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最新公共英語(yǔ)考試閱讀題精選材料
謙虛是學(xué)習(xí)的朋友，自滿是學(xué)習(xí)的敵人。以下是小編為大家搜索整理的最新公共英語(yǔ)考試閱讀題精選材料，希望對(duì)正在關(guān)注的您有所幫助!更多精彩內(nèi)容請(qǐng)及時(shí)關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!
part 1
TUse "desirable difficulty"
運(yùn)用“適當(dāng)增加難度”來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)
Reviewing material is one of the most popular forms of learning. Guess what? It's also one of the least effective. Researchers call this "the fluency illusion." Just because it's easy to remember right now doesn't mean it will stay that way. "Desirable difficulty" means that the harder you work trying to retrieve something from memory, the better you learn. Don't merely reread stuff. Practice like a medical student and quiz yourself with flashcards. You're not going to learn much passively. Research show re-reading material four times was not nearly as effective as reading it once and writing a summary.
復(fù)習(xí)是學(xué)習(xí)的重要一環(huán)，那我要說(shuō)是最沒(méi)有效率的一環(huán)呢?研究學(xué)家稱它為“熟練的假象”你記得某個(gè)知識(shí)并不代表著在任何情況下你都能熟練運(yùn)用。“適當(dāng)增加難度”的意義在于，你越難回憶起某個(gè)知識(shí)，你就會(huì)記得越牢。不要就簡(jiǎn)單的復(fù)讀，可以學(xué)習(xí)醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生利用閃卡來(lái)測(cè)試自己。不要被動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)，研究表明，一本書你讀四遍的效果不如你讀一遍然后寫一篇讀書小結(jié)來(lái)的好。
You need to struggle. Whether it's memorizing information or practicing a sport or skill, you want your practice to be challenging. When I spoke to Dan Coyle, bestselling author of The Talent Code, he said: We learn when we're in our discomfort zone. When you're struggling, that's when you're getting smarter. The more time you spend there, the faster you learn. It's better to spend a very, very high quality ten minutes, or even 10 seconds, than it is to spend a mediocre hour.
你得受點(diǎn)挫折，不管是在記憶方面或是鍛煉某項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)或其他技能。要盡量做些有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)。就像《一萬(wàn)個(gè)小時(shí)天才》的作者Dan Colye所說(shuō)，在我們舒適區(qū)以外，我們最能學(xué)到東西。就是俗話說(shuō)的“吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智”，花越多的時(shí)間鉆研，你就會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)得越快。聚精會(huì)神的`十分鐘，哪怕是10秒鐘，比一個(gè)小時(shí)的磨洋工要有效率的多。
The Get fast, negative feedback
快速?gòu)氖≈形〗?jīng)驗(yàn)
One of the three key components to "10,000 hours of deliberate practice" is feedback. Without it you don't know if you're improving or what you need to work on next. And don't just listen to me because I read the nerdy research. The most un-nerdy people in the world are on the same page. When I spoke to Navy SEAL platoon commander James Waters, he said feedback is critical.
關(guān)于“一萬(wàn)小時(shí)刻意訓(xùn)練”三個(gè)要素的其中之一就是反饋。如果沒(méi)有反饋那么你就不知道自己哪里需要提高，下一步的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃要怎么制定。也不必只聽我的一家之言，事實(shí)上，那些取得成績(jī)的人都知道反饋的重要性。比如海軍海豹突擊隊(duì)指揮官James Water 就認(rèn)同反饋的重要性。
After every mission, SEALs do a review of what happened to get feedback. Do they all just congratulate each other? No, they spend 90 percent of their time on the negative: what they can do better next time. And there's another vital source of feedback: yourself. Always take some time to reflect on how you're doing.
每次任務(wù)結(jié)束之后，隊(duì)員們就會(huì)對(duì)發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行意見收集反饋。難道他們僅僅是為了慶祝任務(wù)完成，當(dāng)然不是，他們90%的時(shí)間都花在對(duì)于問(wèn)題研究，下一次怎樣才能做的更好。還有一項(xiàng)重要的反饋就是自我評(píng)價(jià)，每次對(duì)于自己的表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。
part 2
Rats in tiny trousers, pseudoscientific bullshit, the personalities of rocks, and Volkswagen’s, shall we say, “creative” approach to emissions testing were among the research topics honored by the 2016 Ig Nobel Prizes. The winners were announced last night at a live webcast ceremony held at Harvard University.
