn)橐庾R到旅行者不僅疲倦而且急切地想要到達(dá)目的地，會禮貌地回答說“就在前頭”。他們認(rèn)為這樣回答更鼓舞人心、更溫和，而且也是期望中的答案。而當(dāng)那個(gè)美國人行駛了一個(gè)晚上仍沒到達(dá)時(shí)，他就會越來越生氣，覺得自己被“愚弄”了。他認(rèn)為那個(gè)人是有意欺騙他。因?yàn)樗_切地想知道這段距離。
如果情況顛倒過來。這個(gè)美國人一定覺得明知道距離下個(gè)村莊還有15英里卻對司機(jī)說就在前面是一種“欺騙”。盡管他也很同情那個(gè)疲倦的司機(jī)，他仍會說：“你還有好一段路要走，至少還要l5英里才到呢。”司機(jī)也許會很沮喪，但他起碼知道該期望些什么。
到底應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)確作答還是禮貌回答在不同文化背景的人們之間引發(fā)了許多誤解。如果你事先對情況有所了解，有時(shí)會更容易意識到這個(gè)問題。
答案及解析
D【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章第一段第三句，He thinks this is moreencouragin9，gentler，and therefore the wanted answer可知，他這樣說是因?yàn)樗牍膭?lì)那個(gè)疲勞的美國人。所以正確的答案為D。
第26題單選修改
If you ask an American how far it is from the next village, he will________
A. tell you the exact distance if he knows it
B.tell you it is close although he knows it isn't
C.say that he doesn' t know and encourage you to go on
D.decide whether you are tired or not, and then give you an answer
參考答案：A
參考解析：A【解析】推理判斷題。從文章第二段...he would say“You have a good way to go yet;it is at least l5 miles”…可知，美國人會實(shí)事求是地告訴你到底還有多遠(yuǎn)。所以正確的答案為A。
第27題單選修改
The short passage advises us to ________
A.be polite but honest to foreigners
B.learn customs of different countries
C.decide whether to be polite according to different cultures
D.tell more truths to Americans than to people from other countries
參考答案：C
參考解析：C【解析】主旨大意題。本文主要通過介紹不同國家的人對于指路的不同回答，以此說明在對待不同國家的人時(shí)要考慮到不同的思維方式。不能用自己的方式去對待任何人，這樣的話，有時(shí)你認(rèn)為是很禮貌、很適宜的事情在他人的眼里往往會成為很不好的事情。
第28題單選修改
閱讀下列短文,回答{TSE}題目.
we found that bar at last.I didn’t have to ask again，for there it was in big red neon letters over the windowStar Bar.There were some iron tables outside with plastic chairs around them.
A few people sat arOund，looking at a portable television set that someone had brought out of the bar.Thev were all in thin summer dresses or short shirts;even at that late hour it was stifling.Two thin dogs lay under one of the tables with their tongues out，and some of the women were fannlng themselves unenthusiastically(無精打采地)with magazines.
“He，s not here，”I said，after a quick look around.The television was speaking out an advertisement for a detergent(洗衣粉)，and the people sitting round had their eyes glued to the Picture of a woman proudly showing how white her husband’s underwear was after having been washed.They took no notice of US at all.
“Well.what did you expect?”replied Fergus，yawning(打呵欠).“It’s only half past nine,and he said he would be here at nine.You ought to know Graig by this time.He’11 turn up sometime after ten.”
{TS}The writer and his friend__________.
A.had never been to that bar before
B.did not know if they had come to the right place
C.asked somebody the name of the bar
D.had little difficulty in finding the bar
參考答案：A
參考解析：參考譯文
我們終于找到了那個(gè)酒吧。我不必再打聽了，因?yàn)樵诖白由嫌幸粋�(gè)巨大的霓虹燈用字母標(biāo)明星星酒吧。外面有一些鐵桌子，四周是塑料凳子。一些人百無聊賴地坐在周圍，看著某個(gè)人從酒吧里拿出來的一個(gè)便攜式電視機(jī)。他們都穿著薄薄的夏裝或短袖衫;已經(jīng)很晚了，天氣還是很悶熱令人窒息。兩條很瘦的狗趴在桌子底下，伸著舌頭，幾個(gè)女子無精打采地用雜志扇著風(fēng)。
“他不在這里，”我很快地看了一下后說道。電視機(jī)正在大聲地播出一個(gè)洗衣粉的廣告，坐在周圍的人的眼睛都盯在那個(gè)自豪地展示丈夫的內(nèi)衣洗后有多么干凈的女人的身上。他們根本沒有注意到我們。
“你還期望什么呢?”弗格斯打著呵欠回答道，“現(xiàn)在才9：30，而他說他會在9點(diǎn)鐘到這里來。現(xiàn)在你應(yīng)該了解Graig了。他會在10點(diǎn)之后的某個(gè)時(shí)候來。”
答案及解析
A【解析】推理判斷題。文章第一句中的at last暗示我們，作者和他的朋友找了好長時(shí)間才找到了這個(gè)地方，故選項(xiàng)D是錯(cuò)誤的;通過窗戶上方的霓虹燈，他們知道已經(jīng)到了和Graig會見的地方。所以，選項(xiàng)B、C也是錯(cuò)誤的;第二句提到“我不用再問路了”，所以可以推測出作者和他的朋友以前沒有到過那個(gè)酒吧。
第29題單選修改
What does the underlined word“stifling”(Paragraph l)probably mean?
A.Disappearing gradually.
B.Giving out into the air.
C.Hot and breathless.
D.Pleasing and comfortable.
參考答案：C
參考解析：C【解析】詞語釋義題。從文章第一段可知，從酒吧口人們的著裝和精神狀態(tài)，幾位女子用雜志無精打采地扇著風(fēng)，很瘦的兩條狗伸出舌頭趴在桌子下面，可推測出雖然已是晚上9：30了，但天氣仍然很悶熱。
第30題單選修改
The people outside the bar__________.
A.were verv interested in the television program
B.were chatting with a saleswoman
C.had no particular interest in anything
D.were very uncomfortable
參考答案：C
參考解析：C【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章第一自然段當(dāng)時(shí)人們的動作和表情可以看出，他們沒有什么特別感興趣的事情可做。
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