穿著小褲子的老鼠、偽科學(xué)胡扯、石頭的個(gè)性和大眾在尾氣排放測(cè)試中富有創(chuàng)造性的方法，這些都是2016搞笑諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的得獎(jiǎng)研究課題。昨晚，在哈佛大學(xué)舉行的網(wǎng)上直播儀式中，搞笑諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的得主一一揭開了神秘的面紗。
注：對(duì)于那些不熟悉搞笑諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的人，我們只能說(shuō)它是一個(gè)為妙趣科學(xué)舉辦的年度慶典�；蛘哒f(shuō)是慶祝那些看似可疑的科學(xué)，由諷刺雜志《不可思議研究年報(bào)》提供。它的主要目標(biāo)是表彰那些一開始讓你大笑接著令你深思的研究。它們都非常有趣，大獎(jiǎng)得主們常常需要自費(fèi)前往慶典接受他們的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。
This year’s crop of Ig Nobel Laureates is listed below. Those who attended the ceremony were given just 60 seconds for their acceptance speeches, a longstanding rule that was, as always, vigorously enforced (the Oscars could learn a thing or two from the Ig Nobels).
今年的搞笑諾貝爾名單如下。那些參加慶典的人只有60秒的提名演講時(shí)間，這個(gè)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)存在的規(guī)則常常會(huì)被大力貫徹下去(奧斯卡也應(yīng)該從搞笑諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)中學(xué)到一兩樣?xùn)|西)。
Reproduction Prize: The late Ahmed Shafik, for studying the effects of wearing polyester, cotton, or wool trousers on the sex life of rats, and for conducting similar tests with human males.
生殖學(xué)獎(jiǎng)：已故的Ahmed Shafik，研究穿聚酯、棉或者羊毛面料的褲子對(duì)老鼠性生活的影響，類似的實(shí)驗(yàn)也在人類男性身上實(shí)施過(guò)。
Economics Prize: Mark Avis, Sarah Forbes, and Shelagh Ferguson, forassessing the perceived personalities of rocks, from a sales and marketing perspective.
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)：Mark Avis、Sarah Forbes和Shelagh Ferguson，從銷售和營(yíng)銷視角評(píng)估石頭的`個(gè)性。
Physics Prize: Gábor Horváth, Miklós Blahó, György Kriska, Ramón Hegedüs, Balázs Gerics, Róbert Farkas, Susanne Åkesson, Péter Malik, and Hansruedi Wildermuth, for discovering why white-haired horses are the most horsefly-proof horses, and for discovering why dragonflies are fatally attracted to black tombstones.
物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)：Gábor Horváth、Miklós Blahó、György Kriska、Ramón Hegedüs、Balázs Gerics、Róbert Farkas、Susanne Åkesson、Péter Malik和Hansruedi Wildermuth，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)白馬最不招馬蠅的原因以及為何蜻蜓會(huì)受到黑色墓碑的致命吸引。
Medicine Prize: Christoph Helmchen, Carina Palzer, Thomas Münte, Silke Anders, and Andreas Sprenger, for discovering that if you have an itch on the left side of your body, you can relieve it by looking into a mirror and scratching the right side of your body (and vice versa).
醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)：Christoph Helmchen、Carina Palzer、Thomas Münte、Silke Anders和Andreas Sprenger，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)如果你的身體左側(cè)很癢，那么看著鏡子撓身體右側(cè)就能緩解癥狀(反之亦然)。
Biology Prize: Awarded jointly to: Charles Foster, for living in the wild as, at different times, a badger, an otter, a deer, a fox, and a bird; and to Thomas Thwaites, for creating prosthetic extensions of his limbs that allowed him to move in the manner of, and spend time roaming hills in the company of, goats.
生物學(xué)獎(jiǎng)：共同頒發(fā)給——于不同時(shí)間在野外像獾、水獺、鹿、狐貍和鳥那樣生活的Charles Foster，以及在四肢創(chuàng)造假體擴(kuò)張使得他能像山羊那樣移動(dòng)的Thomas Thwaites。
Psychology Prize: Verschuere, for asking a thousand liars how often they lie, and for deciding whether to believe those answers.
心理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)： Verschuere，調(diào)查了一千名說(shuō)謊者的說(shuō)謊頻率，并決定何時(shí)該相信他們的答案。
Peace Prize: Gordon Pennycook, James Allan Cheyne, Nathaniel Barr, Derek Koehler, and Jonathan Fugelsang for their scholarly study called “On the Reception and Detection of Pseudo-Profound Bullshit.”
和平獎(jiǎng)：Gordon Pennycook、James Allan Cheyne、Nathaniel Barr、Derek Koehler和Jonathan Fugelsang，得獎(jiǎng)研究是“接受和檢測(cè)假裝深沉的狗屎言論”。
Literature Prize: Fredrik Sjöberg, for his three-volume autobiographical work about the pleasures of collecting flies that are dead, and flies that are not yet dead.
文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)：Fredrik Sjöberg，他寫了三本自傳體作品，講述了收集死蒼蠅和尚未死去蒼蠅的樂(lè)趣。
Perception Prize: Atsuki Higashiyama and Kohei Adachi, for investigating whether things look different when you bend over and view them between your legs.
認(rèn)知學(xué)獎(jiǎng)：Atsuki Higashiyama 和 Kohei Adachi，他們調(diào)查了當(dāng)你彎下腰從兩腿之間看事物的時(shí)候，它們是否會(huì)變得不一樣。
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